Talking about the epidemic prevention system that once led the world in China's history

Recently, the article wrote about a two-room pottery urn dedicated to firing burial ashes, which by the way extended the ancient Chinese health and epidemic prevention system.

It has long been known that the population density of ancient Chinese cities, especially the capital, has always been the highest in the world.

For example, Chang'an and Luoyang in the Han Dynasty were both large cities with a permanent population of more than 200,000, while the capital of the Roman Empire at the same time had just exceeded the 100,000 population mark and was already regarded as the center of Europe.

As the local saying goes, 'All roads lead to Rome'.

It was not until the middle of the Qing Dynasty that the population density of China's capital was surpassed by some Western countries for the first time.

Did you know that Paris, now known as the perfume capital of the world, began to make perfumes in large quantities for a somewhat difficult reason: the streets of Paris in the 18th century were so smelly?

I wonder if you have seen traditional European oil paintings, and have you ever noticed that the male and female aristocrats in outdoor portraits often carry an umbrella in their hands?

Although it is true that there is a lot of rainy weather in Europe, there is no need to take to the streets with an umbrella every day.

Therefore, these umbrellas are actually to prevent themselves from being splashed by sewage from roadside puddles when they are in a hurry.

By the way, a significant part of this sewage is the feces of street residents...... Vomit!!

Initial website: m.

In the Middle Ages, Europe was plagued by a terrible plague that claimed the lives of 73 million people, the Black Death, or pneumonic plague.

The impact of the plague on Europe has been so great that it continues to this day.

For example, the plague doctor who wears a bird's beak mask is common in dark Gothic culture (there are indeed plague doctors in this way in history, but in fact, the effect is extremely limited, and it is extremely incommensurate with the cultural symbols they play), and the necromancer who can manipulate the corpses of the dead have been interpreted by people who fear death.

Intriguingly, in China during the same period, whether it was urban population density, or the habit of digging rat holes everywhere in the year of famine to seek food, and even directly eating field mice, it seems that the probability of infection of Chinese with plague is higher than that of Europeans.

But why hasn't there been an outbreak of the Black Death-level plague?

Personally, I believe that this is due to the very advanced health and epidemic prevention system in ancient China.

For example, as early as the Tang Dynasty, Chang'an implemented a very strict fang market system, separating residential areas from market areas.

The government will send special personnel to go to residential areas to collect toilets containing feces and urine from door to door, and transport them out of the city for centralized dumping.

This is called 'inverted night incense'...... I wrote about it earlier, do you remember?

In addition to the centralized and efficient treatment of daily life wastewater, it can also effectively monitor the epidemic situation in the jurisdiction

This person has to eat, drink and Lazar when he is alive, and all those who knock on the door but do not open the door to deliver the toilet must be infected with the plague and the whole family is sick, so quickly report to the government hospital to disinfect it.

In the Song Dynasty, not only could the night incense not be poured casually, but also the washing water could not be poured indiscriminately.

In the "Song Law", it is stipulated that dumping domestic wastewater on the street at will will cost 20 lashes.

The washing water must be poured into the canal designated by the government to dredge and ensure smooth flow.

(Huanxi Sha Dragon Boat Festival Su Shi.)

Light sweat is slightly transparent, and the Ming Dynasty Dragon Boat Festival baths in Fanglan. The fragrance is full of clear rivers. The colored thread is lightly wrapped around the red jade arm, and the small charm hangs obliquely on the green cloud mustache. The beauties have met for a thousand years. ）

However, it is not enough to pay attention to the sewerage, and the water supply system for daily water intake is also one of the important links of epidemic prevention.

To this day, fish and turtles are still kept in the ancient wells of some small towns in the south.

Once the fish turns over, the well fills up, which is common sense.

These live fish and turtles ensure the safety of drinking water sources to the greatest extent.

As mentioned earlier, if you dare to go out and pour water indiscriminately, you will wait to be whipped, let alone bury the dead.

It is absolutely forbidden to bury the dead in this city, even in your own backyard.

All the dead corpses, those with a cemetery were pulled to their own cemeteries outside the city, and the roads without a cemetery were collected by the Yizhuang house, and then pulled to the ravine outside the city and pulled down to the mass grave.

These mass graves were all specially seen by Mr. Feng Shui in advance, and they were looking for those vicious places that are absolutely not suitable for reclamation and habitation.

No matter how much the city expands in the future, no matter how prominent the contradiction between man and land is, it will not be possible to cover the mass graves.

People who often watch Japanese dramas should be familiar with the word 'Rashomon'...... It's never a good word anyway.

