Tashkent is the capital of Uzbekistan and has two cities, old and new. The new city was built after the revolution and has been fully modernized, with trams on the streets, lush forests in the parks of the central district, and modern buildings with a strong Iranian flavor and pale green colors. As we move towards the old city, the degree of modernization gradually decreases. The streets are mostly paved with small stones, without cements or asphalt, and there are many soil surfaces on both sides, and there are yang ditches exposed. But the water is very clean. The walled houses have an oriental atmosphere, and most of them are built with sun-dried bricks.

The streets are full of strange customs. Every woman wore a large burqa on her head, and a thick black veil hung down in front of her face, like a ghost. **The young woman likes to draw a word horizontal eyebrows, because the eyebrows are thick, the eyebrows are close, so they simply connect them with thick dai, which is not funny. Tashkent is close to Xinjiang, and the Uzbeks are also close relatives of the Turks, and there are people with similar customs. Both men and women like to wear floral clothes and embroidered hats, which are colorful. The ethnic group is also quite complex, with black hair, no Western flavor, and descendants of the Mongols. Every time this kind of person wears a felt hat, it is quite similar to the hero hat on the stage, but it does not hang a dog's tail.

Staying in a hotel in the suburbs, quite quiet, there are many flowers and plants, forests and trees, and fruits.

Aspen, birch, mulberry, hibiscus, impatiens, hibiscus, canna, white rose, lampflower, apple, ringo, pear, apricot, peach, fig, grape are almost all common flowers and trees in China. It's all over the place. It's just that there are no plantains. I got two lines of poetry: "Lin Yi is entrusted with no one to pick up the ground, and the hibiscus flowers are big mulberry leaves are fertile." ”

There is a bath in one corner of the garden, and the water is green and yellow. The water is also melted by ice and snow on the top of the mountain. Irrigated by a canal, the water is released once a day in the afternoon, so the water in the bath is always flexible.

In the evening, I was invited to visit a photo studio and watch a film in a small screening room. One is the construction of Tashkent, which became a sluice gate in 1931, and the soil has been greatly improved, and the products are abundant, especially cotton. The film was screened in Chongqing, which has increased local awareness. The other is the enthusiastic performance of the followers of Tashkent in the Great Patriotic War, donating money, going to war, praying for victory in the war, etc., with great patriotic enthusiasm. The liturgy is exactly the same as what is seen in Chinese mosques, except for the sound of reciting the scriptures, which seems to have been lost in China. The architecture of the mosque has also lost its original artistic value in China.

July 13th

The hotel is a bungalow, and the rest of the person has a room alone, which is very spacious. Last night, I didn't eat because I wasn't feeling well. I woke up once at two o'clock, felt cold, and then covered my coat, because of the high terrain, so the climate is mild? Such a situation is unique in Chongqing. I got up at six o'clock and rinsed, and my throat was cold.

After breakfast, I went to the city at eight o'clock to meet the mayor of the city, and then to visit the Academy of Sciences.

The Academy of Sciences was established in 1937 as a local branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and in 1943 it became the State of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It is divided into three parts, the first part is technical science, the second part is cultural science, and the third part is meteorological mathematics. There are more than 300 researchers, of whom 150 are Uzbeks. There are large-scale publishing plans, but they have not yet been realized because they have not been established for a long time. The library has a rich collection of 1.5 million volumes, with more than 140 books in various languages.

The engineer Ashkoshensky reported that the translator was the least likely to deal with the excavation of aqueducts and the scale of hydroelectric power plants. Five major hydroelectric power plants have been largely completed. In the future, if it is fully completed, it may occur 10 million kirovat. electricity, while before the revolution it was only 20,000 to 40,000 kirovat.

Geologist Uronsky reported that more than 1,000 people were engaged in geological surveys, and that a large number of coal mines had been discovered and that mining had begun. There are also a lot of iron ores, which have not yet been utilized. There is no shortage of lead ore. The geology in the south is similar to that of India, and the north is similar to southwestern Siberia.

The Oriental classical writer Andrev reported that various ancient texts were instructed, including materials in Mongolian. There are as many as 600 kinds of Turkic classics in the collection.

Uzbekistan has a population of 6 million, and Tajikistan has a population of 1 million. There are two universities, 37 research institutes, and more than 40,000 educators, more than half of whom are Uzbeks. Cinemas and cinemas are common in all cities. Before the revolution, there were only three doctors in the country, and now there are not only many traditional Chinese medicine hospitals in cities, that is, there are hospitals or doctors in every village. Medicine is free, and education is free.

At the time of parting, he was presented with four books, one was an excavation report, one was a poem, and the other two were novels. One of the novels is Yang (Ya

is a Soviet writer pen name) of "Genghis Khan".

This was followed by an elder who visited the *** sect. The imakh and the people around him who we saw in the movie last night welcomed us very warmly. At first, he went to the patriarch's study, and sat on the floor, and spread a lot of rich felt carpets on the floor, and a thick mattress for the back and elbows. Rich carpets are also hung on the walls. On the extremely long low table, there are countless fruits, including black tea, starch syrup, honey, and baked cakes. The baked cake is solid, sunken like a round cap, and its color is golden. The owner splits and eats it with honey, which is very delicious.

At eleven o'clock, the imam led the guests to the church. The worship hall is quite large, it can accommodate more than 1,000 people, and the people have already knelt full, and the open space outside the hall is full of more believers, when there are more than 3,000 people. Most of them are elderly, and there are also teenagers, but there are quite a few of them.

In front of the worship hall there is a square platform, several steps above the court surface, and guests are led up to the platform and sit on the stone railing to watch the ceremony. All the rituals are the same as those seen in the film, and the sound of reading the scriptures and praising them is very pleasant.

After praying, an old man in the court walked to the bottom of the platform, took the hands of Dr. John Sun and Yu and kissed them one after another, and exchanged tears and muttered in his mouth, not knowing what to say. INTERVIEWER That's probably a sign of gratitude, right? The person is quite poor, and he once pointed out that his torn pants showed him, but he didn't know what it meant.

After the imam withdrew from the worship hall, he invited the guests to his other courtyard and entertained them with great things. This is a garden, and on the right side is a pond, which is impounded and is suspected of swimming. The center is the aisle, there are poplars, mulberry trees, and aspen trees beside the road, and the forests are lined up, and the thick shade is stacked on the ground. There is a wooden fence in the pond, and there is a mat under it, and it still sits on the ground. All the offerings are more ornate and more abundant than in the previous study. On the left is a flower garden with red roses blooming.

Back to the pond, face the flower garden and sit, rest leaning on a mulberry tree, with a thick mattress cushion back, quite pleasant. Sugar, sugar cubes, rock sugar, honey, caramel sugar, and more types of sugar. Peaches, cherries, grapes, batain apricots, berry jam, cow cheese, and round cakes are all furnished. It's not just a feast for the mouth, but also for the eyes. There are small quince, the taste is better than walnut, and it is a little troublesome to peel and eat. Barbecued mutton, fork length two feet, five forks per person, five meat per fork, pick it by hand, and wipe it with two lips with your fingers after eating.

In the dining room, a young man led a black sheep into the table. The young man holds the sheep in one hand and two mulberry leaves in the other. The sheep has no horns, a small head, a large tail, lop ears, a thin neck, and when it raises its head to eat mulberry leaves in the hands of young people. His eyes are clear, and he feels very cute. What does this mean? Knowing that the sheep will be slaughtered for enjoyment, he will ask the patriarch to give him French, which is quite unbearable. Russia was dragged into the backyard, and there was a scream, presumably the sheep died.

The right side of the back of the courtyard is an altar shape, which is higher than the second level of the garden, and is protected by an earthen wall. The walls are covered with hanging tapestries and the floor is also covered with tapestries of flowers. Following the re-establishment of the long case, the elder Su Ke moved to another place, just like the life of the ancient chieftain. The dumplings are presented on a large plate, the method is the same as in China, and more pepper is added. After the dumplings are finished, the table is reorganized, and there is pilaf, which is served on a large plate. The rice is mixed with Meilong melon slices, and the pen is used for barbecued mutton. The host eats it with his hands, and the guest eats it with a knife and fork.

At half past three o'clock, I returned to the apartment, and I was keeping a diary, and Mrs. Su came to sue her, only staying for one hour, and I would go to watch the drama in the evening. Swimming in the bath, the water is deep and cool. There are two people bathing together, but neither of them can swim. After bathing, continue to keep a diary in the garden pavilion and use tea slightly.

At five o'clock, he went out to see "Othe-llo" at the Agademi Theatre. Othello is played by the "People's Artist of the Republic of Uzbekistan" Ab

a

Khidayatov), who plays his wife, Desdemanna, is Ishan Dulayeva (Sa

ah Isha

tu

ayeva), who also retains the title of "People's Artist of the Republic of Uzbekistan". Both are Uzbeks, and the stage for the performance is Gafu, an Uzbek poet and academician of the Uzbek Academy of Sciences

Guliam). The architecture of the theater is solemn enough, and the whole performance, as well as the lighting, sets, costumes, props, music, effects, etc., all reach amazing heights.

The host who entertained the guests in the theater was the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Uzbekistan, who was not very tall, but quite handsome. He admired Dr. Mei Lanfang, who was a student at Moscow University when he arrived in Moscow. He also believed in the legends of previous years, thinking that Dr. May had passed away, and he was very sad. I told him that Dr. May was still alive and in Shanghai. He was taken aback: - then, not the surrender of Japan?

- No, he has grown a beard and expressed passive resistance.

- Oh, that's good.

He was relieved, as if he were concerned about his own close ones.

The foreign minister then questioned Dr. John Sun and asked him to make criticisms of the performance. The old bishop thought that the performance was very good, and that was no more than what was performed on the London stage. It's just that the British have a calm personality, so Othello on the stage is more composed. That kind of calm Othello, moving to Tashkent, I'm afraid it won't be welcome. Othello in Tashkent, moving to London, I'm afraid it won't be popular either.

This was cleverly stated, and Dr. John Sun clearly thought that Othello of Tashkent was too reserved. I haven't seen Othello in London, and Othello in Tashkent is indeed an explosive character that he has performed with all his heart. In my case, I prefer the latter. Because Othello was originally a Moor, and he was a martial artist, and the plot was also a tragedy born because of short-sighted and false speculation, in Shakespeare's character structure, I don't think he would be regarded as a calm person, right?

This is one of Shakespeare's four great tragedies, and the drama itself is not very much my favorite. The plot is a tragedy from misunderstanding, and tragedy is inevitability, so it lacks the significance of the historical era. I felt this way when I read the script before, and when I saw the performance for the first time today, although the actors put a lot of thought into it, the result was not overwhelming. Othello is just a fool. Hamlet was also performed on the same stage, with photographs displayed in the windows on the walls of the verandah. The event itself is of high cultural significance.

July 14th

In the early morning in the garden, the idea of worrying about the country is unstoppable. The country is man-made, Uzbekistan was a highly suppressed colony in the era of imperial Russia, less than 30 years after the revolution, the fetters were lifted, the people were happy, how can they be envious? Looking back at our country, the external troubles have not been eliminated, the internal worries have not ended, the water is in dire straits, and there is no difference between hell. The scene is full of love, and it is three chapters of poetry. Knowing that he is involved in sentimentality, he can't help himself. After Liu entered Wei, Zeng Yun "is happy here, not thinking about Shu", and Yu came to Tashkent, with a unique heart of "here is happy, the more you think about Shu". Hell needs people, why should I stay in heaven for so long?

Early in the morning into the garden, Gao Gao tomorrow east day. Lin Yi's branches are green, and there is no one to worry about when he falls to the ground. There are also cochineal flowers, and there are also white butterflies. The impatiens are blooming, and the hibiscus is smiling. The beauty is separated by clouds, and the lovesickness is folded.

The morning breeze is cool, and the grass and trees are green. The flowers and branches are scattered, and the morning sun is shining. Birds are heard in the air, and they are seen soaring again. Recall Buffalo Mountain, the three paths have been deserted. Fox squirrels are crisscrossing and crisscrossing people's intestines.

Linliu wet my towel, the towel can still be clean. Prison sorrow in my bowels, a hundred folds of confusion. Even if there are forests and springs, even if there are singing and dancing. Heaven is not on earth, and blood is being shed on earth. When it does not return, the mind will be destroyed.

At breakfast, the Soviet Union presented Dr. John Sun with a Red Flag Medal, and the guests and hosts congratulated him. It was also reported that the meeting of the Berlin Triumvirate was approaching, and US President Harry S. Truman had taken off from Washington.

After 12 o'clock, I took a bus to visit a girls' middle school. The headmistress was an Uzbek, very short, with a red mole on her left sideburn and two long braids on her hair. Uzbek women generally like to braid their hair, and there are countless pigtails hanging down the brain. The students are also Uzbeks. After the principal gave a presentation in the office, he was led to the study room and classrooms. There are not many books on display in the library, and there is a volume of "The Chinese Soviets" (1933 edition) in the bookcase, which is in Russian and has never been seen in China.

A classroom is teaching zoology, with pictures of Ameba and paramecium on the blackboard, and many specimens are displayed on the pulpit, including an anatomical diagram of a cattle. The student seats are covered with flower carpets and students are dressed in costumes. In another classroom, there is algebraic polynomial analysis on the blackboard.

The school has a total of 600 students and 32 faculty members. Three of the faculty members are junior high school graduates, and the rest are university graduates, almost all of whom are Uzbeks. Classes are conducted in Uzbek, and Russian is only the second compulsory subject, which prepares students for advanced studies. Boys' and girls' branches for middle schools and upper elementary schools were introduced one or two years before the war. The lower grades of primary school and universities are still co-educational. The reason for the reform of the system is that girls develop intellectually earlier than men between the ages of 10 and 20, and the co-operation of schools inevitably accommodates each other, at the expense of both boys and girls.

In the school court, primary school students sing in the open air, play various games, or perform folk songs and dances. There are bedding facilities in the shade of the adjacent trees for napping. This is a summer break group, which includes children from outside Uzbekistan who come from afar.

After returning to the apartment for a while, he returned at four o'clock to visit Stalin's textile factory. Returned to the apartment at half past six.

The factory is very large, including the first and second factories, and we only visited the first factory and various ancillary factories. Each factory is a combination of six factories. The first is the Tanhua Factory, which puts cotton on the machine and grows into a long board. The second is to make this long board into countless cotton strips the thickness of sugar cane. The third seat spun the sliver into yarn. Fourth, extend the yarn. the fifth, make it firm. The sixth is woven into cotton. Every factory is a sea of machines. The machines are all electrically started. The air in the factory should be maintained at a certain height, and the water vapor is constantly dispersed, which is quite frustrating. The workers are almost exclusively women.

Let me know that there is a British scholar who helped in the work in this workshop, and the Soviet Union once presented Lenin with the Medal. According to him, a woman worker had to manage thirty-six machines and two thousand spindles. Eight hours a day. If the yarn is broken, the motor will stop by itself, and there will be a small red electric ball to light up to indicate the broken place, and the motor will run automatically when the knot is on. In order to make it more clear to me, he deliberately cut one of the yarns on a loom at Factory No. 6, and the machine stopped immediately. All of them were as he explained, and he looked at me as if to say, "Look, is it strange or not? He also showed me the sign on the machine, which said "Made in Leningrad". He gave this instruction probably because I was afraid that I would suspect that the Soviet machinery was only some foreign products. It is said that the No. 6 factory has a total of 2,500 looms, producing 250,000 meters of cloth per day. The machines in the second workshop are more modern than those in the first workshop.

The subsidiary factory does bleaching, dyeing, printing and equipping parts. There are many patterns, there are special designer designs, and the excellent ones have various bonuses in addition to the salary. Printing machines, some of which can print eleven colors in one set.

that everyone should have clothes to wear,

And to dress well -

Once upon a time it was just a dream,

I'm seeing this kind of production today.

Stalin's workshop, the sea of machines,

You are the cradle of socialism,

Your size is rare in the world.

After the visit, the factory manager asked us to write an inscription in the commemorative book, and I wrote these words. In fact, the most noteworthy thing is the workers' village. The welfare of the workers is well taken care of. Outside the factory there is garden equipment, which is wooded and like a park. Dr. John Sun praised this, and according to him, "the equipment in the workshop may be possible for the British and Americans, and perhaps some of them will be more perfect; The facilities of the workers' village were beyond the reach of the British and Americans. This is obvious, the difference between capitalist countries and socialist countries. In the former, the capitalist is the master, while in the latter the master is the worker.

At 8 o'clock in the evening, I went to the National Theatre to see the opera "Ulug Beg". This is the king of Samarkand in the 15th century, born in 1393 and died in 1449, and is known in Chinese history books as "Ulugh Beg". ("History of the Ming Dynasty, Western Regions Biography IV, Samarkand": "In the twelfth year of Yongle of Ming Chengzu, he gave his leader Ulugh Beg and other silver lottery coins. It is also called "Ulubemir". (Ibid., "In the autumn and winter of the fifth year of Xuande, the leader Ulubo Mir and others sent envoys to pay tribute.") "Mi

za) is actually the meaning of the leader. Ulugh Beg was the grandson of Temur, who founded the Mughal Empire, and was a descendant of the Mongols. He was an enlightened king, a lover of astronomy and mathematics, and did his best to import the Persian civilization. He wrote a book called "Catalogue of the Heave."

ly Bodies"), three hundred years after his death, it was printed at the University of Oxford, England, and was reprinted several times. The Pulkov Observatory in Leningrad still holds part of his manuscripts.

