The book says: "In the middle of February, Mr. Grass and Trees droops, and there is beautiful jade under it.

In the middle of May, the leaves of the grass and trees are green and sap, and the branches droop down, and the ground is jade.

In the middle of August, if the branches and leaves of the plants and trees droop, there will be beautiful jade. There are clouds, and after August, there is also jade for the dead of grass and trees.

In the middle of December, the grass and trees have unique branches and leaves, and there are beautiful jades underneath. ”

The main coloring elements in ochre color are iron, and the main coloring elements in black color are iron and manganese. Therefore, it is estimated that the ochre color material may be ochre, and the black color material may be a red clay with high iron content, or black gold and purple gold soil.

The white pigment may be a type of porcelain clay with flux. The glaze on the surface of Shang and Zhou glazed pottery is made of natural calcium carbonate minerals combined with clay. This lime glaze is the ancestor of celadon glaze in later generations. Celadon glaze is formulated from limestone and porcelain clay. In lime glaze, iron is the main colouring element, followed by titanium and manganese.

Copper gives the glaze an emerald green color, and iron gives the glaze a yellowish-brown and brownish-red color. Adding a small amount of cobalt-containing or manganese-containing minerals to the lead glaze will also give a variety of different shades of glaze such as blue and purple.

Moreover, if it is said that there are green onions in the mountains, there is silver below, and the light is faintly white.

There are 266 kinds of mineral medicines listed in the book, and in addition to the three parts of water, fire, and earth, there are more than 160 kinds of mineral medicines contained in the gold and stone department, including appendices, which are divided into four categories: gold, jade, stone, and halogen.

In addition, there are different degrees of detailed descriptions of the origin, shape, color, mining and identification methods of each type of gold and stone.

The mouth of the well is only the size of a small bowl, but it is dozens of feet deep.

Use thick bamboo to make a well sleeve to cut off fresh water. Use relatively small bamboo to make buckets, go in and out of the well, fill several buckets of water in a tube, and lift them with machinery.

This "round edge" is the forerunner of various types of chisel knives used for drilling in modern times, and it is indispensable in deep well drilling.

Mercury or gold ore is dominated by placer ore. In placer deposits where mercury and gold coexist, it is more accurate.

The lead-dominated lead-zinc-copper polymetallic deposits also exist with greenstone on the top and tin on the bottom, and the greenstone on the top and red copper on the bottom is also an accurate reflection of the actual situation.

"There are shallots on the hills, and silver below; There are shallots on the mountains, and gold below; There is ginger on the mountain, and copper tin below; There are precious treasures in the mountains, and the branches of the trees are drooping. ”

Although these records do not necessarily correspond to reality, he pointed out that the direction of prospecting for mineral use of indicator plants is correct, linking the underground deposits with the plants on the surface.

A certain mineral that appears on the mountain and another mineral that appears below the mountain are produced in different strata or rocks, and they are not the same ore body, which is only a relative relationship in location.

At the same time, a series of complex technical problems such as underground ventilation, drainage, hoisting and roadway support are preliminarily solved by various technical means.

Underground, miners use boat-shaped wooden discs and other instruments to carry out gravity beneficiation to determine the grade of ore and determine the direction of mining. They were very precise in selecting the high-grade areas of the ore bodies in the fault contact zone for mining.

The cold flue gas may be natural gas that contains more carbon monoxide. The depth of the mine and how to prevent cold smoke are mentioned here, but the structure of the mine as a whole is not described.

He has always attached great importance to Lu Ji's reputation, and Lu Ji and Zhang Hua felt like old when they met, he admired Zhang Hua's moral demeanor and treated him with the etiquette of a teacher.

Liberated from Lao Zhuang's metaphysics, he felt like a lonely boat floating in the long river of life, and the appearance of Yixue reminded him of his childhood Jin Se Liu.

lit a lamp for his dark night, but he knew that he was related by blood and couldn't give happiness to his sick body, so he chose to silently guard her behind his back, dressed all his life, and parked in the small pond of the royal family.

