Excerpt from "The Ancien Régime and the Revolution"

“...... Although in recent literature, Lorraine is either a glamorous enchantress with a femme fatale in the pen of the Enlightenment, or a gentle noblewoman who admires literature in the pen of the old aristocracy, history is obviously much more complex than mere face-painted characters. ”

"Lorraine misjudged the form that led to the outbreak of the September Uprising, but after the outbreak of the uprising, Lorraine made a choice that at least I couldn't think of a better way. ”

Many of the old aristocrats who opposed Lorraine felt that Lorraine, a stupid woman, had simply been to blame for the death of Celiti III by not abandoning Battyros, but the resistance to the Provisional Parliament after the autumn harvest had apparently made Lorraine realize that his rule was unpopular. ”

"At this time, it was still located in Batiros, still in the royal palace, and it was the last symbol of the legitimacy of Celiti III, once this layer of identity was abandoned, Celiti III was not Fauti II, and the economic crisis also made him have little prestige left, and if he abandoned the capital, it would be gone. ”

"But how to deal with the 'September Revolt' without escaping the capital? Some enlighteners believe that Lorraine's subsequent inability to resolutely suppress and make peace with the Reform League led to neither a swift disposition nor a pandering to the uprising, which showed that she was a cowardly woman, and led to the death of Seliti III. ”

And I think that's a mistake because in some cases, the snakes and rats are not hesitant, but the result of careful testing of the political situation, as in this case. ”

First of all, we have to answer the question, how many military forces were there in the vicinity of Battyros at that time?"

"There were four, the Third Legion, which was largely disarmed and incapacitated, the less effective but most combative militia of the Reform League, the city defense that was supposed to protect Batiros, and the most reliable royal guard of Seliti III. ”

"The Third Legion has long lost its weapons, and the officers have been placed under house arrest from afar, coupled with the suddenness of the incident and the cold reception for three months, this legion has long lost its basic combat effectiveness and can be excluded, so the 'September Uprising' is actually a tripartite game between the militia, the city defense army and the royal guard. ”

"In this case, Lorraine's strategy was to have his brother Dofan cross Lorraine and order the suppression of the 'September Uprising' against the city defense forces. ”

"Some traditional interpretations suggest that this was a sign of Lorraine's audacity, that is, she wanted to suppress the September Uprising, but did not dare to tarnish the reputation of the massacre, so she instructed her brother to cross over and order the city guards to suppress the September Uprising. ”

However, as a result, the city defense army did not accept the formal formalities and was unable to send troops, and the rebels were angry with Lorraine for suppressing the uprising, which eventually led to the death of the Lorraines. ”

However, none of these explanations carefully analyzed the actions of the city defense forces after receiving the order, and thus hastily came to such conclusions. ”

"You know, Duofan is Lorraine's own brother, and he is also one of Lorraine's most trusted people, he can represent almost any will of Lorraine himself, go to the archive to consult historical materials, you can find countless historical materials that ignore the formal procedures, and these are later recognized by Lorraine. ”

I believe that many are quite convinced that Dofan's actions at this time represent the will of Lorraine himself, and even those traditional explanations claim in their arguments that Dofan was the representative of Lorraine's will, although they conclude that this proves Lorraine's repressive attitude towards the uprising. ”

"But let's see, what happened after this order, which could be taken as Lorraine's attitude, was communicated to the city defense forces? At the present point it is available that seven detachments were ordered to act, but three detachments were infighting before departure, two were pinned down by other neutral detachments, and in the end only three detachments actually participated in the suppression. ”

"And when the militia reached the arsenal, the city guards guarding the arsenal mutinied, and the fortified fortress opened its doors to the insurgents without much fighting, just like the 'June Uprising'. ”

"At that time, these people, including Xi Er, claimed that this was because of the influence of the city defense army's desire for reform, but is this really the case? I will then list some people's information, which is the information we have collected about the officers of the city defense army who participated in the mutiny at that time......

