Chapter 646: Quantum Decoherence
EU Headquarters, Brissel.
At this time, in a closed conference room, two men and one woman, three people sat on a round table in a triangle.
Outsiders will surely recognize them again.
Britain's new Prime Minister Boris Johnson; French President Macaron; The German Chancellor, who took over the baton from the German 'Iron Lady', is known as 'Little Merkar', Anne Gretel and Kabauer.
This time I came to Brussels to attend an EU meeting.
Due to the fact that so much has happened in front of them, they have also decided to meet today to discuss the future direction and countermeasures of Europe.
All three of them didn't look very good.
Because some time ago, they again felt betrayal.
The three countries of the United States, Russia and the island, while having succeeded in controlled fusion technology, launched their controlled fusion research agreements at about the same time, leaving them behind.
Today, there is progress in controlled fusion technology in the three countries of the United States and Russia, while there is no breakthrough in Europe's own controlled fusion technology.
If this status quo continues, they will be surpassed and left out of the gates of great power in the near future.
That's not what they want to see.
"That incident, once again, proves that they can't be trusted, what are you going to do next?" Macaron asked.
Both Johnson and Lencabauer were quiet, not daring to speak easily.
After thinking about it for a while, I finally had some movement.
"In these special times, Europe must come together." Lencabauer crossed his fingers and looked calm: "The tuyere of historical change is very critical. Compared with China, the United States and Russia, we must hold together. ”
"So what?"
Johnson looked at him earnestly and told her to continue.
"You should all have received some news about the reason for the breakthrough in controlled nuclear fusion technology in the three countries."
Macaron and Johnson looked at each other and nodded slightly.
There was a hint of something, and their intelligence department informed them of possible speculations, and now that the United States has announced artificial intelligence, they have confirmed the news. Moreover, the dispute between Russia and the United States is also very strange, and they have received a lot of news.
"And what do you mean?" The two looked at Lencabauer.
"Concentrate the artificial intelligence research team to tackle key artificial intelligence problems and develop advanced artificial intelligence as soon as possible. None of us alone has a strong enough technical team and funds, and we can't do anything without working together. The change has begun, and if we are not prepared, we will withdraw from the center stage of the world. ”
Lencabauer's words made Macaron and Johnson nod slightly.
This woman, who can take over the big stick from the Iron Lady and take charge of the leaders of Europe, is definitely no worse than them.
"What do you propose?"
"Concentrate the capital and technical personnel of European countries, concentrate the talents and technologies of various countries, and reorganize the research team. As long as we bring together the best talent from each country, we have the best team and all the technologies are successfully shared. Lencabauer said.
The artificial intelligence research institute established by the European cooperation in the past, they all had reservations, and now they have been betrayed in the direction of controlled nuclear fusion technology research, and they are indeed a little passive.
"If you agree, you can announce this at the summit. Now China, the United States, Russia, and island countries are all trying to find ways to grab technical talents, and if we don't unite, we will be abandoned by the times, don't expect the United States to help us, the last time controlled nuclear fusion technology was withdrawn, it was a reality. ”
Lencabauer stopped.
She has said everything that needs to be said, and the next choice is up to the two of them.
In this era of technological explosion, they have no choice but to take a back seat to the second rate of the world.
"I agree." Macaron raised his hand and said.
Both looked to Johnson, and now only Britain remained.
After leaving the European Union, they are now in an awkward position, but they are still the top three countries in Europe, and they are also one of the five hooligans, they have been played so many times that if they still follow the United States, they can only be isolated.
"I agree."
Johnson also raised his hand.
……
"Landing ......"
"100 Meter ......"
"50 meters ......"
"10m ......"
"Landing successful!"
On the far side of the moon, the edge of Zhihai once again welcomed guests, this time a behemoth Tiannu.
Chen Mo named this lava cave area: Ant Cave Area.
After several months of continuous launch of construction machines and helium-3 extraction machines, the anthole area is now a bit lively, and the machines can work normally on both moonlit and moonlit nights.
It's daylight, and you can see more than a dozen helium-3 extractors working, and a helium-3 extractor will collect the helium-3 and store it in a storage tank not far from the molten tunnel.
The Celestial Maiden couldn't hear anything here, and it was as quiet as death.
"Please note that the transport pod is open."
The artificial intelligence of Tiannu opens the door of the transport module, the robot in the transport module opens the safety belt of the fixed equipment, and various machinery and equipment start, slowly leaving the transport module and entering the lunar surface.
