In the void of the solar system, a huge planet is constantly moving around the sun for a long time in the past, but unlike most planets in the solar system, the autobiographical direction of this planet is actually from east to west, which is diametrically opposed to the earth, if it is on Mars, the sun will come out in the west and set in the east.

Mars is slowly moving along its own orbit, and the "Ocean-Going" spacecraft is getting closer and closer to Mars, and there are still about 2 days to go before Mars, the reverse deceleration plasma engine on the spacecraft begins to work, and the speed of the spacecraft begins to decrease continuously, so that it can be captured by Mars' gravity at that time.

"Didi~~" Although there is still a day's trip to Mars, the scientists led by Li Fu have begun to work in an all-round way, all kinds of instruments are turned on, and all the data about Mars will soon be available.

When they are on Earth, scientists can measure distant celestial bodies according to astronomical telescopes and other instruments, and the data is very accurate.

Mars, with a mass of 6.4219×10²³kg, is about 1/10 of the Earth and 9 times that of the Moon (this place can reflect the importance of the Moon to mankind, and the nearest planet is only 9 times heavier than the Moon), with a diameter half of the Earth, a volume of only 15% of the Earth, and a surface area only the size of the Earth's land area.

The surface gravity is about 2.5 times that of the Moon and 2/5 of that of the Earth, which means that the Earth can lift 2 pounds of ants, and on Mars, it can lift 5 pounds of objects (eh, can ants lift such heavy things?). Author's bacteria).

The autobiographical period is 24.6229 hours, and the Earth's is 23 hours, 56 minutes and 3 seconds, which means that the day of Mars is more than 24 hours and half an hour, and the orbital period is 687 days, and the Earth's orbital period is 365.24219 days, which means that the time of the Mars year is 687 days.

Compared to the earth has only one little brother - the moon, Mars has 2 moons, Phobos and Deimos, but the quality of the little brother is not a level at all, there are many moons on Mars that can only be regarded as meteorites with large points, and the shape is still very irregular, not even a ball, it is really not even a sphere, and the mass of the two satellites is not enough to form enough gravity to shape its own image, and our moon is not at the same level at all.

The orbit of Mars is elliptical, so the temperature difference between perihelion and aphelion is almost 160 degrees Celsius in the place where the sun is exposed, which has a huge impact on the climate of Mars.

The average temperature on Mars is about minus 63 degrees, but it has a huge temperature difference from minus 133 degrees in winter to nearly 27 degrees in summer during the day. That is to say, most of the time here is colder than the coldest North and South Poles on the earth, the coldest time even reaches minus 133 degrees, and the hottest time is only 27 degrees, the temperature difference is huge, even the penguin Jun said that he will be frozen, not to mention humans, it is too cold here, let's go back to the earth.

The density of the atmosphere of Mars is only about 1% of that of the Earth, very dry, the temperature is low, the average surface temperature is minus 55 °C, water and carbon dioxide are easy to freeze, and the main components of the atmosphere are carbon dioxide (95.3%) plus nitrogen (2.7%), argon (1.6%) and trace amounts of oxygen (0.15%) and water vapor (0.03%).

The composition of the earth's atmosphere is mainly nitrogen, accounting for 78.1%; oxygen accounted for 20.9%; argon accounted for 0.93%; There are also small amounts of carbon dioxide, noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon) and water vapor.

Compared with us, we found that the content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of Mars is too high, the oxygen is almost negligible, and the rare gas is not much different, which is not suitable for the survival of earthlings at all, the atmosphere is small and the oxygen content is too low!

……

"Can this really be transformed into a habitable place for humans? It's simply impossible! "In the face of such harsh conditions, even almighty scientists shook their heads, it was too difficult!

"It's interesting when it's difficult, we scientists just have to do the impossible!" Li Fu shook his head when he saw where the other scientists were, and hurriedly cheered everyone up.

"Li Fu, it's okay to say everything else on Mars, it's this atmosphere and water, I think it's the biggest test, the temperature is low, we test by setting up a reflector in space to increase the light and raise the temperature, but this water and the atmosphere are ......"

Li Fu's teacher, Liu Yi, looked at the data of Mars one by one, and the whole person couldn't help but shake his head.

"Don't worry, let's look at the north and south poles of Mars, the reflectivity here is very high, maybe it's really as Uncle Sam scientists estimated, there is really solid carbon dioxide here, maybe there will be water in its depth, and everyone look at the traces left by those ancient lakes and rivers on Mars, I think there is really water on Mars!" Compared with others, Li Fu seems more confident.

