Chapter 209: The Role of the Law of Space
As the "one super" among many superpowers, especially now that the situation on Mars is very unclear, Merrican did not immediately react violently to Tang Chao's speech.
Of course, it may also be due to the lack of time, dealing with Tang Chao and Tianxia behind him requires careful planning, and it can't be decided with a pat on the head.
But they didn't do nothing, but immediately got the president's office to issue a statement showing that Merrican can be trusted, they're good, and they've done a lot to the world.
Finally, they also advised certain people not to discredit Merrican.
In view of the current international ...... Oh no, it's the interstellar situation that is complicated, so they focus on the big picture for the time being, but they reserve the right to sue.
This...... It can almost be seen as a compromise.
In the midst of an uproar outside, the afternoon session of the United Nations began.
The remaining day and a half are spent developing an international law that is effective and binding enough to guide contact with extraterrestrial civilizations.
At present, human society has space laws, and there are quite a few of them.
Flying into space is a unique dream of mankind.
In order to maintain this dream, human beings have specially formulated some relevant laws, because when human beings expand their sphere of activity, they always need new self-restraint to avoid the disorder brought about by new freedoms.
In order to prevent humans from rushing into space like a bunch of wild boars with wings and making a mess of this dream, humans always have to set some constraints on themselves.
From the launch of the world's first artificial Earth satellite, Sputnik 1, the United Nations immediately paid attention to it and enacted relevant legislation.
First, the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space was established as an ad hoc subsidiary body of the United Nations General Assembly.
Then the United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution 1962, which contained all the important features of international space law and laid the foundation for the eventual adoption of the "Magna Carta" of outer space, the Outer Space Treaty.
The full name of the Outer Space Treaty is like a light name, rather long, and it is called the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies.
As the foundation of international space law, it is also known as the "space constitution", so it basically stipulates 10 basic principles that should be observed in space activities.
The first is the principle of the common good.
That is, the exploration and use of outer space should be for the benefit of all countries, regardless of the degree of their economic or scientific development.
The second is the principle of free exploration and use.
All States should freely explore and use outer space on an equal basis and in accordance with international law, with free access to all regions of the celestial body.
The third is the principle of not appropriating for one's own use.
States may not use, occupy or in any other way appropriate, by claiming sovereignty, outer space.
The fourth is the principle of limiting militarization.
That is, States cannot place nuclear weapons in orbit around the Earth or on celestial bodies, or any other weapons of mass destruction.
The fifth is the principle of rescuing astronauts.
In the event of an accident, distress or emergency landing of astronauts, States should provide them with all possible assistance and return them promptly and safely to the launching State.
Sixth, the principle of State responsibility.
States should bear international responsibility for their space activities, whether they are carried out by the governmental or non-governmental sectors.
Seventh, the principle of registration of space objects.
To the maximum extent possible and practicable, States engaged in space activities are required to inform the Secretary-General of the United Nations of the status, location and results of such activities.
The eighth is the principle of jurisdiction and control over space objects.
That is, the State that registers space objects launched into space retains jurisdiction and control over its objects in outer space.
The ninth is the principle of protecting the space environment.
Space activities should avoid harmful pollution of outer space and the introduction of extraterrestrial materials that would cause adverse changes in the Earth's environment.
The last is the principle of international cooperation, that is, cooperation and mutual assistance among States in outer space activities.
Then, on the basis of those principles, the Committee on the Outer Space also developed the relevant Rescue Agreements, the Liability Conventions, the Registration Conventions and the Moon Agreements.
These are abbreviations, and the full name is still the word length of the light headline.
In addition, there is the Declaration on Legal Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, the Principles to be Observed by States in the Use of Artificial Earth Satellites for International Direct Television Broadcasting, the Principles on Remote Sensing of the Earth from Outer Space, the Principles on the Use of Nuclear Power Sources in Outer Space, the Declaration on International Cooperation in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space for the Benefit and in the Interest of All States, Taking into Particular Account the Needs of Developing Countries, and the Vienna Declaration on Space and Human Development Wait a minute.
But......
Among the above-mentioned space law treaties, only the Outer Space Treaty has been ratified by nearly 100 countries and has received broad support from the international community.
The rest of the signatories are only a few dozen, or a dozen, or even just a few.
For example, the provisions of the "Moon Agreement" are similar to those of the "Antarctic Treaty", which are no pollution, no declaration of sovereignty, equality and a part of the research must be announced to all countries, and so on.
That is, one is on the earth, the other is next to the earth, and at the same time, they are all places that ordinary people can't reach.
But it is this Moon Agreement, and there are only a dozen signatories to it.
Let's put it bluntly, none of the countries that can afford to send a probe to the moon have signed this treaty.
There are enough signatories to the Outer Space Treaty, and all the major powers with certain space capabilities have signed it.
It calls on all countries to cooperate and help each other in space activities, but this is not implemented very well because of interests.
It also restricts the militarization of space, and not to mention the research and launch of anti-satellite missiles, which are already being played by several countries.
In recent years, the United States has directly set up a space force, which is even more blatant than launching an anti-satellite missile attack satellite from the earth, and it has made it clear that it does not take the "Outer Space Treaty" seriously.
International law has been developed for a longer time than international space law, and it is more perfect, but Merriken can still bypass the United Nations and go to war against whomever it wants, precisely because its own force is too strong.
The same is true of space law, where the United Nations does not have a strong force, and even less than its subordinate body, the Outer Space Committee.
But there are still relevant laws.
When one side has an overwhelming advantage, it naturally doesn't care about space affairs, but when the two sides are evenly matched, or even when they are at a disadvantage, they begin to expect space law to manage things.
Especially now when it comes to extraterrestrial civilizations, once it is confirmed that the detector is real, human beings must consider the contact of extraterrestrial civilizations.
At this time, no one wants to leave themselves behind, and they don't want one party to monopolize the benefits, so relevant laws must be enacted.
Even if the relevant laws have a limited effect, as long as the other side cannot openly use force to threaten the whole world, and then monopolize the extraterrestrial benefits.
Just like the role of the United Nations is not large, but there is always some role, otherwise Merriken's foreign war will be even more unscrupulous.
Sneaky contacts are certainly inefficient, and once other countries seize the opportunity, there will always be some opportunities to catch up.