With the exception of five helium-3 extraction robots, all the other robots went into the molten tunnel.
This time, there are quite a few of them, and the size of the machine is also larger than that transported by the Goddess, and there is also a toolbox containing several robot drill bits so that the robot can change it on its own.
A transport robot, carrying the helium-3 collection module, arrived at a predetermined location next to the molten tunnel and put it down, and then took the already full collection module back to the Tiannu.
The one-ton capsule, equipped with a refrigeration system, also contains 100 kilograms of helium-3, which is collected by the helium-3 extraction robot and returned to Earth, where it will be used as fuel for controlled nuclear fusion.
"Earth, this is the Celestial Maiden, all missions are complete, please return."
After all the robots were dropped, the helium-3 collection bay was recovered, and several robots were loaded with some lunar rocks and lunar soil, the artificial intelligence of the Tiannu sent a request signal.
"Permission to return."
In the laboratory of Building 1, after receiving the signal, the ink girl passed the command.
"Brother Mo, the Celestial Maiden has returned."
"Hmm."
Chen Mo, who was in front of the experimental table, responded and looked at the quantum chip design diagram in front of him seriously.
This is the design diagram of the quantum chip made by Mo Nu according to his ideas.
To build a quantum computer, the importance of quantum chips is self-evident.
Quantum chips need to integrate quantum circuits into the substrate to carry quantum information processing. There are many paths to quantum chips, including superconducting systems, micro-nanophotonics systems, atomic systems, ion systems, and semiconductor quantum dot systems.
Chen Mo's chosen research direction is superconducting systems.
At present, he has room temperature superconducting materials, and the technology of superconducting quantum chip system is relatively easy to implement.
In the research of quantum chips, Chen Mo has several technical solutions obtained in the science and technology library, combined with some theories in reality, and selects the best, hoping to develop more efficient quantum chips.
The difficulty of current research is to extend the decoherence time of qubits.
Quantum coherence refers to the special connection between quanta, which allows other quantum states to be extrapolated from one or more quantum states.
If a string of quanta is coherent with each other, this string of qubits can be regarded as a 'community of destiny', and the processing of one of the bits will affect the operating state of the other bits.
Decoherence is the phenomenon of wave function collapse, one of the fundamental mathematical features of quantum mechanics.
The simple explanation is that the continuous probability amplitude of multiple states from 0 to 1 suddenly changes to a specific function point of 0 or 1 at the moment of 'observation'.
Figuratively explained, that is, in Schrödinger's cat experiment, when Schrödinger did not open the box to 'observe' the cat, the cat only lived in the box with a certain probability, in a superposition state of neither life nor death, that is, life and death, and when Schrödinger opened the box to 'observe', the cat's original uncertainty about the existence of life and death suddenly changed into reality at the moment of 'observation', life or death, that is, 0 or 1, one of them.
The computation time of a quantum computer is affected by quantum decoherence.
The coherence between qubits is difficult to maintain for a long time, and once they are observed by an external entity, the qubits will lose their coherence.
In a computer, qubits interact with the external environment and become decoherent. The time between the quantum process from the coherent state to the loss of the coherent state is the decoherence time, and if the decoherence time is not long enough, the quantum computer cannot calculate.
Increasing the decoherence time is a difficult point in quantum chip technology, and it is also one of the problems that Chen Mo is currently working on.
In addition to extending the decoherence time of qubits, the fabrication, measurement and manipulation of spin qubits are also the topics of Chen Mo's current research.
Among the technical theories that Chen Mo obtained from the science and technology library, superconducting quantum interference is the best theoretical technology that he can use to manipulate microscopic quantum states.
In addition, in terms of control accuracy, it is necessary to break through the fault-tolerant quantum threshold for the quantum chip to be successful.
In order to ensure the effective implementation of scalable quantum computing, the error rate of logical operations should not exceed 10 magnitude, and in order to achieve this fault tolerance rate, Chen Mo chose topological quantum error correction as the research direction.
The topological properties of quantum states are used in quantum error correction processes.
This theory is recorded in the quantum data obtained by the science and technology library, and there is a similar topological quantum error correction theory in real science, which is the highest fault-tolerant quantum computing scheme that can be achieved by the existing technology.
"Take a trip to the lab."
Chen Mo stood up from the platform, asked Mo Nu to store the information on the design of the quantum chip, and walked towards the quantum laboratory. Now he is not sure if the method is feasible, and he needs to use experiments to test his ideas and ideas.