Such an enlightened king, unfortunately, had a very reactionary son, whose name was Abdul Latif. He took advantage of the fact that when the king led his troops out to defend against foreign invasions, he deeply trusted the conservative forces at home, tyrannized the people, brutalized the loyal and good, and relied on external forces, and as a result, his father was booby-trapped and killed.

This is undoubtedly a typical tragedy, but in this story, the author A. Kozlovsky has added a love subline. The heroine is a Chinese singer Si

Dua

Fa

(New Oriental?) She was presented to Ulugh Beg by a Chinese envoy, who betrothed her to his son on the spot. Because she was wearing a mask, no one knew that she was a peerless beauty, but as soon as the mask was removed, both father and son were dumbfounded. The singer also doesn't like Ladief, but she likes the king. One night she infiltrated the King's observatory and eavesdropped on the King's monologue about her love, and she confessed her passionate affection. The king kept himself in courtesy, but the singer turned to love and hate, so that the father and son added the kudzu vine of love to the gap between the old and the new. The prince's plot progresses day by day, and is known to the singer, who has an undying affection for the king and is his loyal servant

Bo Da

(Manbaudan?) Absconded, informed the king, and advised the king not to return to Samarkand. The king did not listen, and Ji committed suicide.

I believe that this line must have been added, and it is a bit unnatural, but in order to complicate the scene, it may have to be like this. With this intersperse, it is naturally convenient to insert various songs and dances, adding to the exotic atmosphere. In the posture of the dance, the embroidery gestures are combined into a couplet, and all the waist and wrist movements are in the Chinese style, which is undoubtedly the influence left by Dr. Mei Lanfang. The Minister for Foreign Affairs is here today. Artistic director Muhta

Ash

AFI) and his wife also asked about Dr. May, who had seen Dr. May in Moscow. Ashirafi is a musician who won the Stalin Prize and holds the title of People's Artist of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The performance was brilliant, and the effect on the two English guests was greater than last night's "Othello", and Dr. John Sun asked to go to Samarkand because he had seen the opera. This is something that is not found in our travel procedures.

July 15th

I got up at six o'clock, washed and cleaned up, and stayed in the room to sort out the diary.

At 11 o'clock, I went out to visit the fruit tree experimental field. The total area of the site is about 20 square kilometers. Half of the orchards are orchards, with peaches and plums imported from China, and there are many kinds of apple trees, and pomegranates can weigh as much as a pound. We only visited part of the apple orchards and vineyards.

Mr. Hamigov, the director of the field, suddenly looked quite like a Chinese, only forty years old, very sincere and sincere. According to him, there were only two kinds of apples that bore fruit in June, and now there are twelve varieties that have been improved. Seventy species bear fruit in July. There were only four in August, and now there are as many as 80. In addition, there are September, October, and November fruiting ones.

The number of fruit saplings and fruit exported to various places fluctuated somewhat during the war, but gradually increased, and there is a table that can be seen at a glance.

Tons of fruit, number of saplings

194138570, 0000

194234250, 0000

194348116, 000

194456740, 0000

The number of saplings exported was the most drastic during the war, but this year it was about to return to its pre-war situation, and in 1945 it was only halfway through, and the number of saplings exported was said to have reached 30,000.

He is a recent author of "The Development of Orchards and the Protection of Trees", and he is undoubtedly a writer who combines knowledge and experience. "Tree protection", as far as I have seen, is really like a baby being protected, and the intention is very thoughtful. It is the time of apple bearing, and the apple tree is full of fruit, and there are various ways to support it. Some are walled, some are spoked, some are pagodas, and some are fan-faced, and it is said that there are nine ways in total. The aim is not only to help the branches not break, but also to make them more receptive to sunlight and air. Why are there nine? It is said that in experiments, it depends on which method is the most effective.

The vineyard is about one square meter of rice and has an annual harvest of 300 tons. There are many purple ones, and they are ripe. During the tour, each director gave a cluster to quench his thirst, and the taste was very fresh. There are many kinds of salicyl in the gaps, and the purpose is to cut down its strips as grape pillars.

After the tour, you will be entertained in the forest behind the laboratory. The mat is in the shade of a large tree, but not on the ground. The banquet was richly furnished, similar to the reception received at the Patriarch's premises. But there is wine, which is made in the field. There is a kind of chicken blood red plum, and the cloud is a Chinese species, and its big one is like a fist, which has never been seen in China. There is also pilaf, where the host and guest use a knife and fork instead of a finger. Yu Xi grabbed the food with his fingers, but because he couldn't do it, his hands were full of rice grains. The hosts were all laughing. Sitting across from me was a young female researcher, an Uzbek, whose eyebrows were washed away, but the hidden marks between her eyebrows remained. She smiled and taught me how to grasp it. First, take the barbecued pork on the rice and put it on the edge of the plate, use two, three, and four fingers to rake the rice to cover the meat, and press the rice and meat together with the three fingers on the edge of the plate, lift it up and push it with your thumb, and then all it is imported. It's really very dexterous and lightweight, and not a single grain of rice sticks. I followed up again, and the rice was flattened too much, and it stuck to my fingers more and more and more and couldn't be taken off. The female gentleman and the people close to him were amused again. There is a poem as proof:

The horizontal eyebrows and forehead are all together, and the deep affection is appropriate.

The fingers itch and scratch the rice frequently, and win the relief of the mucun.

The shade of the trees covers the mat, and the sunlight sifts through the leaves, adding to the brilliance of the mat. The air is so fresh, the wine is so mellow, and people are as if they are in the sky. While thinking so, Dr. John Sun got up and spoke, saying, "I am not on earth, but in heaven." "Aha, it's really people who have the same heart and have the same heart.

The wife of the field director was also accompanying the guests, she was very young, dressed in Uzbek floral clothes with long braids. She grew up as an official and was the deputy minister of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Uzbekistan. She had a child who was only one year old, and she took a picture of her co-audience with me. At the parting of the course, the director and his wife gave each guest countless fruits.

At 3 o'clock in the afternoon, I visited a collective farm 10 kilometers away, which was called "Collective Farm of the Representatives of the 18th Communist Party." Chairman Usimanov and the other leaders welcomed everyone to a garden in an earthen walled courtyard. In a corner of the wall there is a large earthen kang, with a roof cover, two sides against the wall, both sides are open, and the wall and the kang are gorgeous felt carpets. There is a mat surface, such as a concave shape, with the notch outward. There are more sumptuous furnishings on the table. The guests were put on the kang and sat on the ground. The main crowd is the diligent eater, even called "Barcelona, Barcelona" (please). But there were many flies, and the fat was amazingly large, and the density was not dispersed, and a very burly master stood in the middle of the concave gap, holding an overcoat as a fan, and fanning it with all his might.

I used tea for a while, and then I was guided out on a tour.

According to the leader, the farm was established in 1931. There are 1,200 men, of whom 850 are in the prime of life, and 300 men have been on the front line and have not yet been demobilized. There were one hundred and twenty horses, all of which were of the British breed, ninety-six of which were sent to the front during the war, and one hundred and fourteen carriages were supplied. The total area is 650 square meters, and there are 150 square meters of cotton fields. Before the war, one square meter of rice could produce 2,050 kilograms of cotton per year. During the war, production increased to 2,500 kilograms. In addition, there were onion fields and vegetable fields, and wartime production exceeded pre-war production. This year's plan has already been completed by 300 percent (that is, only half a year, which is more than three times the one-year plan). Tractors are used for ploughing the fields, but there are also two oxen used for tillers.

Resting in a small pavilion next to a cotton field, the farmers picked countless cucumbers and tomatoes from the fields and brought them to their guests to quench their thirst. Cucumbers were prized in the Soviet Union, and they were often served at banquets in Moscow. The onions were blooming, and the pellets were endless, and at first I didn't know what they were, but the farmer plucked a few from the field and gave them to the guests, and the whole length was almost equal to my length (five feet and five inches).

After touring for a while, I returned to the clay kang just now, and this time I brought wine and pilaf. The wine is all home-brewed wine, and it is drunk as tea in a large bowl.

In front of the big earthen kang, a small wooden kang was placed in the garden, and five folk artists sat on it. Two people play Ruan Xian (thin-necked pipa), a man and a woman, carrying bullets and singing, and the other three are all men, who also sing in unison, one holding a disk and beating the beat with his fingernails. The singing and piano sounds are similar to those in China, but the meaning of the lyrics is unknown. The voice was unusually high-pitched, especially the female musician, who was using all her might. Her face is very dark, her mouth is very large, and her eyebrows are very thick, like a flat pole. The playing and singing were hearty, and all the farmers in the audience sang in harmony, and everyone clapped their palms to replace the beat. The female musician simply stepped down from the wooden kang and wore worn leather shoes, and she began to dance, singing and dancing at the same time. Several of the hostesses also danced. The waist posture and the dense movement of the footsteps have an indescribable original flavor.

Following the statements of Dr. John Sun and Mr. Day, I have also been asked to speak.

I was sitting under the flower tree in the garden, and I got up and said, "I'm not going to speak, I'm going to recite an impromptu poem." I first told Mrs. Su about the poem, and after asking her to translate it, I began to recite it.

collective farms of party representatives,

What a paradise on earth!

Dear people

One by one, like the gods.

There is no more in the world

Such a nice place!

Grape wine, as a tea soup.

High-five and sing, shattering the earthen wall.

Dear people

You are blessed with immeasurable happiness!

I celebrate your health,

I celebrate the health of the people's leader.

Ula, the Soviet people!

Ula, Stalin!

Everyone became fanatical, shouting in unison "Ula, Stalin"! Everyone hugged me, and the great man who replaced the fan with a coat came and hugged me with both hands, and at once gently lifted me into the air. I hugged him back, but his legs were like two iron pillars that had taken root in the soil, and he couldn't carry them. It was the chairman who motioned to him, and he jumped on his own, pulling his feet up, but almost overpowering me. He eats pilaf with a large handful, but he also grasps it very delicately, and his hands do not stick to the rice grains. I don't know how, but he put a tuft of pointed rice on the thumb of his left hand, like a pointed Kyoto hat. He put it to my mouth and asked me to eat, and I ate it. Several of the hostesses gave me a thumbs up, and they were overjoyed. One of the men said to me, "Don't go back today, stay with us for the night." He said as he made a sleep gesture.

The masters took out flowered clothes and hats, one set for Dr. John Sun, one set for Mr. Dai, and one set for me. Immediately put it on for us, dressed like a monk's robe, without buttons, with a silk slip as a belt, and one of the hostesses said, "I wear it in the best way." But my head was too big to wear, and the chairman took off his hat on the spot to try on several positions, but it didn't fit. I had to still put a flower hat on the corner of my head.

Each was presented with a large cluster of flowers, baskets of cucumbers and tomatoes. When the three cars were about to leave the farm, the hostesses flocked to one of my cars, still giving a thumbs up.

In the evening, we went to the National Theater to listen to music. The theater is the theater where "Ulugh Beg" was performed last night, and the conductor is also Ashirafi. The first is modern music, and the second is folk music. The level is no different from Moscow and Leningrad. The most noteworthy thing is that some of the owners who have just met on the collective farm, almost all of them are present to admire. The level of literacy of the peasants who could appreciate modern music is astonishing.

July 16

In the room, with the help of Mrs. Su, I sorted out yesterday's harvest, and it was past twelve o'clock, and someone invited me to visit the museum. Dr. John Sun had already set off first, and when we arrived, we had already finished looking upstairs and had only looked downstairs once. The exhibits are all modern paintings, and all kinds of paintings and materials are available. Before leaving, a small square of oil painting was given, and the female librarian wrote Uzbek characters with a pencil on the back of the painting, horizontally, from right to left, and wrote very quickly.

It was nearly two o'clock on his return, and Wen still had to visit the History Museum, hoping to get some information about China here.

At three o'clock, I went to the history museum, but Dr. John Sun and others were not interested and did not go. Antiquities related to China are very rare, and only a "Chongning Tongbao" was found in the currency of the past dynasties, and Chongning was the name of Huizong of the Song Dynasty. But Uzbekistan was a guest in the Han Dynasty and Cao in the Sui Dynasty, so there should be something earlier than the time of Huizong of the Song Dynasty, maybe there are things that have not been displayed in time, right? There are many harnesses made entirely of fine green gemstones. This kind of inlaid stone work, according to the description of Zhiyun, "is unique to the Uzbek nation and was imported to China in the fourth century". However, there are examples of stone inlay in the antiquities of the Warring States period in China, although there is no such exquisiteness. This kind of fine workmanship was unprecedented before the Warring States period, and it was imported, but there was no need to wait for the fourth century. It is suspected that it was a mistake in the first four centuries, but those who asked for explanations did not know what it was.

Uzbekistan in the era of Imperial Russia received purely colonial treatment. The punishment was extremely harsh, all cultural facilities were completely devoid, and the school was like a museum in the old days of China, and there was no difference between whipping and kneeling. There are various examples of objects and paintings from these old times, and compared to today's Uzbekistan, there is really a difference between heaven and hell.

At 6 o'clock, I went to visit the chemical factory. The factory is made up of four factories. The first plant performs the electrical decomposition of water, from which hydrogen is extracted. The second plant takes free nitrogen from the atmosphere. The third plant appears to be for the manufacture of nitric acid. The fourth plant makes nitrate (Nit

a-Amo

ium）。 In this way, the process of artificial fertilizer manufacturing is completed. The principle is simple, but the scale is huge. Most of the workers are female workers, and the third factory is particularly toxic and smelly, and the female workers carry anti-virus equipment with them, and their living conditions are better than usual. Only seven hours a day. This year's plan has been completed, that is, one year's production has been completed within half a year.

As a result of the use of artificial fertilizers, production was increased by forty percent.

Tashkent weather, no rain from April to December; December, January, February, rain and snow, sometimes rain today, snow tomorrow, or rain before the afternoon, snow in the afternoon. Winters are very short. The minimum temperature was 18 degrees Celsius, but it was only one month. No strong winds on the anniversary.

July 17th

At 7 o'clock in the morning, we took off and went to Samarkand. Fly in just one hour to arrive. This is the old capital of the Temur-Ulugh Beg era, and although the city is not as modern as Tashkent, there are many monuments from the 13th and 4th centuries.

After entering the market, it is introduced into a garden with lush flowers and trees. Rest in a large concave boathouse, with a bar on each side and a vine outside the bar. After a short break, re-enter the city to visit the monuments.

The first place is a combination of three monasteries, built in different years, one in 1400, one in 1435, and another in 1680, but the architectural forms are all slightly similar. A dome structure in the middle, and two round towers on the left and right face each other. There are spiral stairs to go up in the inside of the tower, the stairway is narrow and dark, and it is quite inconvenient to climb when it is almost prostrate. But when we climbed one of the round towers, Dr. John Sun, who was over 70 years old, was as vigorous as a young man and did not flinch, which was admirable. The top of the tower is suspected to be the bell tower at the beginning, the building is destroyed, only one side is flat, stand on it quite dizzy, there is no column to rely on, there is no pillar to lean on, if it encounters strong winds, it seems difficult to foot.

The buildings are made of small bricks, which is quite exquisite. The bricks are glazed, mostly green, and the color is as new. The whole body is covered with large and small patterns, all of which are written in the Koran. The foundation stone of the base, and the text of the Koran.

Then go to a temple, in which the roof of the round hall has been closed, the left and right towers are octagonal cones, and the whole body is full of flowers, the scale is very grand. It is explained that this was created by the concubine of Temur. The concubine believed in religion and took advantage of Temur's expedition to build a building, and completed it within a time limit. After the triumph of Temur, seeing the completion of the temple, he was very unhappy, and sent troops to arrest the engineer, and only two of his disciples were obtained. Ask the teacher where he is going? Answer: The master is superb and has flown out of the sky. This may be a folk legend, but it is enough to imagine that Temur, like the Ulugh, did not attach much importance to religion. "Ming History: The Biography of Samarkand" "There is an earthen house in the northeast of the city, which is a place to worship the sky, the regulation is exquisite, the pillars are all bluestone, carved as a flower text, and a lecture hall is set up in the middle, and the scriptures are written with mud and gold, wrapped in sheepskin", what is said may be this ancient temple? On the left side of the garden there is an open-air prayer table made of stone. The case is shaped like a V, for the classic display on it. According to the size of the case, it is speculated that the classics are more than five feet wide and one foot long, which can really be regarded as a great book. The climate seems to be slightly hotter than Tashkent. It was almost noon and back to the garden. There is a small bathroom in the garden, and you can take a leaky bath, that is, you can bathe once. After bathing, use lunch. At the same table was an old writer, who said that he had seen my photos and conversations in the "Literary Newspaper", and he was very intimate.