This Rashomon is written as Rajomon, which is the name of the South Castle Gate of Kyoto during the Nara period (710-794) in Japan.

According to historical records, in the middle of Nara, a great plague broke out in Kyoto, and many people died at one time.

I don't know if there was something wrong with the scheduling at that time, but in short, the volunteers responsible for burying the dead bodies actually threw all the corpses here at Luo Chengmen, and turned a large city gate into a mass grave.

If this kind of thing happens in our country, then even if the official in charge of dispatching is not dug up and whipped from the ancestral grave, it must be the sin of exterminating the nine clans.

But in ancient Japan, there was no, do you say it's weird?

In the end, because there were too many dead bodies thrown here at the Luo City Gate, jackals and wild dogs dared to eat the dead bodies near the city gate in broad daylight.

For a time, the pedestrians on the road were extinct, and it was said that there were ghosts and monsters here at the city gate, which could capture people's souls and harm people's lives, and even a lecture house near the Luo City Gate that taught Confucian scriptures was forced to close the door.

Slowly, the Luo Castle Gate became the same as the Gate of Hell in the hearts of the Japanese.

The closed lecture hall has become one of the important sources of countless ghost school strange stories in later generations.

In other words, since the Japanese like to make small movies so much, why don't they make a ghost school background?

Female high school students, uniforms, classroom chasing PLAY, several major selling points are all together at once...... It seems that he is still afraid of ghosts.

Ahem, go on.

In the Qing Dynasty, because the Manchu people who had just entered the customs were not accustomed to the summer heat in the Central Plains, there were many sick people every summer, which directly gave birth to the birth of the Chengde Summer Palace.

In addition, the Qing court also implemented the strictest epidemic prevention system in the center of the rule, which can be regarded as a model of the modern epidemic prevention and isolation system.

As mentioned above, the Forbidden City strictly prohibits patients with infectious diseases from setting foot in it, and even Kangxi Ye was sent out of the palace when he had smallpox when he was a child.

Considering that there was no specific drug for smallpox at that time, it is not an exaggeration to say that it was thrown away and waiting to die.

Under such circumstances, it is strictly forbidden to set up mass graves around Sijiu City, and it is not difficult to understand the system that all ownerless dead bodies must be burned first and then buried in urns.

Thanks to it, in the more than 200 years after the Qing army entered the customs, there has not been a single outbreak of plague that infected more than 100,000 people, which can be regarded as a blessing.

This is the end of the article, but a tiger head insists that I write about the migration of herders and rotational grazing in pastures.

There are people who don't know the difference between forage grass and ordinary weeds, and even think that cattle and sheep can gnaw any grass like a lawnmower, can you believe it?

Anyway, how much did you buy this doctoral diploma?

The so-called forage grass is a herbaceous plant that can be directly eaten by herbivores, mainly including gramineae, legumes and broad-leaved families, such as ryegrass, wolf's tail, bitter horsetail, white clover, chicory, bracken, alfalfa.

In other words, there are two or three wild vegetables that can still be eaten by humans.

And those herbaceous plants that cannot be eaten by herbivores are weeds.

Obviously, the ratio of pasture to weeds in a meadow varies from one meadow to another...... Have you ever seen a lot of wild plants and weeds in unison?

Only pastures that have a certain amount of pasture will be pasture!

Once the grass in a particular pasture is eaten by the cattle and sheep, the rancher will drive the cattle and sheep to the next suitable pasture for grazing, and then move back next year when the new grass grows.

This is known as rotational grazing.

As a general rule, a farm in use should not have a sudden outbreak of gadfly.

Because a meadow where flies breed will never be turned into pasture, not even more pasture.

If there is no host around the grass that can suck blood, the gadfly will die quickly, so large herds of gadfly can be starved to death by migration.

In the event of a sudden outbreak of flies in a pasture due to some special factors, the herders will immediately take all the healthy livestock with them, and at the same time throw away the disabled and already sick animals.

After leaving the pasture, the density of the pasture will be greatly reduced, and it will not be able to support large herds...... Rather than starving to death because otherwise healthy livestock have no grass to eat, it is better to throw away the burden of walking in the first place.

Some people may ask, will there be flies following the herders all the way?

The answer is no.

Because the herdsman will cut open the trachea of the animal while discarding it, all the flies will be attracted by the smell of blood.

By the time the flybugs have sucked up the blood, the herd has long been gone, how can they follow?

This is Sanniang, as soon as they heard about the outbreak of flies, they immediately suspected that someone was behind it.

It is extremely rare for a single pasture to break out of flies, how can several pastures separated by hundreds of miles from each other break out at the same time?