“...... From this information, we can see that these officers were not reform-minded people, and even like my parents, they were die-hards who were extremely averse to reform, so there is no need to say anything about their instructors, and there is no doubt that they were the result of the support of Li Xiyi's faction. ”

“...... So I think that Lorraine's real plan is to wait for the outcome of the city defense army, if the city defense army will respond to her orders, then she will order the royal guard to enter the war, so as to completely solve the preparation council, but if even the city defense army is not reliable, then Lorraine is ready to compromise. ”

In fact, this strategy worked very well, and it turned out that the city defense force was out of control, so Lorraine turned to a temporary compromise, and arranged for Dorfan to flee immediately, rather than the result of Lorraine's own order, and gave both the Preparatory Council and Lorraine an excuse to step down. ”

More importantly, because the royal guards did not intervene, Lorraine succeeded in retaining an army that was still loyal to Celiti III, which had a great impact on the subsequent political situation, one of which was undoubtedly to make Celiti III's life longer. ”

Among the speculations of many later historians about Lorraine's reaction to the "September Uprising", Tokwe's guess is the closest one, when he saw that he basically could not mobilize the city defense army, Lorraine's heart suddenly pulled out the cold, and realized that suppression to control the situation was a dead end, so he decided to abandon the provisional parliament and compromise with the preparatory parliament.

As a result, the royal guards closed the city gates and did not go out to engage in armed clashes with the militia, and only three teams of the city defense army engaged the militia, which was a small number, coupled with no support in sight, so that the morale soon fell to the bottom and collapsed, and the militia easily seized the weapons depot.

It's just that Lorraine is very cautious, and for a superior person like her, sacrificing three teams of inferior city defense troops to test the situation in the city is quite a good deal.

However, the human heart still exists after all, too much trickery and strategy, so that he lost his principles, with the collapse of the three teams of city defense troops, but also let more people see what kind of woman Lorraine is, and the seeds of resentment fell into the soil like this, becoming the hemp rope that finally strangled the Lorraine family.

After the menial resistance of the city defense army collapsed, the militia gathered under the palace and demanded that Seliti III and others come out and explain what had happened today. Moments later, Seriti III, who had not been seen for a long time, finally reappeared on the city wall with the help of Lorraine, accompanied by the setting sun.

No matter how he discussed Celiti III in private, when the ruler above 10,000 people appeared on the city wall, the square was silent, waiting for Celiti III's reply, and Celiti III was nervous to go to Lorraine for comfort, and was pinched by Lorraine's arm before temporarily calming down, and resigned according to Lorraine's explanation.

"Ladies and gentlemen, I am your ruler, from the glorious House of Parson, Seriti III, who became the President of the United Nation by the god of the mountains!"

The militiamen laid down their arms and waited for the words of Seliti III to follow, which will be the key to the legitimacy of their actions today, but with the experience of the June Uprising, the militiamen will at least not feel as uneasy about rebellion as they did last time.

Sure enough, Celiti III did not mention that they were "rebelling", but instead admitted their mistakes, claiming that they had been deceived by Lorraine's brother Dofan, that he had done the Provisional Council, and that even the order to order the city defense army to suppress the militia was also Dofan's instructions, so all this was a misunderstanding.

How could they believe these people if they weren't three-year-olds, for example, how could something as big as the Provisional Council be possible without the approval of King Celiti III, and for example, Dofan could almost be counted as Lorraine's shadow, and he dared to do this must have been at the behest of Lorraine.

But why tell the truth? Blowing these words out will only make both sides unable to step down, even if they do? Do the militia still want to enter the palace? That would really be a rebellion, and the Speaker of the Parliament, Le Xi Min, would mobilize his troops into Batiros after clapping his hands and laughing, and execute him after the defeat with the order of counterinsurgency.

Therefore, it was best to take advantage of this step to descend the donkey, so few leaders of the Reform League believed what Celiti III said, but at this moment they all pretended to believe Celiti III's words, and the "September Uprising" ended here.

The "September Uprising" was over, and Celiti III announced the dissolution of the provisional parliament on the city walls in front of everyone, recognizing the legitimacy of the preparatory parliament, which meant that it was impossible to go back unless Celiti III wanted to lose all his political prestige.

The focus of the political struggle then shifted from forcing Celitus III to recognize the Preparatory Parliament to what kind of state the Provisional Parliament should be established, and the Reform League decided to convene the Fourth Assembly of the Preparatory Parliament on October 2 to discuss the question.

As to why it was free for almost a week, it was because the Reform League also needed to unify its thinking and deal with the establishment of a union of chapters throughout the country before preparing for the fourth session of the Parliament.

Yes, with the victory of the Reform League in Batiros, it aroused the favor of the enlighteners in other places, and there were many people from all over the world within the Reform League, so they all authorized their hometown colleagues to form local chapters of the Reform League in order to spread the influence of the Reform League to Batiros.

In addition, the Reform League discussed the path to be taken in preparation for the fourth session of the Parliament, and the members of the Reform League were all in favor of replacing the right to vote by blood, but on more specific issues, a heated debate broke out between the two sides, led by Sielli and Ji Weiluo.

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