The mayor is only about 30 years old, and he is very kind, and after the meal, he admits to the local situation. The population of Sashi was 176,000. There are 12 boarding schools (1 for girls and 11 for boys) and 30 for ordinary non-boarders, including 20 for grades 1 to 10 and 10 for grades 1 to 7. There are 7 primary schools and 20 kindergartens. One university. There are seven research institutes, including agriculture, film, planning, people's economy, medicine, education and educational administration. Ten kilometers from the city there are collective farms, which produce grapes and produce 150 tons per square meter. There are self-owned power plants, which are cultivated by tractors, but there are rice fields, which are still cultivated by hand. The factory has cotton, sugar, canned food, leather, beer, etc.

After a break, return to visit the planetariums of Ulugh Beg. The room is located in a gentle hill that looks like a ruin. The chamber was discovered in 1908 by Dr. Byatkin, who died in 1932 and whose tomb is not far from the chamber. The chamber is narrow and deep, the roof is very high, and its shape is dome, with two round holes. There is a square skylight near the roof on the bottom wall. There is a curved tunnel at the bottom of the chamber, which goes deep into the ground. The tunnel can accommodate one person on foot, and the armpits are made of stones, which are waist-high. The end of the wall is smooth, that is, it is arc-shaped, and there are notches every three feet or so, and it is divided into 36 equal parts to represent 360 degrees of the week. Each tick is engraved in a circle, and the words are illiterate. The walls of the chamber were originally covered with astronomical images, which were copied by English scholars in the 16th century and sent back to England (the author of the Oxford University publisher died here), but they have now been obsolete. There was a small stream under the hills, and the water was very clean. After visiting the planetarium, take a break by the stream. The residents of the stream, if the girl enters the water bath in this stream, you can get the Ruyi Langjun. Dr. John Sun was also good at humor, he said: "It's a pity that there is not a single girl in our group.

Continue to visit the mausoleum of the family of Temur. It is a series of mausoleums integrated into one lane, and the buildings are all complete, as exquisite and gorgeous as the temples visited in the afternoon. One of them was made by a Chinese craftsman.

The mausoleums of Temur and Ulugh Beg are not within the confines of this lane, but are located in a separate location. The structure is the most grandiose, and the one is also a large dome roof, and there is a tomb of iron fungus in the underground room, and the coffin is made of black jade, and it is three-dimensional and rectangular. In the eighteenth century, the Persians invaded and robbed the stone coffin, but it was sent back by the order of the Persian king. In 1942, the coffin was opened and inspected by Soviet archaeologists, and there was a wooden coffin with fragments of bones and gold thread embroidery. These relics have been sent to the museum, but it has not been determined where they belong to the museum. (Gold thread embroidery may have been a gift from China, in the Ulubeg era, the "History of the Ming Dynasty" clearly stated that "the king and the king's wife were given a color coin table", and the Temur era also paid tribute, and the gift of color coins may also be available.) On the side of the tomb of Temur there is a tomb of Ulube, and the coffin is made of green jade, which is smaller. In addition, there are one or two tombs, which are buried by the ministers of Ulugh Beg.

The Temur Mausoleum was established in 1404 in the Ulughgh Beg era, and it has been in decline, and the city is intending to repair and restore it to its original state. It is rumored that the annual cost of repairing antiquities is not less than a million rubles.

At five o'clock, we returned to Tashkent by the original plane. The hostess of the hotel specially makes dumplings for the remainder, and also uses vinegar when eating, which is the same as the custom in northern China. Grandeur can be felt. The hostess has a daughter and a son, the daughter is studying medicine at the university and will graduate next year. The son is only 11 or 2 years old and is still in primary school.

July 18

At 11 o'clock, we went out to visit the "Central Selection Station of the Cotton Research Institute". Half a moment back to the apartment.

The site led all the cotton research stations of the Soviet Union, and there were large-scale scientific research and work in the field of biology, technology, statistics, etc. New species are discovered all the time. Ninety percent of Soviet cotton is produced on this site.

Between 1924 and 1927, most of the lines were of American varieties, and the fiber was only 28 mm long, and the harvest was not large.

In 1932, a new species was discovered, with a fiber length of 31 mm, which was made by combining Asian species with American species.

In 1940, Egyptian varieties began to be imported, with longer fibers and larger harvests, but cotton diseases were imported at the same time. The results of the study showed that the new Egyptian species was obtained by combining cultivated species with wild species, which are more resistant to disease. This new species is tall and has a large ball. The silk is fifty mm long, early ripening, large harvest, and disease tolerant. This is a new Soviet discovery, which is not found in the world.

In 1932, fibre accounted for only 2 per cent of the elderly, but now 90 per cent of the fibre is over 33 mm long.

There are various colors of cotton, brown, yellow, green, pink. Those with coarse fibers can be used as wool substitutes. Green cotton was discovered by Maxi Menkos.

Cotton fields should be planted with Luhel grass or alfalfa for one or two or three years, and then cotton will be planted later, and the results will be better. Alfalfa is not as good as Luhel. But the latter seems to be absent from China.

Tomorrow I will return to Moscow, because I have nothing to accommodate all kinds of gifts, and I plan to buy a suitcase. At five o'clock, it entered the market, and it was impossible to buy suitcases. This proves how well all production in the USSR was organized and planned. The Soviet Union was not so poor that there were no leather trunks to make, but wartime production was concentrated on military supplies and other more urgent daily necessities, and the production of trunks and the like would have ceased to exist. During the four years of the war, of course, there will be no more existing suitcases.

In the evening, there was a grand farewell dinner in the hotel, attended by the chairman and vice-president of the Uzbek Academy of Sciences, as well as celebrities from the theater and music circles. Singer Halima Nashy

OVA), she is an Uzbek People's Artist, who was awarded the Stalin Prize. The face is quite Mongolian-like, yellow-black and broad, with a radiant look, and two long braids on his head. Singing automatically, holding a disk in his hand, and beating the beat with his fingernails, the same as what he saw on the collective farm a few days ago, is probably one of the national forms of Uzbekistan.

The one who plays Desdemuna in "Othello" sits with the rest of the neighbors. Yu shook hands with him and praised his acting skills. Desdemuna's serenity and serenity are just the right amount to be contrasted with Othello's brawdness. She was very happy, saying that her heart was weak, and she was afraid that she would not be able to improve her art. His complexion was rather pale, and he was indeed not very healthy. Othello was also present, and he was very quiet, very different from what he saw on the stage.

At the table, following Dr. John Sun, I also said these words.

"I am very grateful to have come to Tashkent for a week and to be warmly received. During this week, I visited the new Uzbekistan and also the old Uzbekistan. There is no doubt that the Uzbek people are highly educated. The new Uzbek is the people's Uzbekistan. Industry, agriculture, academia, education, theater, film, music, painting all reached a very high level. The transformation from the old Uzbek to the new Uzbek in less than thirty years of effort is a great victory for socialism. This should be a great encouragement to us Chinese. I wish you all good health. ”

July 19th

At six o'clock, I went to the airport, and the morning breeze was very chilly. The plane was already in the air, and it flew back, even if it took off. I feel tired in the plane and fall asleep all the time. Arrived at Akshubinsk at half past eleven, and still rested here, and everything was still the same. You can rest for an hour and then continue your take-off. Arrived in Moscow at 6:20 a.m. Moscow time is strangely three hours late.

After returning to the apartment, I learned that Ding Xilin had left Moscow this morning and returned to China, and found a note he had left behind in his closet.

This morning, I left Moscow by plane and returned home. When you arrive in Chongqing, you will see your wife and report your current situation. I hope to meet in Chongqing soon.

Xilin, July 19 at half past one morning.

Gathering for ten days, parting for ten days, once far away, quite feel that the room is too empty. I took a bath once, and after lunch, I was about to take a nap, and the person who delivered the fruit came. Fruits are flown back from Tashkent, pears, apricots, tomatoes, cucumbers, etc. Fruit is a treasure in Moscow, so I gave it away while it was fresh.

It was heard that China and the Soviet Union had issued a joint statement that Song Ziwen had left Moscow and returned to China before 5 o'clock, and that he would continue the talks after the Berlin Conference was over.

At 9 o'clock, Ambassador Fu was picked up by car, went to the meeting, and returned at 11 o'clock. It turned out that when US Vice President Wallace visited the Soviet Union last year, Ambassador Fu also went to Tashkent. There is still a Chinese consul in Tashkent, which was not known beforehand.

July 20th

In the morning, he polished his speech "Literary and Artistic Activities in Wartime China".

After lunch, Mrs. Su came and made an appointment to visit the History Museum. The museum is very well organized from the Paleolithic period to modern times. A complete history of the USSR is even more visualized. It's an excellent history education. In just half a day, between talking and laughing, one can review the history of the country or even the history of mankind, and the vigorous development of the new patriotism in the Soviet Union is not accidental.

Meet the Ukrainian Torry Porji (T

ipolji), dating from about four to five thousand years ago. This is also judged by scholars to be closely related to Babylonian faience. Although the color pattern is quite similar, it is thick and large. It seems to be less intimate with Babylonian faience than it is with Chinese faience and the latter.

There are several pieces of Hanwa, the text of which is "Long live the Son of Heaven for a thousand years", which was unearthed in 1941 in Krasnoyarsk Province of the Baikal region. The foundations of a purely Han Dynasty Chinese building were discovered by Professor P. Kiselev

of. Kiselev）。 According to the commentator: "The professor's intention is that it was built after Li Ling surrendered to the Xiongnu in 99 BC, and a detailed report should come out two months later." "I'd love to see the report. In my opinion, I am afraid that it will not be Li Ling's toe. The only items on display in the museum are waddang and a bronze animal ring, which are supposed to have been handed down from China. It was not possible to manufacture it on its own in the territory of the Northern Xiongnu. After Li Ling surrendered to the Xiongnu, although he reached the high position of King Zuoxian, he could not import these items from China. If there is more conclusive evidence in the excavations that can be concluded to be the relics of Li Ling, it is a different matter. If not, it may be that when the princess of the Han family got married, the royal family built this house as a companion in order to comfort her nostalgia. I also asked, what other items have been unearthed? The explainer also did not know the details, but said that there was still pottery.

There are two kang in the building for heating. The beast ring is gluttonous and horned, quite large, and its door is not small. The tile is also very large, and the house is not small. If this is found in the Baikal region, there can be no doubt that the North Sea where Suwu shepherds is Baikal ("Baikal" means the phonetic change of "Beihaier").

July 21

When you wake up in the morning, it rains. It didn't rain much.

At 10 o'clock, Comrade Qi came to jointly translate "Literary and Artistic Activities in Wartime China". During the middle of the translation, Hu Jibang came, TASS reporters came, Mrs. Su came, and Comrade Qi went first. A TASS reporter asked me how I felt about visiting the city of Tashkent and Tashkent, and I was given the opportunity to compile my impressions.

These are two contrasting cities. The city of Sri Lanka was the hardest hit by the war, while Tashkent was not directly affected by the war. But the great victory of the city of Sri Lanka was backed up by numerous great Tashkent constructions. I am very grateful to the President of the Association for Foreign Culture, Kemenov, who chose these two cities especially for us to see. We see the heroism of the Soviet Red Army, and at the same time the heroism of the Soviet people and Soviet scholars. Especially in myself, because I am Chinese, I have added infinite admiration and courage. China is still under the iron heel of the Japanese invaders, why can't we liberate the motherland like the heroes who defended Stalingrad? China has also been building for more than 30 years, so why can't we build our motherland into a peaceful and happy country like the people of Uzbekistan? Yes! But a premise is needed, that is, the country must truly become a country of the people, and only then can the people exert their own strength.

In the afternoon, I was going to visit the Museum of the Revolution, but Mrs. Su said that the museum was closed today and had to change its plans.

Hu Jibang proposed to visit the serf village. It is also a kind of museum, built on the manor house of the landlord in the serf era, and all the furnishings in it show the appearance of the serf era. However, when you go by car, the museum is under renovation and cannot be visited. We took a short walk in the garden outside the museum. Well, my head was aching because of the inflammation of the roots of my teeth, and it gradually calmed down after being washed by the fresh air in the forest.

When I returned to my apartment at half past three o'clock and ate in the cafeteria, I met the old diplomat couple who were on the same plane in Tehran again, and they were still smiling.

"Impressions of the Soviet Union" was written for broadcast.

In the evening, Zhu Qingyong came and invited him for a walk. Pass Red Square and walk to the river outside the Kremlin. The trail is very clean and there is a stone embankment on the shore to lean on. Talking about figures in Chinese history, Zhu Jun brought up Wang Anshi, Wang Mang, and Qin Shi Huang. Qin Shi Huang should be affirmed that he received credit for the unification of China. Although the trend of Chinese history has tended to be unified, Yu Wei, who succeeded to the sixth emperor of Qin Shi Huang, was vigorous and resolute, so it received the effect of water. Of course, when it comes to the meritorious deeds of the pioneering, we must not forget Shang Ying. On the enlightenment of thought, we must not forget Lü Buwei.

Zhu Jun said that some scholars in the Soviet Union also praised Qin Shi Huang, and some even advocated that the Han Dynasty and the Han Dynasty were still slaves. Zhuo Wenjun's father had thousands of servants, and Cheng Zheng also had hundreds of servants, which shows that it was still a slave production at that time. The famous "Zhang Anshi had 700 domestic servants, all of whom had skills to do things, and they were rich in the general Huo Guang", and the evidence of this slave production seems to be even more conclusive.

Slave production in China had begun to be abandoned in the late Spring and Autumn period, and after the Chen-Wu Revolution, it underwent a complete transformation. The examples of Zhuo and Cheng Zheng are just a phenomenon of contempt. Zhang Anshi's example is only a remnant of the previous era, and it is a special variation. If the Han Dynasty was still a slave, then the general Huo Guang should have more slaves than Zhang Anshi's, and they should all have skills. Zhang Anshi has 700 servants, all of whom have skills, and they will never be rich in general Huo Guang. Therefore, Zhang Anshi's example not only does not prove that the Han Dynasty was slavery, but on the contrary.

Slowly, I circled the Kremlin and sat for a moment in the grass garden to the north. It was already seven o'clock, the people in charge of the garden blew their whistles, and the visitors all withdrew from the grass garden.

After returning to the apartment, he received a call from the embassy, and tomorrow week, Ambassador Fu will make an appointment to go to the countryside for a visit, and a car will come to pick him up at half past ten.

July 22nd

At ten o'clock, Mrs. Su came, and it was rumored that tomorrow at eleven o'clock, the Oriental Studies University would ask me to give a lecture on linguistics, and I felt a little confused. Since I don't have any research on linguistics, how can I give a report? I suspect that the rumors are wrong, and I ask for a stop.

At half past ten, he drove with Hu Shize to the embassy. There were also three female guests who were entertained. One is a student of the School of Planned Economics, and Hu Jibang, a classmate, is quite old. One is a female writer who has translated Herman's plays in the United States, which is currently being staged. Another is an opera singer, originally from Spain, and his son is twenty years old.

The car travels east, and it takes about an hour to reach the silver pine forest. The village hall is an old-style farmhouse in the middle of a pine forest. There are quite flowers and plants in the garden, and there are Jesman in bloom, and its fragrance is very small. Hu Ji Bangyun, in the Soviet Union very few fragrant flowers. I think about the same in Japan, where orchids don't smell at all, and plum blossoms rarely smell good. This is undoubtedly due to the lack of something in the geology. The weather was very sunny, and I was going to sit on the ground in the pine forest to talk, but suddenly it rained heavily. The rain stopped after a while.

After lunch, there are all kinds of table games, but I am not an expert. There was music and dancing, and I could only watch from the wall.

At five o'clock, he returned with Secretary Qin in the same car. Qin Junyun will come again at half past eight to invite him to the embassy for dinner. When the time came, Qin Junguo came, and then went back together. Ambassador Fu and other guests have returned to the museum, and the food is purely Chinese style, which is quite palatable.

The furnishings in the embassy, the palace lamps, carpets, and the rosewood furniture, all of which are made in China, are quite magnificent. The architecture is also quite exquisite, and it is said that in the imperial Russian era, a nobleman bought a special property for his favorite concubine. After the revolution, the aristocracy went to life, and the favored concubine was depressed, and he repeatedly asked to serve in the embassy, but he failed to do so. As a result, a secret was discovered. This secret is revealed in a letter written to his favorite concubine by a nobleman who has fled abroad. Two gem crates were hidden in the walls of the bathroom, and one on top of a wooden cupboard. According to the map, all of them were harvested. The one that was placed on the wooden cupboard, after many years, was not noticed, which is a surprising thing.

July 23rd

At 9 o'clock, Comrade Qi came and continued to translate "Literary and Artistic Activities in Wartime China." At half-past eleven o'clock, the representative of the Oriental University came and asked me to give a report, and I had to ask for a rescheduling because I was unprepared. As the clock approached, the translation was completed.

At three o'clock, I went out to visit the Museum of the Revolution. Much of the content is the same as that exhibited in the Lenin Museum, and Lenin is inseparable from the revolution. The relics after Lenin's death are mostly concentrated in Stalin, and Stalin is inseparable from the revolution.

There is a model of an underground chamber in which Lenin and Stalin worked lurking, with only a well-shaped passage, which must be circumnavigated by side caves, but it was still cracked. This kind of hard-working and typical underground work spirit is inspiring.

