5. Safety technology for lifting and transportation operations in steelmaking plants

The raw materials, semi-finished products, and finished products required in the steelmaking process all need lifting equipment and locomotives for transportation, and there are many risk factors in the transportation process.

(1) Danger: Lifting objects fall and injure people; Lifting objects collide with each other; molten iron and molten steel tipping over and injuring people; Vehicles hit people.

(2) Safety measures: Sufficient space should be considered in the design of the plant; Innovate equipment and strengthen maintenance; improve the operational level of workers; Strictly abide by safety production procedures.

6. Accident prevention measures and technology for steelmaking production

(1) Safety requirements for steelmaking plants. It should be considered that the structure of the steelmaking plant can withstand high-temperature radiation; It has sufficient strength and stiffness to withstand loads and collisions such as ladles, ladles, ingots and billets without deformation; There is a spacious working environment, good ventilation and lighting, which is conducive to heat dissipation and exhaust flue gas, and the safety requirements of personnel should be fully considered.

(2) Explosion-proof safety measures. Molten steel, molten iron, steel slag, and slag from the bottom of a steelmaking furnace are high-temperature melts that explode when in contact with water. When 1 kg of water is completely turned into steam, its volume increases by about 1500 times, which is extremely destructive. The main situations of explosion in the steelmaking plant due to the molten material when it encounters water are: converter, open-hearth furnace oxygen gun, converter hood, high and medium pressure cooling water leakage of the crystallizer of the continuous caster, which penetrates the melt and explodes; The water-cooled parts of steelmaking furnaces, refining furnaces, and continuous casting crystallizers are blocked due to the backwater blockage, resulting in continuous heating and explosions; Explosion occurs when steelmaking furnaces, molten steel tanks, molten iron tanks, intermediate tanks, and slag tanks leak steel, slag leakage and overturning; Explosion occurs when the molten steel, molten iron, and liquid slag are filled into wet molten steel tanks, molten iron tanks, intermediate tanks, and slag tanks; Explosion caused by heat release tank, slag discharge, and slag turning into tank pit or slag pit with damp waste and stagnant water; Explosions caused by the addition of damp material to the steelmaking furnace; The steel leakage of the steel casting system and the contact with the wet ground caused an explosion. The main measures to prevent the explosion of molten materials in case of water are to ensure a safe water supply to the cooling water system, and the water quality should be purified and not leaked; Materials, containers, and work sites must be dry.

And the high-tech steelmaking method has huge benefits. Outside the furnace refining technology is an advanced technology to improve product quality and reduce production costs, and is an indispensable and important part of modern steelmaking process, with metallurgical functions such as precise control of chemical composition and temperature, exclusion of inclusions, reduction and removal of S, Ca treatment of slag topping, morphology control of inclusions, removal of impurities such as H, O, C, S, and vacuum degassing. Only by strengthening the role of each function can the advantages of refining outside the furnace be brought into full play and high-quality pure steel grades can be produced.

Converter steelmaking is to use molten iron, scrap steel, and ferroalloy as the main raw materials, without the help of external energy, relying on the physical heat of the molten iron itself and the chemical reaction between the components of the molten iron to generate heat. The converter is divided into acidic and alkaline according to the refractory material, and there are top blowing, bottom blowing and side blowing according to the part where the gas is blown into the furnace; According to the type of gas, it is divided into air converter and oxygen converter. Alkaline oxygen top blowing and top bottom double blowing converter are the most commonly used steelmaking equipment due to their fast production speed, large output, high output of single furnace, low cost and low investment. Converters are mainly used for the production of carbon steel, alloy steel, and the smelting of copper and nickel. If the steelmaking method used in the next war had been more precise, it would have won.