The Old Testament, chapter 30 of the Bible, the Old Testament, says: "Take the spices, i.e., soy, myrrh, maple, and pure frankincense, and all the spices must weigh the same, and then make incense according to the technique used to make the spices." The spices mentioned in the article are all made from natural substances such as resins, some of which are still in use today.

In the same chapter there is also an account of the manufacture of sesame oil, using liquid myrrh, cinnamon, cinnamon sticks, and olive oil.

As the demand for spices increases, the bark of grass roots is difficult to handle and transport, and flowers cannot be supplied in all seasons.

So in the Middle Ages, the Arabs started the spice industry and used distillation to extract oil from flowers, most famously rose oil and rose water.

After the Middle Ages, there was trade between Asia and Europe, and spices were one of the important items. Chinese spices were also shipped to the West along the Silk Road.

The oldest perfume from 1370 i.e

"Hungarian water" was introduced, which was also the earliest attempt to extract aromatic substances from ethanol. In the beginning, it may have been distilled from one variety of rosemary, followed by lavender and oregano.

At this time, the fragrance is a big step forward from the original use of pure natural spice plants to fragrance, and there are essential oils such as spices, flowers, fruits, wood, and other spices, plants, essential oils, balms, etc. for perfumers, and the aroma or fragrance is becoming more and more complex.

In 1670 Mari Sherdumon was created into a fragrant powder, called

"La Poudreala Marechale" has been famous for two centuries and is also considered a model for a new fragrance formula.

In the mid-17th century, it was discovered that not only natural plant essential oils were used in perfumery, but also natural animal fragrances, and in 1708 the London perfumer Charles Leeley made a scented snuff that contained

A comprehensive aroma of "ambergris, orange blossom, musk, civet and violet". In 1708 the famous cologne (Eaudecologne, also known as Cologne water) was introduced, its original purpose was to have detoxification and sterilization properties, but because of its interesting and harmonious citrus aroma and herb aroma, it was quickly and universally used as gargle, this fragrance is very popular, and the herb fragrance is popular all over the world, and it is still popular today, and has been greatly improved and developed.

This is indeed a highly successful perfume creation. Before the 18th century, perfumers had access to only natural flora and fauna fragrances provided by nature.

The formulated perfumes and essences, although they are an improvement over the original fragrances, have certain limitations after all, so they are called

"Natural" perfumery. After entering the nineteenth century, with the rapid development of organic chemistry and synthetic fragrance industry, many new spices have come out one after another, and the imagination of perfumers has become richer and richer.

The first synthetic fragrance was made in 1834, when nitrobenzene was synthesized. Soon it was discovered that the main ingredient of wintergreen oil was methyl salicylate, and the composition of bitter almond oil was benzaldehyde, and these spices were chemically synthesized.

In 1868, coumarin, the aroma component of hay, was synthesized, and in 1893, ionone, the aroma component of violet, was synthesized, and these compounds entered the market as important synthetic fragrances.

Perfumes in their modern form only entered the market in the second half of the 19th century, with the establishment of fragrance companies in the south of France.