In the past years, the October Revolution Festival has been displayed with gifts from various countries. Souvenirs of Stalin's 60th birthday are displayed in a special room. All kinds of gifts are carefully structured, and they are extremely exquisite. One of the Chinese ones found in longevity is to write black characters on a red satin, which is the simplest one. Fortunately, the red and black are distinct, and at a glance, everyone knows that it is something Chinese.

At 8 o'clock in the evening, the International Cultural Association had a farewell party to see off Dr. John Sun, and he was invited to attend. There were a lot of guests. The old doctor's spirits were very refreshed. The association presented a large oil portrait with a childish face, smiling at each other, and the old doctor's state of mind can be known. Those who plant melons get melons, sow beans and get beans, and those who plant benevolent friendships get benevolent friendships, and here they are plump and visualized. But there are also seeds of land that are not only not fruitful, but scatter and rock, and the hearts of the Soviet people are vividly presented before my eyes, and there is no certainty in the slightest.

Meet Borodin here. I hadn't seen him for nearly twenty years, and at first I didn't recognize him, but he himself greeted me first. He said he was getting old, and I hadn't changed at all. Borodin did not see any old elephants, and seemed to be more robust than he had been during the Northern Expedition. The tuft of burnt yellow whiskers that bulged out on the upper lip also seemed to be more powerful. He is the editor of the English-language Moskva newspaper, the only newspaper I can read in Moscow, and I thank him. He seemed to be a little evasive of me, and walked away without saying a few words to me. I would love to say to him, "The Chinese people remember you and have not forgotten you"; But I didn't get a chance to say it.

There was music, there was dancing, and I could only watch from a corner of the wall. Gorbatov, the author of "I'd rather die than give in", came to me and asked: Are you unhappy? Yes, it should be thrown away. Why not dance when it's time to be happy?

All I said was: I can't dance.

Gorbatov also said: I can't dance either.

As a result, they laughed at each other. But I feel that he has vision after all, and I really have hidden worries in my heart that I can't release. I envy the Soviet people and Soviet writers, whose country was successfully built and whose war was victorious, and who were able to be sincerely happy. But can I?

Golbatov was about the same height as me, quite capable, straightforward, and really had the demeanor of "preferring to die rather than yielding".

The children's poet Marshak is also there. He praised Chinese painting to me, but lamented that he had no chance to come close to Chinese poetry. He asked Lao She, who had selected a few of his poems in a booklet of Selected Chinese Poems.

INTERVIEWER China also introduced my poems, and I am very happy. I would love to read more Chinese poetry. Are there also child poets in China?

"Are there also child poets in China?" I can't answer it myself. I had to bear to say: no. Our Chinese poets and writers seem to have not been very liberated from the literati habits of the scientific expedition era in previous years, and they write poems and essays for their own fame, and the target is readers who can give themselves fame or profit. Chinese children are even less valuable than chickens and ducks, and they are thrown everywhere alive, how can they write poetry or literature for them! But after all, I am still a "patriot", and I have not "publicized" these "family ugliness". I was also asked by a number of people about Dr. Mei Lanfang. Dr. Mei's stay in the Soviet Union was very impressive, and his acting and Chinese painting seem to be the two major elements that are considered to represent Chinese culture. This was appropriate in respect of the national form of the Soviet Union, but it seems that we should have a more circuitous introspection here. Our old things are naturally good, this is the so-called "quintessence", we have long known to preserve; But what we reflect the new era and express the new life has not yet been fully valued. What exactly should we do?

July 24th

At 10:30 a.m., I visited the Lenin Library, where I was received by the Minister of the Oriental Department, Ms. Seleva, and was very courteous. The lady is extremely short and has a sudden gaze, which is quite similar to a Japanese woman. There are 10 million books in the library. Most of the books in the Oriental Department are ordinary books, including the Manchu "Five Classics" and the "Four Serials". (The Four Serials was supposed to be 4,000 copies, but only 2,000 were received in the library.) The minister asked me: Is it not yet published? I don't know exactly what it is. There are manuscripts, mostly maps, "Chaohui Map", "Guizhou Seedling Prevention Area Map" and various "Yimin Map", all of which are Qing Dynasty objects. In addition, there are still music and the like, the catalog is not complete, I don't know if there are other precious treasures.

The museum is divided into two parts: the old and the new. The old building was quite narrow, and the new building is very large, but it is not yet finished.

I heard that this year's ** has spent 6 million rubles for the construction cost, and if it cannot be completed by the end of the year, it will be completed by the end of next spring.

The deputy curator was also a woman, with huge eyes shining and very majestic.

At 5 o'clock, the representative of the University of Oriental Studies returned to negotiate the lecture and decided to give a lecture on "The Two Lines of Chinese Literature" at 11 a.m. on the morning of 26 July. According to Yun, the school is divided into six parts: Chinese, Japanese, Mongolian, Iranian, Turkish, Arabic, and Afghani, and only studies language, history, and geography. The rector is Dr. D. Feschenko

. Feice

ko), the head of the Chinese Department is Professor P. Gorotokoff

of. Ko

otkov), and Professor E. Shangyin (P

of. Osha

i

), teaching "Sayings".

July 25th

Gastrointestinal disorders, decide to fast.

At 10 o'clock, go to Kropotkin Street and visit the Tolstoy Museum. It rained, and after several inquiries on the way, the site of the museum was obtained.

There are 10 rooms in the museum, and an elderly woman serves as an explanation. Built in 1817 by the Italian engineer Grigori, the building was not lived here during his lifetime. In the first room, there is only a bronze statue of Toon. The second room is the signature office. The third room is very large, and it is the information of Yasriya Poliya's country house and family. Room 4, information about Sepastopoli. Room 5, on War and Peace, was an original manuscript of 2,500 pages, revised 11 times, and took five years. The model of Duke Balconsky was Toon's maternal grandfather, and the big-eyed Maria was his mother. Room 6, about "Anna Karenina", written at the age of forty-eight and revised four times. During this period, textbooks were written for farmers and children. The seventh room, later life. Room 8, about "Resurrection". Room 9, on "Hadru Moulangmo" and before and after his death. The 10th chamber of Dekou atrocities. Deko occupied Jastoya Polya for forty-five days, destroyed it, and tried to set it on fire, but to no avail. The display materials are extremely rich. Bronze statues, portraits, photographs, pictures, manuscripts, proofs, diaries, book slips, prints, translations from various countries, letters from foreign scholars or writers, illustrations in prints, environments and models in various works, etc. There is very little information about China, and only in the tenth room can you see a copy of the "War and Peace" version of the "Fifties", an adapted play "Resurrection" signed by Xia Yan, a five-line score composed by Sheng Jialun, and an autograph for the "Resurrection" performance on May 18, 1943.

At four o'clock, he visited the Mayakovsky Museum and received two sets of complete works, two film recordings and others.

The museum is the Ma Residence, which was located from 1926 to 1930. Upstairs, the entrance to the door is hung as before. The canteen and reception room, the dormitory and study, and all the furnishings are the same.

There was a bottle of champagne in the glass case in the canteen. During the war, the female librarians did not retreat, and swore that if the enemy was driven back, after arriving from Moscow to Smolensk, they would open the bottle to celebrate, so it was now empty and placed in the cupboard.

The giraffes that Ma can draw, and the giraffes that he caricatures during conversations with people are still preserved. You can also make your own simple furniture, and there are curved rulers and triangles hanging on the walls in the bedroom. During his lifetime, he worked as a reporter for 50 newspapers and magazines, and his press cards were kept in a glass box. He has traveled three times and called himself a "poet ambassador".

All important relics from the war have been deposited in the ground. Houses and objects are detailed in order to be restored in case everything is destroyed.

There is a small lecture room and library downstairs. The collection in the library is all Ma's works and related books. The only Chinese sources are the first issue of "Wild Grass" published in Guilin, two copies of "Popular Literature and Art" published in Yan'an, and one copy of "Xinhua Supplement", and so on.

Outside the museum there is a garden, which was converted to potatoes during the war, but is now half deserted, and it is said that a tank named "Mayakovsky" will be driven and displayed here.

During the visit, the poet's famous words constantly came to mind.

For the poet it is not eight hours,

Rather, eighteen hours of daylight.

Poetry is like the mining of radium.

mining one gram of radium,

It takes a year's labor.

You use all your strength

A thousand tons of word blocks were mined,

Just for

One word.

Among the exhibits was a bullet-pierced book of Ma's poems, which had been sent from Stalingrad by Red Army combatant Kirillov in December 1942 and had not left it during the city's most difficult days. After the visit, I wrote this impression in the commemorative book according to Ma's poem. "Offensive class" is Ma's term.

Revolutionary

poet

"Offensive class".

Great son.

Chinese

I have known it for a long time

Your name.

Your singing

Like a storm

Flew over

Central Asia.

Whatever

mountain

desert

ocean

I can't stop it

You!

you

tank car,

speed aircraft,

Apostle of Truth,

Your time

be

Century Forever!

July 26

Chencao's "Two Lines of Chinese Literature" was completed at 9 o'clock. This can be said to be a summary of the history of the development of Chinese literature. The origin of literature is collective creation, collective enjoyment, and collective keeping. Since there has been a division within society, there has also been a division in literature. The so-called orthodox literature in general is to take the upper class, and the more it goes, the more narrow it becomes, and the more it goes, the more rigid it becomes. The collective creation, collective enjoyment, and collective retention remain in the people, taking the lower route. This kind of work is despised by orthodox literature, and it is considered that it is not enough to be elegant. But when orthodox literature comes to a dead end, it always looks up to those who are not enough to ascend to the hall of elegance to transfuge blood, and when those who are not enough to ascend to the hall of elegance ascend to the hall of elegance, they become more and more narrow, and they become more and more sluggish. Chinese literature has repeatedly taken such a circuitous path. Our efforts are to make our literature the literature of the people, always following its original path.

Comrade Van Sikov of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and representatives of the Eastern University arrived one after another. Comrade Wan was also willing to attend the lecture, and we waited for the bus together until 12 o'clock before we had to leave. The university is located on the northern outskirts of Moscow, 20 minutes by car. Professor Golotov, Minister of Chinese, greeted him at the school gate. Professor Ge, who was the most proficient in Chinese, was guided upstairs by him to the rector's office to talk to Dr. Feshinko, and after a little refreshment, he began to speak in another room. There were about 40 speakers. While I was giving a recitation-style speech according to my original manuscript, Professor Ge translated it in response, which requires a great deal of skill to do. At the end of the two hours, the audience seemed to welcome it.

After returning to the apartment, I took a deep nap, and when I woke up, it was already half past five o'clock when I looked at my watch. Lisan called, saying that he would visit at six o'clock, and the result would come. Sue me for the news of the victory of the Labour Party in the British election. It was a surprise.

July 27

At ten o'clock, I went back to the History Museum to expand the "Son of Heaven Long Live Changle Weiyang" Wadang. A total of three, two of each, with one left to the museum.

The four characters of "Son of Heaven and Thousand Autumns" are in the center, and the remaining six characters are listed left and right: the same as the ordinary money order. The words are all anti-book. There is a fire in the autumn character, but because the fire is too big, there is no gap, so the word is not written completely, so that the people who wear the chisel may think that the Han people autumn fire two words are universal. At half past three o'clock, Yang Xinsong came to invite him to make a broadcast. Radio heard that it was the Oriental University that used to admit Chinese students. The director of the Far East of the radio station, Kormiff, personally entertained each other, and because they spoke Japanese, they felt very convenient for each other. The broadcast must be recorded at the same time, and the sound must be auditioned twice before the broadcast begins, which is very thoughtful. The broadcast lasted about 10 minutes. When I finished, I heard the recording playing, and it didn't look like I was talking.

Yang Xinsong and Sun Keying (i.e., Sun Weishi) drove me back to my apartment in the same car. Yang Jun said that he came to Moscow as a child, initially as an apprentice tailor. Later, he went to Vladivostok, where he lived for a long time before returning to Moscow. When he was given the opportunity to study, he devoted himself to the study of Chinese philosophy. Before the war, he taught the history of Chinese philosophy at a university, and only after the war began did he come to serve on the radio. The fact that I went from an apprentice tailor to a university professor was a special respect for me. He asked me to give him the original transcript of the broadcast, and I gladly agreed.

Keying is the ** of his deceased friend Sun Bingwen. Bingwen was betrayed by Chu Minyi and killed in Shanghai in 1927, when Keying seemed to be only two years old. Before and after "August 13", I once saw it in Shanghai, and later came to Yan'an. Six years ago, Enlai came to Moscow with his arms folded to seek medical treatment, and Keying was brought with him, and now he is an adult, and I don't know him at all. She studied drama here, and was told that she had good grades and that she was fluent in Russian than those who had lived in Moscow for a long time. During the summer break at school, she temporarily assisted with work on the radio. She asked about Enlai's health with concern. I forwarded the Yan'an version of "The Three Hundred Years of Jiashen" that Enlai gave me to her. She asked me for a speech on "The Two Lines of Chinese Literature", and I gave it to her. She said she was there at the time of the lecture and had greeted me at the school gate. I didn't notice it at all. She heard that I was going to give a presentation at the International Cultural Association in the evening, and she was worried that I was doing too much work in a day. Actually, what is it, I would like to be very busy, and the busier I am, the more I can sweep away unnecessary worries in my heart.

At 7 o'clock, Comrade Wanxikov and Comrade Qi Hewen came together and immediately went to the Foreign Cultural Association in the same car. President Kemenov and Vice President Karakanov received us very warmly. The lecture was already packed, mostly the faces they had met at Dr. John Sun's farewell party. We started reporting immediately. I reported on "Literary and Artistic Activities in Wartime China," and I read the original manuscript, Comrade Qi read the translation, and each of them read one section in pairs, and it took about an hour to finish. Comrade Qi continued to report "Soviet Wartime Literature in China," which also took an hour. Mr. Qi's speech is very innocent, his voice is also very loud, and the report is very impressive.

After the report, there was also a drinking banquet and a dance. The vice president asked me to keep the manuscript as a souvenir, and I happily agreed.

July 28th

At 10 o'clock, Ms. Simonivskaya of the Institute of History and Ms. Seleva of the Lenin Library came to visit, and Ms. Xi was able to speak Chinese. Both of them were listening to a lecture at the Literary Association last night. The purpose of the visit was to ask me to help gather materials. They are all preparing their dissertations for the PhD exam.

Ms. Xi is studying the Tang Dynasty poet Yuan Zhen, and she needs Yuan Zhen's "Changqing Collection" and "Ten Rules of the West Chamber".

Ms. Jie was studying the "28 January" incident in 1932, and she asked for all the materials on the military, politics, economy, and so on at that time. It seems that there is no specific collection of these materials in China, and I only introduced Chen Zhenru and hoped that she would correspond directly with him.

The British Labour Party won a resounding victory, winning 389 seats. The Conservatives suffered a crushing defeat and won only 1,800 seats. Labour Atri has formed a government and Churchill has been hired as a political adviser. The change was so sudden that not only did not the average person expect it, but also Churchill and Atri themselves. In this election, the 1 million soldiers who have not yet been demobilized have not had time to vote, and if they do, the ratio of victory and defeat will probably be even more divided. This is an expression of the will of the British people. The Conservative Party's policies did not solve the post-war problems, and the people naturally turned their backs on them, and the situation after the First European War magnified the lens even more. After the First European War, the Conservative Party lost ground and the Labour Party rose in its place; But as soon as the Labour Party came to power, it immediately leaned to the right, and MacDonald and his ilk became knighted and became aristocrats, so the Labour Party was judged by the people. This Labour victory should be another test. If its leaders follow MacDonald's steps and sell their political opinions for the sake of power, the judgment will inevitably be even harsher in the future.

At 3 p.m., we will visit the T. Trechakovska Gallery

etyakovska-ya Galle

eya), paintings and sculptures from the Middle Ages to modern times, it is said that there are 25,000 pieces in the collection, and only 2,000 pieces are on display, but it is already a big view.

The old paintings are almost entirely religious, and I don't feel interested. About the serfdom of Pilov (Pe

ov), I think it's the best, it's in the same spirit as the novels of Gogoli and Tolstoy. This spirit of critical reality seems to have always been the mainstream of Russian painting.

But I'm a layman, and I only watched it for a while and a half. This kind of tyrannical view cannot be correctly perceived. If an expert had come here, it would have taken several days to taste a certain painting or a carving, right?

On the way home, I mentioned that I wanted to see a movie, "Berlin" ("Be

li

It's being screened, and I've heard people say it's well edited. The guide, Mrs. Su, agreed to buy a ticket for me and agreed to reply at 9 o'clock. Mrs. Su came after ten o'clock, she said, the ticket is not easy to buy, you can only watch the last show, it is at eleven o'clock. At the same time before 20 a.m., the cinema hall was located at the "Capital Hotel" (Hotel Met) not far away

opolis). It's really crowded with people watching. The film is a record of the Battle of Berlin, but it is cleverly edited. The situation at the time of the battle and the situation when Hitler was proud were always contrasted and used to make the most of the vivid and lively things. Berlin was in ruins, and the citizens were fighting for food and embarrassment beyond imagination, and an old woman was scraping water from the mouth of a watermill with her fingers. What is it that makes them what they are? This should be thought-provoking. The only fly in the ointment I felt was that I didn't take Hitler alive and let him see for himself the sins he had inflicted on his countrymen.