"The temperature is so low that even if there is liquid, it is not necessarily water!" Liu Shiying also shook his head, and objected to Li Fu's optimism, scientists are like this, I don't care who you are, as long as you can't convince me and can't come up with real evidence, I dare to oppose you.

"Whether there is water or not, I will know tomorrow, and then I will go directly to Mars to take some samples and come back!" Li Fu talked and smiled.

As Mars gets closer and closer, the data obtained by scientists is constantly being revised, and the red Mars is slowly enlarged, because of the thin atmosphere, the surface of Mars can be clearly observed from the space of Mars, and the entire planet is red and yellow.

Mars is basically a desert planet, the surface of the sand dunes, gravel everywhere, Mars geological activity is relatively inactive, most of the surface landforms are formed in ancient times more active, there are dense craters, volcanoes and canyons, including the highest mountain in the solar system - Mount Olympus and the largest canyon - Mariner Canyon.

Another unique topographical feature is the stark difference between the northern and southern hemispheres, with the ancient, crater-filled highlands in the south and the younger plains in the north.

At the same time, as we have seen before, there is a thick polar crown at the north and south poles of Mars, and as for the composition scientists can completely determine, that is, dry ice and water!

"Mars really has water!" After being confirmed, many scientists, including Liu Yi, were ecstatic, and the question that had plagued geoscientists for hundreds of years was finally answered accurately.

You must know that since the beginning of the last century, when human eyes shifted from the earth to the interstellar universe, Mars has always been a planet suitable for future immigrants imagined by human beings, and the debate about whether there is water on Mars has also plagued scientists on Earth, and countries such as Uncle Sam and the Great Polar Bear have even launched many probes to Mars.

However, due to the problems of technology and distance, the question of whether Mars has water has not been accurately answered.

Now, scientists who have reached the orbit of Mars can finally determine that the polar crown covered by the north and south poles of Mars really contains water, and the amount of water should not be small.

"There's water!" Li Fu, who also got accurate news, also had a smile on his face, for transforming the planet for immigration, the most urgent need is water! As long as there is water, other conditions can be transformed by scientific means, but if there is no water, everything is blind!

You can't say that you can transport water from Earth, you must know that even with the sheer size of the "Ocean Coast", it cannot transport much water at one time, and this water is even more insignificant for a planet.

"If all this ice on Mars melts, it can increase the density of the current Martian atmosphere by 20 times, that is, reach 20% of the density of the earth's atmosphere, and at the same time can obtain about 10,000 cubic kilometers of water, only 1/35 of the earth's freshwater resources, and 1/130,000 of the earth's water resources!"

Li Quanjiang frowned and calculated the water resources on Mars, this Mars has water, but this water is too little! Only 1/35 of the earth's freshwater resources, 1/130,000 of the earth's water resources, too little!

With such a little water resource, in addition to all kinds of water that cannot be used, it will be emitted into the air, and there will be less water that can be used by human beings at that time!

There is water in water, but this amount is too small, which makes the scientists who have just been happy for a long time shake their heads again!

However, the density of the atmosphere can be increased by 20 times, which is very good, you must know that the ice here is basically composed of dry ice and water, after melting them, carbon dioxide can rise into the atmosphere, increasing the density of the atmosphere, carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, which is very helpful for raising the temperature of Mars.

"Li Fu, this water is too little, and the mud is not enough. The polar crowns of the north and south poles of Mars contain too much carbon dioxide and too little water. Liu Shiying said with a helpless smile, what he said and thin mud refers to the evaporation of water and then the fall on Mars in the form of precipitation.

"Things have to be looked at from two sides, there is water on this Mars, maybe there will be liquid water under the thick north and south ice caps of Mars, and then maybe primitive life can be found."

Compared with the disappointment of others, Liu Yi was very happy, although the water content of this Martian is small, but after all, there is still water, and if there is water, there may be life, which is very helpful for him to study the origin of life and extraterrestrial life.

"Unless there is still a lot of water under Mars, the little water that Mars has discovered now is not enough to transform Mars into a planet suitable for human habitation!" Liu Shiying shook his head, still obsessed with whether he could transform Mars into a new cradle of mankind.

"If Mars is to be transformed into a planet suitable for human habitation, it needs at least the water resources of the northern hemisphere of Mars to cover the plains, which requires at least 30 times more water than it is now, that is, it is enough to move all the fresh water on the earth."

"Don't worry, there will be bread, there will be houses, and water will be there." Li Fu said with certainty that a large amount of water has been found on Mars, so it is likely that scientists will not be wrong in estimating that Jupiter's moons contain a lot of water resources.

Water resources are widely found in the universe, and some studies believe that Europa on Jupiter's moons contains several times more water than the entire Earth.

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