The roadway is more than one meter high, the shape is narrow and wide, the upper width is one meter, the lower width is one meter four, and then the coal field that needs to be mined is chiseled into a number of small areas, and the method of "jumping format" is gradually withdrawn.

On the one hand, the water is pumped out with rollers, and on the other hand, the groundwater is introduced into the pothole area where the coal has been mined and stored.

In short, the mining of ore deposits adopts a combination of vertical shafts, inclined shafts, inclined roadways and flat roadways.

At the same time, a series of complex technical problems such as underground ventilation, drainage, hoisting and roadway support are preliminarily solved by various technical means.

For example, mine workers use the air pressure difference at different wellheads to form a natural air flow, and adopt a closed abandoned roadway to control the air flow along the mining direction to ensure that the air flow reaches the deepest working face.

Underground, miners use boat-shaped wooden discs and other instruments to carry out gravity beneficiation to determine the grade of ore and determine the direction of mining. They were very precise in selecting the high-grade areas of the ore bodies in the fault contact zone for mining.

The city walls are surrounded by a meandering moat, rippling green waves, beautiful scenery, and high-rise buildings. The imposing roof ridge sandwiched the emperor's road, and the willow shade obscured the river that flowed through the palace.

Before Pei Xuanling left, he also reminded Yi Xue that not only copper and iron are the central monopoly, but also salt.

It is managed by the central salt officials, and the salt monopoly is produced by the salt people under the supervision of the government, purchased by the government at a fixed price, and transported and sold by the government. The iron monopoly took the government. ”

The ancient copper ore in the area of Tongguan Mountain is widely dispersed, and there are nearly 100 mining and metallurgical sites, among which the larger ones are Tongguan Mountain, Phoenix Mountain, Lion Mountain, Jinshan, Tongshan and other mining areas, each forming a mining and metallurgical center.

The copper smelting slag left behind, there are often copper smelting sites near many mining sites, and there are also various copper products, including bronzes, production tools, and weapons from Shang to Zhou, as well as stone fans and copper fans used to cast copper products.

It can be seen that the production layout here at that time has formed a one-stop process of mining, smelting and casting, thus forming large-scale production.

After the Yellow Emperor defeated Chiyou, he learned the smelting technology from Chiyou and sent people to Kunwu Mountain to mine. The mineral deposits of Kunwu Mountain are indeed very rich, and there are all kinds of iron and tin, but at that time, people did not distinguish between them, and only knew about smelting copper and iron.

In the late Yellow Emperor era, the use of copper and iron replaced various stone tools, and the knives, guns, spears, halberds, arrows, arrows and other weapons used by the Yellow Emperor's army in warfare were replaced by copper. All kinds of production and living utensils have also been replaced with iron and copper products.

It is said that there was also a man named Jinbo, who once made a concave shape with an iron hammer and put it on the fire to roast meat, which aroused the interest of many people.

Later, according to this principle, people invented the iron pot. The cat's back is all black, but the belly, legs, feet, and paws are all white, which is called dark cloud cover snow.

If the cat's whole body is black, and there is a little white hair on the tip of the tail, it is called a hanging bead or a black jade hanging bead, and it is also called a black jade heavy bead.

If the whole body is black, the tail is white, which is called the Morizo needle. The coat color is all black, but there is a white one on the mouth, which is called a butterfly.

The whole body is black or yellow, but the four claws are white, which is called treading snow and looking for plums. If the black cat has dotted white hair all over its body, it is called the plum leopard, also called the money plum blossom, but this pattern is very rare, I have never seen it so far.

There are also some who have a pure yellow body but white hair on their abdomen, which are called gold and silver beds. The black, white and yellow color is called a hawksbill turtle. If the tortoiseshell is concentrated on the head, it is called Caixia. The whole body is yellow, and the one without patterns is called a golden tiger.

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