It was 12:10 p.m. at the end. When I met him on the street, Mrs. Su told him that she was going to take me to the Military Museum tomorrow afternoon, and asked him to try to send a car.

July 29th

The day before yesterday, China, the United States, and Britain jointly announced that they would persuade Japan to surrender unconditionally. Today's report reported by the Japanese Alliance News that Japan does not attach importance to this advice and will continue to fight to the end.

Revolutionary worker Alliluyev died at the age of seventy-nine. Lenin and Stalin often gathered at their homes when they were doing underground work, and Chairman Kalinin and others mourned for it. At eleven o'clock, Zhu Qingyong came and went for a walk on the banks of the Moscow River. The weather is fast and sunny, and there are more people selling ice cream on the streets, and a pack of ten rubles can reach four customers in Chongqing. We bought two packs. Walking on the streets while eating at the same time was the usual habit in the Soviet Union. Zhu Junyu "Capital Hotel", invited to have lunch, should be. The "capital" is not as clean as the "country", and I heard that international journalists mostly live here. Zhu Jun's room is full of books, and I feel that he does still retain the attitude of a scholar. He told me that he still wanted to be a professor when he returned to China. I think that would be a better thing.

We talked about the issue of women in the USSR. There can be no doubt that women in the Soviet Union have won equal work opportunities and treatment with men, and have been mobilized in both material and spiritual production. The problem of marriage has become very serious, and divorce is no longer so easy, especially if a person with party membership wants to divorce, it will affect his (or her) status in the party or society. The regulations for the protection of motherhood were also revised, and before the war, mothers who had eleven children were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, but after the war there were only seven.

Zhu Jun asked me a question: the status of men and women is equal, but there are very few women in political or other leaders. It seems to me that it is only a matter of time. The Soviet Union was only 278 years old, and if it were another 278 years, the situation might be different.

With regard to the protection of the family system, the Soviet Union was not going backwards. When men and women receive equal education and equal status, marital tragedies are reduced. In such a reasonable society, if there is still a divorce, of course, it must be judged by another scale.

Wait for the car in the afternoon, and arrive at 4 o'clock. When you visit the Military Museum, you will find only memorabilia and captured items from the Great Patriotic War.

In 1941, Germany lacked cold preparations, and used newspapers as shoulders and grass as long shoes, which attracted people's attention. A large number of German flags were captured, including antiquities from 1813. The slogans of the German leaflets contain a lot of arrogant statements: one example is: "De

Russe muss ste

be

damit wi

lebe

！ ”

"The Russians must die so that we can live!" For the sake of the life of one nation, another nation must be killed, what is this saying? This slogan alone is enough to arrest Hitler, Goebbels and the like, and break them into pieces!

There were also war-weary among the German soldiers. There is a large wooden ankh with a louse painted in the center. This is the work of a German soldier. The German ankh, with a flying eagle in the center, uses lice instead of eagles, and wood instead of metal, which clearly indicates war-weariness or anti-war. In normal times, this can only be regarded as the work of a madman. However, when everything goes crazy, value occurs in inversion.

The souvenir includes the fallen General Vatudi

Relics, remnants of wooden sticks eaten by captured Russian soldiers, various exploits in the defense of Moscow and Stalingrad, statue of the mayor of Stalingrad with a sword, plaster statue of General Chuikov, etc.

The wooden bullets in the promotional materials of Shengna are very interesting. When propaganda materials are scattered by airplanes, if they are scattered, they will be blown away in the air, and if they are not easy to fall to the destination point, they are thrown in the form of wooden bullets. This is a simple invention that we have been propagating against the enemy for many years, but we have never thought of it. The Japanese didn't think of it either.

Next to the museum is a large park (I don't remember its name, but there is a "Red Army Theater" in the middle of the street outside the park, which is the only sign I can remember), and there are many tourists, such as festivals. We went inside for a while to watch the court game. There is also a small theater in the park, where Tolstoy's "Dark Light" is being staged. The guide insisted on going to see it, but I was tired and sat in the woods for a while, and when the car came, I came back early.

July 30th

I went to bed at 10 o'clock last night and woke up this morning, still not very comfortable. Dry eyes, dry throat, about too much smoking.

Hu Jibang came, and said that Wang Shijie was reappointed as foreign minister, and he would soon come with Song Ziwen to continue Sino-Soviet negotiations. Many of the people in the embassy moved out to stay in hotels in order to make room for the legations. She has now moved to the "Capital Hotel". We went to a big restaurant on Gorky Avenue to eat ice cream, and there were still four customers in Chongqing, and we also walked back to the Moscow River. Beneath the Kremlin is the Bodhi Grove, which is said to have a slight fragrance when it blooms. Broke up with me in front of the underground driveway and made an appointment to eat lamb at a Caucasian restaurant in the evening.

At one o'clock in the afternoon, Minister Fumimatsu came to Stanislavsky Street to see the exhibition of lacquerware, which was the work of the Pačihe, Machera, Fedosino, and Harui peoples, and the style was about the same, and it was based on the unique techniques of the nation and the improvement of modern art. Lacquer paintings, many copies of famous paintings, there are Tolstoy statues, there are Don Quixote and windmill battle diagrams, etc., very exquisite. This method can also be imitated in our country, but it is a pity that the people who shout every day to preserve the quintessence of the country do not pay any attention to the protection of the craftsman and let it annihilate.

At seven o'clock, Hu Jibang came again and went to the Caucasian restaurant, near the University of Marnelie on Gorky Street. Each person ate a plate of lettuce, a plate of roast lamb, used two glasses of wine, drank a bottle of mineral springs, and cost three hundred rubles. (Sixty US dollars, or 93,000 yuan in current legal tender.) I heard that this is already three times cheaper than in wartime.

On the way home, they encountered rain and hurried back to their apartments.

July 31

Last night, it rained heavily, the roof tiles and gardens were wet, and the wind was chilly.

At 12 o'clock we went to visit the museum of the poet Lermontov.

The poet was born in Moscow in 1814 to a family of retired soldiers, who lost his mother at the age of three and was fostered in the estate of his maternal grandmother in Tarkhan, a wealthy aristocratic family. There was often discord between the father and the grandmother, as he was reluctant to give up his son to her. This painful experience and the situation of the estate under serfdom left a permanent mark in the poet's psyche.

In 1830 he entered Moscow University, where he did not find a friendly environment, often clashed with some conservative professors, suffered retaliation for failing exams, and had to leave the university after only two years.

He then entered the Guards Officer School in Petersburg (Leningrad). After graduating in 1834, he received his military qualifications. The young and versatile soldier was popular in high society in Petersburg, but he felt "lonely and sad in the noise of music and dance, in the murmur of the wild", and "in the midst of the upset of the soul, there was no one to shake hands." The poet has long been a traitor, in opposition to the ruling class.

In February 1837, Pushkin was killed in a duel with a scoundrel who was in fact a murderer sent by the Tsar's court. This incident angered Lermontov so strongly that he wrote a poem entitled "The Death of a Poet", in which he denounced the ruling class as "the executioner of genius and freedom". This stunned Tsar Nicholas I, who saw that Pushkin, who had just died, had been resurrected by his corpse. As a result, Lermontov's life suffered even more until his death.

The poet was sent to the Caucasus for "The Death of the Poet", but the great nature of the Caucasus and the fighting spirit of the Decembrists who wandered there enriched the poet's life.

After a year of wandering life, he returned to Petersburg, and around this time was the first period of Lai's creation. His first self-printed work, Borodino, appeared in 1837, and Tolstoy called the "seed" of War and Peace. In 1838, the great critic Belinsky "Songs about the Merchant Krasnikov" appeared: "It proves the kinship of the poet's spirit with the people's spirit." ”

In the spring of 1840 struck again, simply because of a duel with the son of the French minister, he was exiled to the Caucasus. At this time, he had fought in the war and acted very bravely. His commander had asked ** for pardon for his past sins, at which point he sneaked back to Petersburg to ask for instructions, but the result was that he was given twenty-four hours to return to the Caucasus.

Those "executioners of genius and freedom" are naturally not satisfied with merely sliding poets around. They instigated a rogue, Martinov, to ask for a duel under the pretext that Lermontov's novel "The Heroes of the World" exposed his own selfishness, and the poet only fired his gun into the sky, but the hooligan ruthlessly completed the executioner's task. This was on July 27, 1841, when the poet was only twenty-seven years old.

This is a specimen of the culture destroyed by the authoritarian devils.

In the museum, there are many materials about the life and creation of the poet, such as pictures and photos. Poets are also good at painting, and painting is also excellent in specialized fields. If it is not destroyed, I don't know how many greater achievements will be left behind.

August 1

I am also among those who have been asked for a special collection of foreign scholars' impressions of the Academy of Sciences. I wrote early in the morning, and because I was in fact unable to attend the commemorative meeting, I wrote only some general impressions of Soviet academia.

In the afternoon, visit the Ostovsky Museum. This is the author of "How Steel Is Made" and "Born from the Storm", both of which have been translated in China.

Auster, a native of Western Ukraine, was born in 1904. The family is very poor, with two sisters and one brother. He was a beggar for a living, but his mother would never let her son live such an unproductive life. At a very young age, he went to hard labor, working as a messenger in a hotel, and the heavy burden was always more than he could have.

After that, he joined the Communist Youth League and worked hard to study on his own, completing the five-year university course in two years. He repeatedly took part in the anti-Polish war for the liberation of the Ukrainian people, was wounded on the front line. Later, he suffered from enteric typhoid fever, severe neuralgia, and a stroke that left him paralyzed and blinded. At this time, he was only twenty-four years old.

This fighter, who is like the embodiment of dedication, is thus bound and penetrated in a thousand kinds of suffering that can make people cry blood, and the door of his struggle seems to be completely cut off. However, he was the son of steel "born out of the storm", and he did not discourage his fighting spirit in the slightest, and he chose the weapon of literature and art, and in his blind and paralyzed darkness, he played a dazzling iron fire with a thousand rays of light.

When he started writing, he was able to barely do it himself. He dug out horizontal blank spaces with hard paper, covered them over the manuscript paper, and wrote in the blank spaces in order to barely make it through. Later, even this degree of automaticity was lost, and he only slept in bed and dictated and asked people to write it down. In this context, his two works, "How Steel is Made" and "Born from the Storm," were produced. The former was awarded the Lenin Medal.

He was very fond of Moscow and would like to live in the central part of Moscow. In 1930 he moved to Moscow, where he lived in the current museum until his death in 1936. All the furnishings of his living room are preserved in their original state. It was a long room, with a bed resting against the wall on the left hand and a typewriter on a small coffee table at the head of the bed.

Parallel to the bed on the right hand, there is a sofa with a large bookcase in front of it and a window wall facing the street. On the left wall behind the bookcase is an electric light covered with a red scarf.

The curator of the museum was Mrs. Otto, and she led me to the dormitory, untied a red rope that stood in the way, and made me sit down on the sofa. She said: When Ostovsky was alive, he was very fond of friends, especially young people. My friends came and sat on the couch. He prefers people dancing in front of his bed. He once said that a person who doesn't know how to dance doesn't know life.

Madame turned on the gramophone on the bookcase and let me listen to Austein's radio speech to the 18th Congress of the Communist Youth of Ukraine. The voice is powerful, and it is by no means like a patient. Madame also spoke of the difficulties in recording. Ao Shi slept there to broadcast all by secret recitation, unable to read the original manuscript, and no one else could prompt for him, so he had to tie a string to his hand, and in case there was a mistake, he would pull the thread to attract attention. However, O'S memory is very good, and his speech has no twists and turns.

Such a fighter is truly inspiring. His work is thus made of life, and he is different from ordinary professional writers, but critics say that what he writes is more powerful and vivid than Ehrenburg's. "How Steel is Made" is translated into English, German and French. On the shelf there is a Japanese translation by Yoshiyoshi Sugimoto, published by Hakuyosha in 1936. Mrs. Ao took it down and begged me for an explanation, and I translated the preface to her.

I was asked to write my impressions in the memorial book, and I wrote them.

Fighting for the liberation of the people in the midst of hardships and hardships is really like iron being tempered by fire in a furnace, and you have become steel after all.

Although your eyes are blind, you can see farther than anyone else, and see more carefully, thoroughly, correctly, and brightly.

Although your body is paralyzed, your fighting spirit is more abundant than anyone else's, and your ability to work is stronger than anyone else's.

Although your life is gone, your spirit is pinned on everyone who fights for truth, justice, and the people.

You, the embodiment of devotion, the conqueror of all suffering, always sing the triumphant song of the triumph of truth, the example of your youth for all generations.

For two days in a row, I saw the museum of the two writers, which was a wonderful comparison. In particular, there are two kinds of political attitudes towards literary and artistic artists, one is to fear that literary and artistic artists will not die early, and the other is to exhaust all kinds of methods to make them live one more day. "I'm not afraid of not knowing the goods, I'm only afraid of comparing the goods", although some of the tsar's sub-streams still have a clear conscience and turn black into white.

August 2nd

Reading "The History of the Civil War in the Soviet Union" all day long, no one disturbed me, and I felt quite relaxed. At 4:30 p.m., I visited the Institute of Philosophy. This is in the same building as the Institute of History, but on the third floor.

Director Svetlov, Deputy Director Rubi

stei

Vasechkii, director of the Department of History and Philosophy, was also the host, and Yang Xinsong was the translator. Let me first report on the situation in the Chinese philosophical circles. This was followed by the Director's report.

The institute is divided into six departments: the first department of philosophy, the second department of dialectical materialism, the third department of historical materialism, the fourth department of natural science, the fifth department of philosophy of art, and the sixth department of psychology. There are research classes and 30 people outside the six departments, and Yang Xinsong is in charge of the history of Chinese thought and religion here.

The following are currently being carried out by the philosophical community of the Soviet Union:

First, the compilation of the history of Russian philosophy, edited by Vashetzyk, director of the Department of Philosophy and History.

II. History of the Philosophy of the Peoples of Russia.

III. History of European Philosophy in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century (History of World Philosophy, Vol. III).

Fourth, the history of Marxist philosophy.

These are tomes. More common than this, there are logical textbooks, dialectical materialism and historical materialism for universities (to be published by the end of the year), and the history of Western philosophy for universities (Alexanderov's new book), etc.

As a special study, there are:

One, Leonov (Leo

ov) of the dialectical method (large works).

Second, Rez

Ikov's magnum opus work on epistemology, "The Problem of Understanding in the Context of Modern Linguistics".

Third, Peshevsky's "Theory of Criticism of German Patriarchalism" (this is within the scope of historical materialism).

Fourth, with regard to social problems, attention is paid to the synthesis of scientific theories such as "The Relations of Soviet Society" and "The Sources of New Patriotism" with modern life.

Philosophical theories about the natural sciences are:

First, the "Law of Causality by Physical Chemistry", which was chaired by Vavilov, Dean of the School of Philosophy. Some reactionary scholars in Europe and the United States believe that the law of cause and effect has been shaken, and this work is a refutation of this reactionary theory.

Second, Yanovskaya (Ya

Ovskaya, Lenin's "Critical Commentary on Materialism and Experience" and Mathematical Problems.

Three, Dr. Kid

ov) "Synthesis of Chemistry from Theoretical Aspects". As for the Department of Philosophy of Fine Arts, the director of this department is the president of the Association for Foreign Culture, Kemenov, and his works include:

I. History of Russian Art in the Nineteenth Century.

2. Marxism and Fine Arts.

With regard to the Faculty of Psychology, the scope of research is: 1. Theoretical issues in general psychology; second, human psychology; third, the psychology of animals (as a source of human thought or for practicality); IV. History of Psychology. Publications in the compilation include:

One, O. O

oistei

(revised reprint). II. Dr. Kiderov's Textbook of Psychology.

The director told me in great detail about these works, and I felt that the philosophers of the Soviet Union had a tendency to pay special attention to history in addition to dialectical materialism and historical materialism, and not to despise all kinds of basic scholarships, such as logic and psychology. This seems to be worth our reference.

The conversation came to an end, and the director led him to visit the various research rooms. It's not very large, it's a bit like a lecture hall, with one researcher and one seat. Because during the summer vacation, most of the researchers went on vacation elsewhere, and there were only three or five people left.

When I returned to the apartment at seven o'clock, when I passed by Moscow University, Yang Xinsong showed me the instruction "nuclear physics" on the enrollment board. He told me that the physical and chemical scientists of the Soviet Union were concentrating on the study of atomic energy and wanted to use great force to break through the atomic nucleus, so he also talked about the question of cosmic rays. I asked Yang Jun to come back to the apartment at night to talk in detail, and at about nine o'clock, he arrived.

After the discovery of radioactive materials such as radium and uranium on earth, the test of radioactive energy has become a common issue in the scientific community. After leaving a certain height of the ground, the radioactive energy on the ground will gradually decrease and disappear, but after the results of the high-altitude test, there is a opposite phenomenon, that is, there is a more powerful radioactive energy, which is as powerful as day and night. It is more powerful than anything currently known to the scientific community. For example, X-rays, although they have a powerful penetrating ability, can be resisted by a one-inch thick lead plate, while this high-altitude radiation can penetrate an eighteen feet thick lead plate, 900 feet deep water, and 1,600 feet thick rock. This is definitely not everything on earth, hence the name "Co-ic Rays". Its nature is unknown, and it is unknown where it came from in the universe. If this powerful cosmic ray is used to impact atoms, the nucleus of the atom will be easily broken and atomic energy will be emitted. Soviet scientists were also concentrating on the study of cosmic rays, even during the height of the war.

