In the blink of an eye, three months passed. It's New Year's Day soon. Chinese New Year has always been one of the most important festivals in China, and it is a day for families to reunite and celebrate the New Year. After the Chinese public had televisions, watching the Spring Festival Gala became a necessary entertainment item for the Chinese New Year every year. And it's the Spring Festival again, and many people are beginning to pay attention to which stars will perform at this year's Spring Festival Gala. It is reported that after 20 years, Chen Peisi and Zhu Shimao will return to the Spring Festival Gala hand in hand again. However, we have always thought that the Spring Festival Gala is a celebration only in modern times, but in fact, it has existed since ancient times.

The Palace Museum Yangxin Hall conservation project has entered the renovation stage in September, and the Palace Museum's engineering management office has also started the work on the protection of Chinese objects and the maintenance area, as well as the repair of scaffolding. When the staff of the Forbidden City were repairing and maintaining the Heart Cultivation Palace, they found two scenes in a very secret corner. This twist found in the wind carving of the golden pillar brick is relatively soft, and the color is a little yellow due to time, but the handwriting on it is still very clear.

After analyzing the content of the plays, it was found that these two playbooks were written on the program lists submitted on the 19th winter month of the 24th year of Qianlong. In these two lists, there are 19 program names and specific cast and crew names, which is a detailed performance list, and the content of the two plays is similar, and researchers confirm that this is the Chinese New Year's Eve program list hosted by the relevant departments of Qianlong in the 24th year, that is, Qianlong's "Spring Festival Gala" program schedule.

After checking, there is no such cultural relics in the Palace Museum, which is a brand new discovery, this belongs to Qianlong's "Spring Festival Gala" program list of discoveries will help to make a deeper study of Qing Dynasty culture and court opera, etc., now these two plays have been sent back to the custodian group, and they will be restored in the future, and after the end of the research, the appropriate opportunity will be selected for the Palace Museum to exhibit.

In the Qing Dynasty, both popular literature and orthodox literature made brilliant achievements (the curriculum can be divided into two parts: popular and orthodox).

The position and proportion of Qing Dynasty opera in Qing Dynasty literature (omitted).

The Qing Dynasty was a new period of prosperity in the development of ancient opera, with great development in drama creation (miscellaneous operas, legends) and drama theory, and many outstanding opera artists and works, as well as many opera theorists, critics and drama monographs. In addition, local opera has gradually developed with the decline of classical opera, and has become a new variety that is famous in the theater world.

There was a Qing generation, and the prosperity period of classical opera was in the early Qing Dynasty (Shun, Kang).

Chapter 1: Early Qing Opera and the Suzhou School

The first section of the early Qing Dynasty drama world

In the early Qing Dynasty, after the high prosperity of opera in the late Ming Dynasty, the climax of opera creation further developed in the direction of depth.

Reasons for the prosperity of opera in the early Qing Dynasty:

1. The reasons for the development of art. It carries on the aftermath of the high prosperity of opera in the late Ming Dynasty; The revival of local opera flourished on the stage when classical opera was in decline.

2. Socio-historical reasons. The vicissitudes of the Ming and Qing dynasties made the development of opera have a deep performance content and mass foundation, and the profundity and shock of this change are unprecedented (Gu Yanwu bitterly stated the difference between "the death of the world" and the rise and fall of the country. The giants of history include: the rise of the Manchu Qing Dynasty and the entry of Qing troops, Li Zicheng's uprising, the Jiashen Change, the rise and fall of the Southern Ming Dynasty, Shi Kefa's resistance to the Qing Dynasty, the "Yangzhou Ten Days" and the "Jiading Three Massacres", the dispute between the Fushe and the Eunuch Party, the "Rebellion of the Three Feudatories", etc.), at that time, people from all walks of life could not stay out of things and detached. The opera artist has personally experienced this historical change, and the ups and downs of his life experience make him indifferent, and he has been tempered by the national integrity, etiquette, righteousness and humility are like bones and throats, loyalty and filial piety are like thorns in the back, and he uses the stage song to laugh and scold to write my depression and complaints. Of course, there are also those who have not personally experienced the changes of the Ming and Qing dynasties, such as Hong Sheng, Kong Shangren, etc., but they are also deeply influenced by the ideology of the remnants at that time, and they can also feel the agitation of national contradictions.