Then he talks about the novelties of medicine and agriculture.

I know about medicine, corneal transplantation. The transplantation of the heart is said to have been successful in experiments with frogs. Cancer has also been cured radically.

Regarding agriculture, there are already perennial wheats in Siberia, and hundreds of species of boreal fruit trees have been invented. These efforts were led by Dr. Qi Qing, who patiently carried out all kinds of mating experiments, and the results were successful. Fruit trees in the cold zone, hardy and early-maturing, lying on the ground to prevent wind damage. In this way, thanks to the improvement of seeds, there are ways to use places that were previously unsuitable for planting.

In addition, the use of chemical fertilizers and water reservoirs has also turned the vast barren lands of Central Asia into fertile fields. I have seen this with my own eyes in Tashkent, but it is said that it is especially pronounced in the area of Lake Balkhaxu in the Republic of Kazakhstan. There are two types of farms: Soviet farms and collective farms. The Soviet farms were state-run, large-scale, highly mechanized, electrified, and equipped like cities. Collective farms are privately owned, renting land and machinery from the state for collective farming. A certain percentage of the harvest income shall be contributed** as land tax and machinery consumption fee, and a certain percentage shall be used as the farm community chest and savings, and the rest shall be distributed by the farm members according to the work unit. The peasants were very wealthy, and every one of them donated an airplane, and the loss of the plane was made up again.

Mechanization status quo, using tractors to plough the land, using Combein machines to harvest, using aircraft to sow seeds, fertilize, loose pesticides to kill insects, etc. There are car bathhouses for workers to bathe.

August 3rd

At 9 o'clock, I went to visit the Tram Workers' Kindergarten. I was accompanied by a lady from the Municipal Education Bureau.

The garden was established in 1942 during the war, with a total of 120 students, 70 boarding, and the rest not boarding. There are 22 faculty members in total. There are three groups of care, the first group is 4 to 5 years old, the second group is 5 to 6 years old, and the third group is 7 years old (this group will enter primary school in September this year).

The garden is very tidy and all the equipment is very thoughtful. There are classrooms, dormitories, canteens, and bedrooms for sick children. It is said that the sick child's bedroom does not burn the stove in winter, and uses a fur pocket to keep warm. Eat at 9, 1, 4, and 7 o'clock every day, and have refreshments at four o'clock, and take a two-hour nap. Bathe once in the morning and once in the afternoon, and wash your feet in the evening. The water is warm and cool. During meals, two people take turns to serve every day, and the younger ones are exempt from military service.

The tuition fee is 29 to 55 roubles per person per month, but the actual cost is 160 roubles per person, so the largest fee is only 30% of the actual fee. Those who have more soldiers and children will receive less fees. When you are sick, you will be recuperated by the public.

I was amazed that all the boys and girls were naked in the class. Because the weather in Moscow is very cold, I myself am wearing winter clothes. I was afraid that they would catch a cold, but according to the counselor, it has become a habit. When playing outdoors, the instructor holds a ring drum as a conductor, and can do any kind of posture or step square. The vegetable garden and flower garden are planted by the gardeners themselves. There are also wooden pots to grow flowers and plants, and small animals such as guinea pigs are raised in the nets.

In the first group's class, I saw a paper figure play. There is a small stage, and the stage surface is cut out of thick paper. There are small chairs lined up in front of the stage. When students enter the school, someone collects tickets. The person who took the ticket slapped his hand three times, indicating three rubles, exchanged for one ticket, and the actor was the story of the chicken and wolf dog. The animals are also cut out of thick paper. The chicken was lured by the wolf, and the dog rescued it, and so on three times. One counselor operates behind the curtain to make a sound, and one counselor sits on the side of the stage and recites the script. After the performance, clap your hands. The counselor took out the chickens, dogs, and wolves to thank the audience. Everything is like a formal stage.

I saw the counselor taking a lunch bath for the students one by one, and then went to the cafeteria for lunch.

All students wear overalls. Each student was seated first, and two servants carried a plate of food. Two pieces of brown bread per person, a plate of soup, with meat in the soup but no butter. Plate portions are distributed by the counsellor.

The students were very happy to see me as a foreigner, and gave me a lot of their own paintings. Another child gave me a wreath he had picked from the countryside. I felt a great honor, and quickly put it on my head.

I also saw the students taking a nap, and the small bed was covered with soft and neat bedding. In an instant, all the students fell asleep in bed. Those gestures are really pitiful. I was also treated to lunch, and I ate more than the usual food of the students. Drink tea after eating. The lady of the Municipal Department of Education told me in detail about the situation in kindergartens in Moscow in general.

It is said that there are 714 kindergartens in Moscow, and 500 of them have been temporarily moved to the countryside during the summer. This year, there are 46,000 students. The monthly budget was about 6.8 million rubles before the war, and 6.9 million rubles during the war. In the summer, the cost is particularly high, and Moscow lacks sunlight in the winter, so it is necessary to transport children to the countryside or south during the summer to sunbathe. In wartime there were children who were not evacuated and also had kindergarten equipment, tied in the basement.

After receiving a lot of hospitality and valuable knowledge, I said goodbye to the counselors in the park. When I left, I was given a large cluster of flowers, which the children had planted themselves in the garden.

Three o'clock is back to the apartment. Tonight, I will give a history report at the International Cultural Association, and I will make a slight addition to the previous report made at the Institute of History. At five o'clock, Comrade Qi Hewen came, and immediately took a car to the association.

The report was made by Chairman Situ Luwei, who had come from Leningrad. There were about 50 speakers, including Dr. Widinsky and Dr. Feschenko. At the end of the hour, there were all kinds of questions, all of which were answered. After that, there was a film reception in the basement, which was an editing of wartime news.

It was eleven o'clock when I returned to the apartment, and it was past dinner time, and I was very hungry because I had not eaten. But hunger is also very delicious, and when I first went abroad, I didn't know that I was hungry all day long because of the change in my diet. Now I know that there is hunger, and it is a happy thing.

August 4th

At 10 a.m., I went to the Podchin Hospital to visit Dr. Docto

T

ut

ev）。 The doctor was one of the few otologists in the Soviet Union, and I asked him to examine me.

I told him about my medical records. At the age of 17 (1908), he suffered from severe typhoid fever, and after recovery, he became hard of hearing in both ears. At the end of 1927, he suffered another case of typhus fever in Shanghai, which was very heavy, and after recovery, his ears became more hard of hearing, until now.

Dr. Toll examined the outside and found that there were no other patients, and then put me in a closed sound room to have my hearing checked. The room is very small, less than a cubic abbot. The four walls are completely sealed and do not communicate with the outside. Pronunciation from the adjacent chamber is introduced by wires, from strong to weak, to check the boundary of the hearing threshold. If there is a sound, the bell is the signal until it cannot be heard. This kind of equipment I had never seen 20 years ago when I was studying medicine in Japan.

After the inspection, it is agreed that the results of the inspection will be heard between 10 a.m. and 11 a.m. on the following Monday (6th).

At 12 o'clock, when he returned to his apartment, he met Qin Diqing at the account office downstairs, saying that the Berlin Conference was over, that a communiqué had been published yesterday, and that Chairman Stalin seemed to have returned to Moscow. He also said that the Chinese envoy group left for Suzhou on the 6th, and he came to book a room.

Tonight was scheduled to take a night train to Tolstoy's hometown of Yastoy and Polya, but due to rain, it was agreed to be rescheduled.

August 5th

Today is the week. At 10 o'clock in the morning, Hu Jibang and an old female painter came together and met in the underground car. Hu Jibang is also learning to paint. They talked speculatively, and they came to my apartment together.

The old female painter said that she wanted to paint an oil portrait of Hu Jibang, and she also planned to paint one for me. I mentioned that I will soon be going to Yastoya Polya, and that I may have to prepare to return to China after I come back, and it will be too late to make oil paintings.

Jebang asked me: Why don't you stay longer? It's not easy to come once, and you should also stop by the United Kingdom and the United States.

Actually, that's what I thought. But when I was a guest in the Soviet Union, and the host was busy, I could not help in the slightest, and it was reasonable to stay for a long time. On the 4th of last month, President Kemenov allowed me to book a one-month excursion plan, and today is exactly one month old. I've got a harvest that I can't digest, and I'm ready to go. When you go back to China, you can always have something to do. When it comes to sightseeing in the United Kingdom and the United States, it's a pity that I can't go sightseeing.

After a while, Mrs. Su also came. She told me that the tickets had been bought and that at one o'clock tonight I would take the night train to Yastoria Porya, accompanied by Shorunov. The old female painter took out a pencil and paper to draw a sketch for Hu Jibang, but it was not very similar. When she mentioned my age, she said I was only thirty-eight years old at most.

- Hurry up and send a telegram back to tell your wife, Hu Jibang teased, and her wife will be happy.

- If I really looked so young, my wife would not be at ease.

Everyone laughed for a while and walked away.

In the evening, Hu Jibang came again. Two guide books on Jastria Polya were delivered, one in English and one in Russian, both with some illustrations. I read the English book right away, and I got some preparation.

I heard that the embassy has received an invitation from the Association for Foreign Culture, and it is scheduled to officially entertain me at noon on 9 July, accompanied by the Chinese and Soviet ambassadors. But I haven't received the invitation yet.

Hu Jibang said that this could be a farewell banquet. She wanted me to leave after the twelfth. The twelfth is a sports festival, which is held on Red Square, which is an annual event that is a must-see. I have that hope.

In the middle of the night, Secretary Shao came, and because time was running out, we rushed to the station. Hop on a four-person sleeping trolley. It's time to drive.

August 6th

Wake up at seven o'clock and cut dry food. There was another female family member in the same carriage, who was a member of the educational circles, and returned to Tula Province to pro-family. Dry food is given as a gift, and berries are purchased in return.

When it rained, I regretted not borrowing a raincoat when I came. I hope that the sky can turn clear, otherwise, it is quite inconvenient to visit in the countryside.

When passing through Tula, a column of military vehicles stopped at the station, and it was heard that it was the demobilized Red Army. At ten o'clock they arrived at the station of Yastoya Polya, where a long train of military vehicles was parked, and from the back of the car they made a detour to the station. There are several buildings in front of the station, with a wooden balustrade in front of them, and in each square are struts diagonally diagonally. Behind the railing there is a sparse and neat row of birch trees. The rain stopped, and the air was moist. As I walked on the platform, I thought that Tolstoy had been here and every other in his life, as if his breath were all around me.

It was still three kilometres from the station to Toon's manor house (now the museum), and I heard that a car was coming to pick it up, but it took us some time to make a detour behind the long line of military vehicles, and the driver had already driven away. Fortunately, the people at the station instructed us to cross the railroad again, catch a truck carrying grass, and after walking two kilometers on the road, we were dropped off on a side road. That slip road is the road to the museum.

Although the heavy rain has passed, the road is not very muddy. On the way, we met a middle-aged man who was on his way to the museum and guided us along the way. According to him, yesterday was a very sunny day, and there were almost a thousand or so people who came to visit the museum. I regret it, but I left the night before, wasn't it just right? The manor is now a park, and every sunny day, in the evening, many young people come for a walk. As you walk, you can see a chalky building in the distance, which is said to be the Tolstoy School, the interior of which has been destroyed by Dekou and has not yet been restored. On the right hand side of the road there is another chalk building, sandwiched in the forest, which is said to be Tolstoy's hospital, which was also badly destroyed by the German cork, and has now been partially restored.

When you walk to the door, a pair of low round towers like the door are excellent signs.

The tower cover is lotus leaf-shaped, the whole body has been painted, there is a door, and people can be accommodated inside, perhaps it is the post of the serf era guard. It's completely a rural view, and there is some cow dung mixed in the mud on the doorway. To the left of the entrance is a hut, presumably the former gatehouse. Without any communication, we followed the middle-aged man all the way in. After walking for a long time in the forest trees, we came to a courtyard, where we were greeted by two gentlemen, one of whom was Pu Qing, a staff member of the museum, and the other who was middle-aged, who could speak French, was a staff member of the scientific department of the Moscow Museum, Sheposhnikov. They apologized first, saying that the car didn't pick us up and caused us to walk in the mud. Then we were led to a hotel to rest.

The hotel is small and exquisite, with electrical equipment, and on the walls there are portraits of Toon and images from his writings, such as "The Trial of Katyusa" and "André and Nadasha". There are two vases of flowers, hibiscus, big lotus, June chrysanthemum, and dew drops on top. There are also three small pots of single-petaled impatiens, two blue and one white. There is a glass window on the front, facing the vegetable garden. The vegetables in the garden are very fat, I don't know their names, and the leaves are like scoop vegetables. In the distance, you can see a village, which was once the residence of serfs.

After rinsing, I stood in front of the window and looked out, and a worker-like man came from the vegetable garden and apologized to me, it turned out that he was the driver. I begged him to shake his hand, but he refused, saying he had gasoline in his hand, but we shook it anyway.

At twelve o'clock, the curator invited food. The curator is Tolstya's granddaughter, who has a double surname, Tolstya-Ese

i

a), be over 30 years old, tall and have a very generous attitude. I saw that she was also wearing a medal for the 220th anniversary of the Academy of Sciences, which was originally affiliated with the Academy of Sciences. She said that she had seen me at the Smolon Palace in Leningrad and the Kremlin in Moscow, and had heard my reports at the Foreign Cultural Association. But because there was no introduction, I didn't know her until today.

The refectory is in a Russian-style farmhouse next to Toon's house, and the walls are made of whole round timber (not planks), not very high, but it must be very warm in winter. In addition to us, there were Pu Qing and Sheposhnikov, and two other female guests. The food is very rich, there are brown bread, kefir, butter, honey, cucumbers, meatloaf, etc., which I heard are all produced in the estate itself. During the meal, he talked about the work in the museum: (1) researching the works, (2) receiving visitors, and (3) studying the relationship between Toon and Eastern philosophy, especially Chinese thought.

It turned out that the Yapo Manor was the property of Duke Verkonsky, the maternal ancestor of Toon, and the mother was returned as a concubine, so it was owned by Tol. There are two halls in the east and west, the east hall is the residence of Toon, and the west hall is the school in the former building. There was a main house and a building between the east and west halls, but it was burned down long ago and has now become a forest. Toon was born in the main house, and because the main house was destroyed, he often smiled and instructed: "I was born in the air in the woods." ”

After eating, visit the West Pavilion, which is an 18th century style building with two floors. The exhibitors are family, life and creation and other historical materials, Meng Puqing for one by one to explain, really like a number of treasures.

I am so grateful to him, and in just an hour or two I have read a very detailed biography of Tolstoy, and more than any detailed biography.

In his early years, Toon worked hard for the peasants to build a school, and the West Pavilion was originally a normal school, and there were 20 other schools. This matter was very jealous of the landlord class and the ** authorities at that time, and there were gendarmes who came to search, and Toshi once escaped for a while. In 1862, he bought back two calculators on his trip, which are still hanging on the wall, quite like an abacus, but they are long and have few children. There are many letters from scholars and writers from all over the world, and I found a business card of Chinese and a postcard written by the same person.

Privately funded student leader who traveled to Britain and India

Kong Xian Li Zi Tian Zeng (M

. T.C.K.）

Guangdong Nanyang people

The postcard, written in English and only superficially visible, calls Toon "The Sage of Eu."

ope"), signed "March 1910", only 35 years ago, and this Mr. Kong may still exist.

1910 was the year of Toon's death. Before his death, he left a will, in which all the land and his copyrights were given to the peasants. He left home on October 28 of that year, fell ill at the small station of Astapovo (which was supposed to go, but unfortunately did not make it), and died on November 7. Five minutes before her death, Mrs. Sophia arrived. (Mrs. Toon Jr. was sixteen years old, and died in 1919, nine and a half years after his death, at the age of seventy-six.) On the 9th, the funeral was held, and the tomb was in the manor forest.

Before the revolution, Madame Sophia had asked the Tsar** to nationalize the Yapo estate so that it could be preserved, but ** did not agree. In 1921, after the revolution, Lenin nationalized Kalinin and turned it into a museum. In 1939, the People's Commissariat ordered Molotov to change the museum from the Ministry of Education to the Academy of Sciences.

Deko occupied Yapofan for forty-five days. On November 30, 1941, the first tank of the German army entered the museum. There was a large-scale Tolstoy hospital nearby, but after the occupation it was blown up, and the museum was used as a temporary hospital, I don't know what the intention was. When they withdrew, they were destroyed and plundered, but because of the rapid progress of the Red Army, they were not blown up in time. The trees on the side of the tomb were cut down and 75 corpses were buried. After the restoration, the tomb was razed to fill the crater. The nearby secondary school, named Tolstoy Secondary School on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of Toon's birth, had 35,000 books burned. The hospital was also named at the same time.

On May 24, 1942, the museum was restored to its original state. At that time, the battle line was still close. When the commemorative meeting was held, 2,000 people from the vicinity, including the Academy of Sciences, and the Red Army, were all deputed.

Next year will mark the 25th anniversary of the establishment of the museum.

After leaving the West Building, take a short rest on the bench outside the building, and then go west to the road with the Bodhi Tree, where Toon used to walk during his lifetime. The big trees are difficult to hug, but there are also young trees to fill the holes, which are replanted according to Lenin's instructions. When Lenin visited the Toon Museum in Moscow in 1920, he saw in the photograph that the linden tree had withered, and he instructed the person in charge to replant it immediately and protect it.

During the Great Patriotic War, Stalin spared no effort to protect the museum, and all important items were evacuated before the arrival of the German army. **The protection of cultural heritage is carried out in every detail.

The whole area of the manor is 400 square meters, and all the ancillary buildings are the same as they were 35 years ago. A forest in the north, according to Yunfan 35,000 square meters, is called the boundary forest in the distance, and is related to the defense of the Tatar war.

To the northwest of the West Pavilion there is also a building in the 18th century, which was originally a weaving mill in Verkonsky. The vacant land behind the factory, now planting artichoke, according to the cloud department of the apple orchard, the winter of 41 is cold, the fruit trees are all dead, and it is still planned to be restored in the future. Going southwest, there is another orchard, according to the clouds, there are 12,000 trees in front of the clouds, and now there are very few, only about 800 remain. Turn northwest and enter the big forest, solemn and cold, like returning to the ancients. In the loop of a ravine, there is a shallow mound lying under the tree, there is no inscription, this is Tolstoy's tomb. The tomb is rectangular, no more than two feet long, no more than four feet wide, and only a few feet above the ground. It is flat and covered with fresh ferns and blue bell-shaped flowers. Because the trees are gloomy and the sunlight is scarce, the flowers and plants cannot flourish, so the flowers and plants must be picked every day to protect the tomb. I stood in silence at the tomb for a few minutes. All the sounds are silent, and it is suitable for the sleep of those who do their jobs well. Near the tomb, a tree branch is bent into a bow to make a boundary, and everything else is purely natural. There was no trace of the surrounding graves of Deko, and there was no trace of the felled trees, as if they had never been harassed.

Turning back from the original road, when passing behind the West Pavilion, Pu Qing pointed to the exit of the basement and said: Deko's dead body was first displayed in the basement, that is, from this exit it was transported to the side of the tomb of Toon for burial.

Turning back to the East Building, the architectural form is the same as that of the West Building, but due to the increase in the number of family members, the building has been slightly increased. There is a veranda in the west wing, built in 1870. There is a kitchen at the back of the museum, which was built in 1890. He lived here for fifty-five years, and his important writings were written here. Everything remained the same as it had been when Toon left home in 1910, and the area destroyed during the war was completely restored in May of the following year.

There is an old tree in the northwest corner of the museum, and there is a wooden bench half-ring under the tree, and the peasants come to see the people who sit on this wooden bench. There is a small bell nailed horizontally to the trunk of the tree, which is ringed when the farmers are called to serve food in previous years. When the age of the tree is a hundred years old, the heart has been hollowed, and in 1923 ** order was added to the protection and filled with lime. All trees on the estate are protected by experts at the same time.

After the tour, the accommodation has been moved from the hotel to the east wing, and the rest of the room is in the northeast corner of the back row, which is very large. There are many oil paintings on the walls, which are old objects of Duke Verkonsky.

At seven o'clock for dinner, there is a kind of small fruit, red, slightly like a cherry and small, and it is a berry. There are also white and black people, the first time I have seen them in my life. Slightly sour, mix with honey or sugar. In Russian, it's called "Smo

odi

a), I don't know if China also has this thing. (The Chinese name is "gooseberry" or "sorrel", which is pronounced Sugu in Japanese.)

The I is the thing. ）

After eating, Pu Qingfu invited him to take a walk, and the curator then arrived, saying that the weather would change, and he was afraid of rain, so he could not travel far. The sky does look a little unstable. Turn around and walk to the front of the East Building. There was a garden in front of it, and in the garden there were peonies, which were planted during the lifetime of Toon. Then turn right and go south, there is a Bodhi tree road, which is about a hundred years ago. After about 200 steps, there is a road on the left side, and the tree column is the same. Turn into this crossway, walk not dozens of steps, and another birch tree road longitudinally. The road is vertical and horizontal, the trees are towering, and the gap is the grassland. If the weather is fine, lying down in the grassland or eating in the open should be the supreme pleasure. Further south in the birch road, a voice came out of the bushes behind itself, recalling a middle-aged couple, who were a professor of English at Moscow University and their wife, according to the grandson of the Yun family. The professor also paid the same attention to the rest of the people, saying that there would be rain and it was not advisable to travel far. Don't go a little further and enter the bush tunnel. There is a small pond in the right hand. In front of it, there is an open road that runs sideways, which is a road for carriages and horses, and it is covered with mud. When I hear thunder, the sky changes abruptly, the thick clouds hit people, and the rain can fall in an instant. Hurriedly turned back, the square and the eaves, the showers poured like a note.

Dr. La

io

ov) visits. Dr. Ra is also a staff member of the museum, and is engaged in research on the relationship between Tolstoy and Chinese thought. He brought some of the materials to my room, with his typewriting manuscripts and all kinds of relevant documents of Toon, and under the electric light, he studied them very earnestly and thoughtfully and presented them to me, so that I gained a great gain. (This is the attitude of scholars who are most worthy of learning from us Chinese, and Chinese scholars always rely on new information as a strange commodity and do not pass it on outside the door.) This monopolistic attitude has also prevented the progress of Chinese academia. ）

In his later years, from 1880 to 1910, he devoted himself to the study of Oriental culture, especially Chinese philosophy, and was quoted and introduced many times. There are quotations on Chinese philosophy in Volume 43 of the Complete Works, eighteen verses from Confucius and thirty-five verses from Laozi. Book 44 contains introductions to Confucius, Laozi, Mozi, and Shujing. In 1884 Lao Tzu began to be mentioned. He read the Gallus (Paule Ca

us) English translation of the Tao Te Ching, and later by Heysi

ge

but he was not very satisfied. In 1909, he married a Japanese student named Konishi

Ishi) relied on Konishi's help to retranslate the Tao Te Ching, which was published in 1913. In 1910, he published a booklet called Lao Tzu, with a picture of Lao Tzu riding a green ox on the cover.

Confucius and Mencius began to be mentioned in 1888, and he read the Four Books and the Five Classics by James Legge, arguing that "the philosophy of Confucius should be universalized." He likes the Book of Songs and thinks that "great strength for life is gained from this book". Also in 1910 he published The Life and Philosophy of Confucius, which is also a kind of pamphlet. There is also a pamphlet about Mozi called "Mo Zhai - On the Doctrine of Love", which was published in 1909.

IN ADDITION, ON DECEMBER 4, 1905, HE CORRESPONDED WITH A WELL-KNOWN SCHOLAR IN CHINA, WHOSE NAME AND SURNAME, WHICH I HAD ASKED DR. LA TO WRITE IN RUSSIAN, WERE ЧЖАН ЧИН-ТУН (ZHANG QINGTONG). Some people in China think that this person is "Qian Xuantong", and the word Qian Xuan is incompatible. In my opinion, it may be "Zhang Zhidong", the word is pronounced as ЧИИ, because the shape of the character is similar, the last letter is mistaken as H; In Russian cursive, the two are particularly similar. I asked to see the original manuscript of Toon's letter, which is preserved in the Moscow Museum. When I return to Moscow, I will investigate again. (After returning to Moscow, this was not done because he returned to China soon after.) In terms of age and prestige, Zhang Zhidong is qualified. There was no reply from this person, and perhaps the original letter was not delivered.

In 1906, he corresponded with Koo Hongming, and this letter has been published in the complete works.

In 1908, he received two English books from Koo Hung-ming. One is The U

ive

sal O

de

of Co

duct of Life-A Co

fu-cla

Catechi** ("The General Doctrine of Human Behavior—A Kind of Confucian Questions and Answers", I am afraid that it is "The Mean"), and the other is "G

eat Lea

i

g of Highe

Educatio

("The University of Higher Education", I am afraid it is "University"). In addition, I received a book in French. In July 1910, he read The Wo, published in Shanghai

ld's Chi

ese Stude

t Jou

AL (Global Chinese Student Daily). I'm very excited about what's happening in China. He once said: "If you are still young, you must go to China." ”

August 7th

When I woke up, it was already dawn, but because I didn't know the time of day, I couldn't sleep steadily, so I had to get up. The estimate seems to be only four or five o'clock.

Breakfast at nine o'clock. After the meal, we will visit the East Pavilion and see how Toon lived during his lifetime. From the downstairs, you can enter a room from the doorway in the northwest corner, and there is a bookcase against the back wall. There is a gun cabinet in the back half of the right wall, which hides five shotguns and one short gun, which was used when hunting in the early years. In his old age, he was happy, vegetarian, and did not go back hunting. There are antlers on the gun cabinet. There is a door near the back corner of the left wall, which leads to a small room, which communicates with the additional kitchen, and is only used for miscellaneous purposes. There is a clock on the door. A leather bag is hung next to the lintel, which is used to send letters.

There are 23,000 books, of which 14,000 are marked by Toon's own handwriting. During the war, all the valuables have been evacuated, and only the bulky ones remained, and most of them were sealed by Dekou, with the inscription "ready to be transported back as trophies". It was too late to be transported away. The Department of Deko has the East Building as its dormitory.

From the left front corner of the room, turn to the upper floor.

Going upstairs and turning back, there is in the aisle the Toon Sick Chair, which was used in 1901-2 when he was recuperating in the Crimea. Advance into the canteen, long, through the floor, the floor is inlaid woodwork. In the center, there is a large long dining table, the lady seat is at the north end, and Tuo Weng Heng sits on the first seat on the right side. Vegetable food on the right side of the table and meat food on the left side. The chief on the left is the VIP seat. For breakfast, Toon sat at the south end. In the southwest corner, there is a large round table, which was moved from the ruined main building, and there are several shuttles and chairs, and they are seated here for important conversations. In the northwest corner, there is a small round table, with rattan chairs, where you can sit for ordinary conversations. There are long rattan chairs between the two round tables, and in front of it there is a small square tea table, inlaid with wood, and chess sets are placed on the lower level. In addition, there are still chairs against the wall. There are five oil portraits hanging on the wall, followed by (1) the third daughter Maria, (2) the prime of life, (3) the second daughter Naxia, (4) the old age of the dragon, and (5) the wife Sophia. At the beginning of the entrance (that is, the northeast corner) there are two plane grand pianos. At the south end of the east wall, there is a small living room with a door. Between the door and the piano, there is a high-backed chair against the wall, and Tuo Weng Heng sits on this chair to listen to the piano. There are also five oil portraits hanging on the east wall, followed by (1) maternal grandmother, Duchess Volkonsky, (2) maternal grandfather, (3) great-grandfather, (4) grandfather, and (5) mother. My great-grandfather was a greedy man, blind in his old age, and only knew how to count coins all day long. But its coins were plain for its stewards to be removed without being aware of it. Turning into the small living room, it was the reception room of Mrs. Sophia. Toon's debut novel was written in this room. On the right side of the entrance is a piano table against the wall, where Sophia wrote "War and Peace" for Toon, and changed the manuscript ten times. Turgenev visited four times, and the last of his visits was in this room, where he recited his prose poem "The Dog".

Then enter the study, which is the middle room in the front row of the floor. There is a large book case longitudinally placed, and the back wall is in a T-shape. There are two compartments on the back wall, a set of dictionaries in the upper grid, and the books of the later years are inserted in the lower grid. Among them is Gallus's Lao Tzu's "Tao Te Ching", in which there are two seals under the translator's name on the cover, one is "German Bachelor in the United States" and the other is "Gallus Seal". The book contains the number of chapters marked by Toon with a pencil and the attention line. The original manuscript of the Tao Te Ching, translated by Toon, is also interspersed together.

On the east side of the bookcase is the Toon seat, with a very low chair, almost like a child's toy. Yu Zeng tried to sit on it, and it was quite comfortable. According to Yun Tuo Weng, he likes to sit on a low stool. Behind the chair was a large black leather kang bed, which had not been moved during the war, and which had been broken by Deko, and which had several bayonet wounds. There was a small table next to the bed. One round table under the west wall, one chair in the corner. Toon sits here every morning to read the letter and every night to read. On the round table is Ostoivsky's The Kramazhev Brothers, page 142. This is the number of books and pages read on the night of October 28, 1910, when Toon left home, and a tape recorder donated by Edison in the southeast corner leading to the dormitory. There are double doors on the front, and outside it is a moon building, and the flower garden is below. It is also a dormitory. The room is quite small and not very neat. The iron bed is narrow and low, with its head against the east wall. There is a sleeping blanket woven by the lady's hand. The woolen flower pillow given by the sister. There is an oil portrait of a lady on the wall. The French translation of the Complete Works of Toon is on a small shelf on the southeast wall. There are double doors in front of the bed, and there is also a moon floor outside. There is a wardrobe behind the bed. In the middle of the back wall is a washer, and there is a pair of iron dumbbells on its side. On the wall, there are horse reins and whips hanging on the left hand, and clothes and canes on the right hand. The basin is made of magnetic, which is an ancestral heirloom, and it is also carried with you when you travel abroad. There are a lot of pill bottles and so on.

Step out of the side door in the northeast corner into a corridor, and there is a room in the corridor, and the door is facing each other. The room is the lady's bedroom, which is very spacious. The four walls are full of large and small photos, and Mrs. Yu Jun liked things before her death. The lady is very diligent in housekeeping. There is "Notes", published in 1940. There is also a book, "My Life", which covers the period from 1904 to 17 and has not yet been published because of the war. A son named Warich, very wise, and his wife loved him very much, and died at the age of seven; A zoomed-in photograph hangs in the middle of the south wall. In the southeast corner, there is a 16th-century gold-inlaid icon. In the second wardrobe, Deko had sealed the person to be transported, and the seal still existed.

Exiting from the lady's bedroom, assessing the situation, I realized that the room where Yu lived was on the back side. Entering the north through the corridor, the west turns into a room, which is quite spacious (this is behind Toon's bedroom), with a large writing desk, longitudinal in the north and south, and a long shuttle hair against the wall behind it. This room was not dedicated at first, and later it was used as a secretary's room. The secretary of Professor N.N Gusev is extant, and now serves in the Tolstoy Museum in Moscow, with a door in the middle of the west wall. On the right wall of the door is an oil painting by the Czechoslovakian people on June 23, 1909

Gus) was burned figure. Ungus was bound to a stake, kneeled and burned, and was kissed by a holy shadow. It was burned on July 6, 1415.

Then there is the library (this room is behind the study), 40% in French. There is a large cabinet of old French books left by his parents, which he used to read when he was a child. In his later years, he studied Dutch. The room was the most devastated, but it has been completely restored.

Then enter the aisle when going upstairs, where the sick chair is. There is a large British antique clock in the door, leaning on the north and facing the south. Downstairs, there is a portrait of a charcoal pit worker lying on a charcoal cart on the opposite wall. Toon hangs this statue here in order to make himself and his family not forget the suffering of the workers every day. There is a charcoal pit near the manor, which has been completely modernized after the revolution. There was another world and a different era.

Go downstairs and return to the room where you first entered, where there is a doorway between the shotgun cabinet and the bookcase that leads to the front room. After entering the front room, the guide Pu Qing first led us to turn left, through the downstairs rooms, until we reached the east room (this is under the bedroom of the floor Toon), and then reversed to explain each room.

The east head is a room, the top is dome-shaped, according to the first part of Yun's "War and Peace" written here.

After the age of 80, he also wrote downstairs. In 1910, Toon's daughter, Alexandria, took up residence in this room, and on the night of October 28, Toon knocked at the door as he ran away from home to say goodbye. At that time, the doctor was accompanied by the Czech Macrytsk. The second room was originally a nanny's room, where Dr. Macrytsk had lived since 1904.

Go back to the west again. This room is divided into two halves, the eastern half is the guest room, where Turgenev and Gorky once stayed. "Anna Karelina" was written in this room. In the western half of the place, where the body was parked at the time of his death, there was a low wooden bench, on which the hangers stepped on it to pay homage to the remains. There were 8,000 people hanging, but no one from the church participated. There is a niche in the middle of the west wall, where a statue of his brother Nicola is placed. Toon loved his brother, and the head of a deer that he had hunted with him in the Caucasus in his early years hung high on the southern wall. Toon hangs a hat and a handkerchief on the antlers. There is a door on the south wall that can lead to the outer garden, and the coffin of Toon is from this lotus.

After visiting the East Pavilion, we will walk out of the original road. A large crowd of visitors passed us, and when they entered, we folded into the cool hall of the west wing. Pu Qingying is full of youth, although he explained earnestly, it lasted for a long time, and he was not tired. When he was in Mrs. Sophia's room, he once pointed out that one of the photographs hanging on the west wall was his deceased father, a friend of Mrs. Sophia, and a poet. It can be seen that Pu Qing and the Toon family must be regarded as world friends. I'm thankful to him, he says it's his business. He wanted me to share my feelings, and I did. He asked me to write it in the memorial book. After a short break, we continued our tour.

First arrived at the Tolstoy Middle School, which was badly destroyed, and there was a huge statue of Tolstoy plaster in the main hall that was still intact. There is no trace of the faculty residence. There is a kindergarten nearby, which has been restored and now doubles as a secondary school. It has 800 students. Construction will begin next year, and five million rubles have been allocated.

Tolstoy's Hospital has been partially restored and can accommodate about 1,500 patients.

Returning to the garden through the wheat pasture, there are many wildflowers, many of which are unknown. There is grass like wormwood, the leaves are smaller, there is a slight fragrance, smell the local farmers' clouds, flush and take, can cure diseases. The pine forest is straight and planted by the Toon couple. There are many white fungi in the forest, which are edible. In the middle of the forest, there is a bench nailed with birch stems under several pine trees, and Toon sits on this bench to rest when he walks in the forest. Yu and others also sit here, facing the pine forest with the grassland at their back, and the eyes are lush and endless. Pu Qing said that there was the sound of thrushes, and the rest was silent because of the back of the ears. There is rain, and I return. Visit the apiary behind the West Pavilion, where there are 1,200 beehives, they are placed on the ground, like a hut with a sloping roof (hearing that this is a new law, and its herringbone is the old law). The beekeeper covered his head with a black net, one smoked it, and the other removed one of the lids of the box, and took out a wooden frame from the box, and countless wax rooms in the box, filled with honey, that is, to see and enjoy. Honey is as transparent as topaz and warm, and it is the first time in my life to eat honey like this. After chewing, the beeswax is white and has no flavor. Yu Chu didn't know that he swallowed it with the honey, and then he followed the example of the rest of the people and spit it out. The so-called "taste is the same as chewing wax", and the actual experience is also the first time in his life.

After returning to the room, he was introduced to the downstairs room to meet Toon's eldest son, Serge Sr. This room is directly below the rest of the room. This room and its adjacent room are designated by ** to belong to the Toon bereaved family. Eighty-two years old, when he was on his way to Moscow, he accidentally got off the tram and injured one of his feet, and lost his sight in his left eye, so that he could not get out of bed. The thick hair is snow-white, and the eyes are sudden, like the regeneration of Toon. Although Seon is in his old age and has recovered from injuries, he is conscious. I hope that the Chinese people will be free from the scourge of war and enjoy peace and happiness.

- My father was most concerned about China during his lifetime, and in his later years he loved to read China's "Confucius" and "Lao Tzu".

Seon told me that I was deeply impressed by his earnest and kind attitude.

He condemned Japan. As for the US aid, he asked me: Isn't the US equipping China's military and trying its best to help China?

- Yes, I answered him, the United States is helping China's **.

Seon was a little surprised by my answer, he thought for a moment, and then asked: Isn't that the same?

- If it was to deal with Japan, it would be the same. If there is an ulterior motive, it is different.

Seon did not ask again, he only said again: I always hope that the Chinese people can avoid the scourge of war and enjoy peace and happiness.

After returning upstairs, Dr. Ralonov came back to teach, and he took a copy of Tolstoy's Complete Works published by Iwanami Shoten, Japan, and asked me if I had read it. I used to read it when I was in Japan, but I'm ashamed that I didn't read it all. Dr. Ra said that the Soviet Union intended to publish a total of 91 volumes, including 45 volumes of works, 13 volumes of diaries, 30 volumes of books, and 3 volumes of biographies. Thirty-eight volumes had been published before the war, and they should continue to be published in the future.

After lunch, Pu Qing brought the commemorative book, which was mostly the inscriptions left by foreign scholars and writers when they came to visit. Dr. Johnson Sr. also had the inscription, and he came a few days before me. I thought about it again and wrote my thoughts:

"I came to Yapo like a pilgrimager, breathing in the quiet air left by the great philosophers, and I came to know more concretely the noble personality of Toon. His study, his bedroom, his drawing-room, and his books, though they were all left silent, seemed to tell me, 'My husband has just gone out and is walking in the woods. ’”

"Everything is so simple and natural, and yet so neat and solemn. Such a grand and fresh environment is worthy of being the cradle of Tolstoy, as well as the cradle of the great works of "War and Peace" and "Anna Karelina". ”

"Everything is embraced by nature, everything is embraced by the people. In such an environment, it is easier for people to understand why the vast love of farmers and human beings can be so majestic. ”

"Constant procession of people came to pay their respects. Toon knows, I believe, must be smiling. All the deep wrinkles on his face must have disappeared. ”

"It is not in vain that scholars, thinkers, and writers from all over the world have traveled thousands of miles and thousands of miles. At this point, there will be a deeper introspection. What is the meaning of life? What does it take to accomplish the mission? ”

But at the same time I also got a more concrete understanding of the greatness of Lenin and Stalin. It was their proper leadership that kept this treasure of humanity alive. All for the people. So that this excellent cultural heritage not only educates its own people, but also educates humanity. ”

"I am saturated with the emotions of fellow human love and human love, and I reverently express my sincere gratitude."

After writing down his feelings, he said goodbye to the curator and Puqing to the tomb of Toon. The curator took a wiveslet leaf and an orchid from the tomb to me as a souvenir. (The flowers and leaves are still in my diary.) I thought I would be able to leave immediately, but the curator said I had to have dinner before I left. At eight o'clock for dinner, in fact I was not hungry at all, probably because I had eaten too much honey. After the meal, the curator presented me with a copy of the new 1942 book "Yastria Polya", which she inscribed at the beginning of the volume with the following sentences:

For Mr. Guo Moruo's visit to Tolstoy's hometown,

On top of this pleasant commemoration, I would like to send love and respect to the Chinese people.

Tolstoya Yesenina

I said goodbye with infinite gratitude, and got into the car under the old tree with the bell. A female librarian accompanied us all the way to Tula station. Waited in the stationmaster's room until eleven o'clock, and took the night train from Crimea back to Moscow.

August 8th

It was six o'clock when I woke up in the car, and it was raining. Arrived in Moscow at eight o'clock and got off the bus to return to the apartment. As soon as I got back to my room, I had a phone. Secretary Shao answered the phone, and he said that Mrs. Su would come immediately, so he took his leave.

After a while, Mrs. Su came. She said very apologetically, and at five o'clock she got up in the car and went to the station to pick it up. The first train was not picked up, and I waited at the station until now. When the second bus arrived, she looked through every window, but she didn't find us.

I thank her and the association for their kindness.

When I was having breakfast in the cafeteria, I met Jiang Jingguo and Bu Daoming. Chiang said that he met Ding Xilin in Calcutta. Bu said that he brought the stills of "Qu Yuan" and handed them to Ambassador Fu.

It was during this meal that I learned that the United States dropped the first atom** on Hiroshima, Japan. This is a new weapon that has just been invented, heavier than the British eleven-ton seismic bomb (Ea

th-quakebomb) is more than two thousand times, much more violent than twenty thousand tons of *****. I heard that the city of Hiroshima has been completely destroyed.

Hiroshima City, I have traveled before. When I was a student at Okayama No. 6 High School in Japan, there was a military instructor who played field exercises there. It is located on the edge of the Seto Inland Sea, and there is a famous Miyajima Island nearby, which is one of the three most famous places in Japan, and the scenery is very good. There are many rivers in the city, and the Japanese call it the Venice of the East. During the Russo-Japanese War, the headquarters of the Japanese army was located here, and Emperor Meiji personally visited here to supervise the war. There is a normal university there, and Chinese students often study there. If there were still people there this time, of course, they would all be doomed.

Last night, when I was waiting for the train at Tula station, I remembered the situation when Liqun saw him off at the Jiulongpo airport, and recalled some words from her letter to me. A bit of a ballad mood swirled until early this morning, barely composing a poem in the train.

Send Lang to Jiulongpo, Lang will fly to Moscow, I want to hug Nai people.

Even if you don't return, it's better to leave me with a pity.

Shake hands and say goodbye, just drink less, don't stumble, and bite your tongue with your teeth.

The iron door was closed for a moment, and the wind lifted the sand machine like a shuttle, and what could I do if I wanted to climb?

There are clouds and waves in the sky, there are trees in the mountains, and there are trees and trees, and I am like a wooden chicken returning to the old nest.

Suddenly, I heard the children's words, oh, asking me to fly to find my father, and suddenly the tears poured into my eyes.

At 4 o'clock, Hu Jibang brought "Qu Yuan" and stills, a total of 52 stills, which had been exhibited in Chongqing before. Ji Bangyan has bought two tickets for the drama and is about to watch the drama together tonight. But at half past four o'clock, Mrs. Su came, saying that she had made an appointment with the president of Moscow University to visit at five o'clock. At 7 o'clock, Minister Li Wensong came to visit, and there was a service businessman, and the appointment with Hu Jibang was inevitably disrespectful.

At 5 o'clock, I visited Moscow State University, which was located in the east of the hotel, only three or four streets away, and was met by the president, the head of the Department of Archaeology, and the head of the Department of History. According to the clouds, there are 8,000 students in the school. However, during the summer vacation, professors and students have left the university to go to retreats or school trips. The internal organization is divided into ten sections: (1) History, (2) Geography, (3) Mathematics, (4) Physics, (5) Chemistry, (6) Biology, (7) Archaeology, (8) Linguistics, (9) Law, and (10) Philosophy. Five years of study. Regular courses in the first, second and third years, with more than four years of specialization. Those with excellent grades in secondary school graduation are exempted from the examination.

Graduates of college students are required to undergo national examinations, and in addition to specializations, they must take examinations in philosophy, materialist dialectics, historical dialectics, political systems, etc. Reports are prepared in May and June every year, and the test is taken in July. After passing, you will find a job or enter a graduate class to continue your research, and become an associate doctor, doctor, etc. There are various bonuses, and in addition to the general Stalin prize, the Momo University itself has the Normanov prize. The former has rubles of 1 million and 100,000, and the latter has 25,000 to 15,000. There are 64 people who have won Stalin's second prize in Moscow. There are also various scholarships, from 2,500 to 500 roubles for each student, 800 roubles for graduate students, and 1,500 roubles for the Stalinist Prize.

The conversation lasted about an hour and a half, and Ji Bang was already waiting in the room, and at seven o'clock the minister came and said that tomorrow the banquet of the International Cultural Association would be met by a car at half past one. Showing "Qu Yuan" and stills, Minister Li asked to bring it to the association's exhibition tomorrow, and hoped to indicate the stage in detail. It was too late to watch the play, and because he gave up, Ji Bang made an appointment to go to the streets to watch the preparations for the sports festival. There are groups of men and women practicing on the streets of the Red Square. Midnight had passed, and the mood was very high.

August 9th

got up at 6 o'clock in the morning and noted the stills of "Qu Yuan" in detail.

After eight o'clock, I met Xiong Shihui and Shen Honglie in the cafeteria, and heard that the Soviet Union had declared war on Japan after hearing last night's broadcast. This was to be expected, and the Soviet people received the news with great composure, without causing the slightest fluctuation in the general mood of society.

At half past nine o'clock, Mrs. Su came and also talked about declaring war on Japan. We traveled by car to Dr. Torutnev to hear the results of the auditory test. It was supposed to go on Monday (6th), but it was postponed due to going to Yapo.

The doctor advised Yu to pay attention to four things: (1) strict abstinence from tobacco, (2) strict avoidance of quinine, (3) treatment with electricity, and (4) attention to the hygiene of the nasal passages. If these four precautions can be observed, it can be for the better, or at least not worse.

I told him that there was no electrical treatment equipment for ear diseases in Chongqing.

The doctor was taken aback, and he said: This is a very common thing, how can it not be? But it is a very common thing in other countries, but it is not common in China. On the other hand, it is very common in us, but it is very unusual in other countries. Fortunately, the doctor also said: electrical therapy is not important, it is still one or two things that matter. It's your own business. This, I can swear, absolutely for the rest of my life. The doctor is very concerned about the general situation of otolaryngology in China, and according to him, scholars from all over the world are almost all in the same news, and only Chinese scholars are not able to communicate with each other. I promised to convey this opinion to the experts of this section when I returned home. (I want to confess, I didn't have the opportunity to convey this opinion after returning to China, I will publish it in this "Ji Xing" today, and I hope that experts will pay attention.) I think it would be very convenient for the Soviet academic community to have a representative of the Soviet Association for Foreign Culture in China as an intermediary. ）

Sitting in the hospital garden, waiting for the car, reading the news, seeing the news about ***, Hiroshima bombed four square kilometers. Truman's statement was also revealed. For a while, the minister came and invited him to the Foreign Literary Association to attend a public banquet. We arrived late, and the living room was already full of guests and hosts. On the Chinese side, Ambassador Fu, Counselor Qian, and Hu Jibang, and on the Soviet side, President Kemenov introduced me to several new guests: famous writers Ehrenburg and Simonov, chairman of the Writers' Union Nikolai Tikhonov, director of the First Far Eastern Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Deng Jin, chairman of the Art Committee directly under the Soviet Union Hrabchenko, vice chairman of the Higher Education Committee of the Soviet Union, Professor Kuzminich, and Professor Ten Conrad of the Academy of Communications. In addition, I knew Ambassador Petrov, Counsellor Mikrashevsky, Professor Stuart Ruwei, Director of the Institute of Oriental Cultures, Professor Fevetrov, Director of the Institute of Philosophy, Dr. Feschenko, Rector of the University of Oriental Languages, the poet Marshak, and friends from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Association for Foreign Culture.

The banquet began, and President Kemenov delivered a speech, reciting the typed manuscript, which was translated into Chinese by Comrade Wansikov, deputy director of the Far Eastern Department, and the Chinese translation was also prepared in advance. From here, you can see how thoughtful the hospitality was prepared. The most significant thing is that this date is especially chosen today, the day when the Soviet Union declared war on Japan, and this will definitely not be a coincidence. The news of the feast was notified by the embassy on the 5th, which shows that the date of the declaration of war by the Soviet Union had already been decided before the 5th. President Kay's address highlighted today's historic date.

At first, the president praised me, but it also meant encouragement. He said that I "have found in the heroic past of the Chinese people a vibrant traditional spirit that will promote today's democratic China to fight for domestic unity and to fight for the elimination of foreign invaders, the bandit Japanese imperialists." I didn't dare to say that I had "found", but I was trying my best to "find", and I was "looking" in the direction of this "promotion".

Then, the conversation turned: "Today is a day of great significance. The Soviet state, faithful to its obligations to its allies, had already declared war on Japan. We can now toast and wish us victory in our common struggle. ”

President Kay's speech was quite long, with four typescripts. He quoted the old saying that Plekhanov once quoted: "A friend of a friend is a friend, and the enemy of a friend is an enemy", China is a friend of the Soviet Union, so Japan, the enemy of China, is also the enemy of the Soviet Union. On the other hand, "a friend of an enemy is an enemy, and an enemy of an enemy is a friend", Japan is a friend of Germany, and it is hostile to all mankind, so Japan is also an enemy of the Soviet Union. He declared: "The day of vengeance has dawned." As a result of concerted efforts, this common enemy will be completely defeated. ”

Ambassador Fu then spoke, emphasizing the traditional friendship and cultural exchanges between China and the Soviet Union.

The president asked me to speak, and I asked Tsykhvinsky to translate for me. I expressed my deep gratitude to the Cultural Association and President Kai for making a detailed plan for me, which enabled me to travel to many places in a short period of time and get a lot of learning opportunities. Especially today, on such a historic anniversary, I was given a grand reception, which made me feel a glory that I will never forget. The dearest and most loyal friend of the Chinese people has declared war on our most stubborn and cruel enemy today, and I believe that the heroic Soviet people and the mighty Red Army will certainly deal a swift blow to the Japanese fascist bandits. The Chinese people are about to turn over, and this happiness and gratitude will inevitably spread throughout China like electricity, touching the hearts of 45,000,000 people throughout China. The victory in the war was predetermined, but after the victory was won, a fierce struggle was required, that is, to eradicate the fascist consciousness. It is the responsibility of cultural workers, and it is only on the basis of a progressive democratic culture that lasting peace can be established. We are willing to work closely with Soviet writers, scholars, and all cultural workers to accomplish this important mission.

Ambassador Petrov delivered a speech, toasting the victory of the joint armed forces of China and the Soviet Union and the leaders of China and the Soviet Union.

The two ambassadors were currently busy with the Sino-Soviet treaty agreement, and they had found time out of their busy schedules to attend the banquet, and after the other ambassadors finished their speeches, the two ambassadors jointly withdrew from the table.

Almost every guest in the audience gave me a word of encouragement. What struck me the most was Ehrenburg's fresh and literary rhetoric. When two warships meet at sea, they salute each other, and one writer must salute the other writer. He went on to say, "I heard that I am a romantic among Chinese writers, and that romantics are eternally young, and he wants to sing the praises of China's youth and my youth." Ehrenburg seems to have considered itself quite romantic.

When I heard people in China say that I was a "romantic", I felt that I was being scolded, but today I faintly feel glorious. Whether it's romantic or not, I can't guarantee it, but when it comes to youth, I do feel like this. Therefore I gave this general reply to the encouragement of all the people in the living room after the feast.