Chapter 57: The Special Theory of Relativity

"I need a 2.5-gallon container, a small plastic coolant, a liter of pure isopropyl alcohol or pure methanol, a black cloth that is large enough and the same size as the top of the container — preferably aluminum because it conducts heat better than steel, 1 pound of dry ice, a bright light source like a high-powered flashlight, a strong magnet or a low-radiation source such as a smoke detector, an old Coleman lampshade or some old ceramic with cobalt in it, and a monitor."

This monitor can be replaced by an MP3 of a martyr's death.

But the rest—

The four of them tried all means to find it, but they could only make up a seven, seven, eighty, eight, eight, and eight, which also looted a copy of the 82-year-old cottage Lafite, I don't know what he did when he came to the desert with a bottle and two pots?

Li Luant first pounced on the felt cloth he found at the bottom of the container and glued it firmly with black electrical glue.

Because there is no plastic coolant, but as long as you find a way to purify the carbon dioxide, you can parse the dry ice from it, put the dry ice at the bottom of the radiator, and add a little alcohol to the mixture to form a slurry that gives it better thermal contact with the metal plate.

Next, cover the dry ice with a metal plate, and paint the side of the metal plate away from the dry ice to black.

Then place the container – place the alcohol-soaked black felt cloth facing up so that the metal plate covers the dry ice. Establish a good thermal contact between dry ice and sheet metal. The temperature of the mixture of dry ice and alcohol should be around -70°C or -94°F.

Wrap the edge of the junction between the metal plate and the container with electrical tape to seal the cloud chamber above the metal plate.

It is necessary to prevent the top temperature of the cloud chamber from becoming too low. The bottom temperature of the cloud chamber should be close to -60°C (-76°F) to ensure the formation of supersaturated steam. However, the top temperature of the cloud chamber should be kept close to room temperature (22°C or 72°F) to facilitate the evaporation of alcohol. In order to accomplish this, the top of the cloud chamber needs to be heated by hand or by other means to maintain a proper temperature gradient.

Light is irradiated from one side of the container onto the metal plate. Units should be stacked like this, from top to bottom.

"Drip-"

"Tick-"

After about fifteen minutes, the particles pass a few centimeters of steam above the metal plate and begin to form alcohol droplets.

Wogua looked at it for a long time, and his head was counted, but he didn't see anything.

"I said shell lang, I heard you say that the cloud room cloud room, I thought it was something amazing, it turned out to be a sauna - and your sauna is too low-level, it is actually so much water vapor for a long time, if this is a bath, let alone mud, even the beautiful boy of this beautiful boy can't be rubbed!"

"Once you've created fog droplets in the supersaturated alcohol vapor, you should start looking at the spider-web-like trails at the bottom of the cloud chamber, which are cosmic rays that can be observed about a few times a minute."

On a simple display modified by the Li Green Ant, the magnet is observing how the trajectory of the example is affected, paying particular attention to how the direction of the initial velocity of the particle changes under the action of the magnetic field in the north-south direction.

Once started, it is helpful to record particle trajectories and provide an opportunity to analyze the particle trajectories in detail. Still photography, however, is difficult because the trajectory generated by particle motion is very random and the trajectory disappears quickly. Extracting a still image from a recorded video is more likely to produce a clear image of the trajectory.

"You see, these are α particles, and α particles are formed by the combination of protons and neutrons, forming a long, narrow and clear trajectory about 1 cm long."

"It's β particle, it's made of electrons, and its orbit is thinner and longer, 3-10cm long."

These trajectories start straight and then quickly split into a different direction. The twists and turns on the display also indicate that the direction of motion of the meson will deviate after expelling an electron from an air molecule -

At the beginning, a meson collides with an atom, the meson is deflected, and the electron is knocked out of the atom, leaving a second weak trajectory.

Then the meson decays, and the meson spontaneously becomes one electron and two neutrons, and the neutron does not leave a trajectory in the cloud chamber, and what may be seen is a zigzag trajectory representing the low-level particles after being dispersed many times.

The orbit in which the meson begins to move is a straight line, but then moves separately at a large angle, most likely during the spontaneous decay of the meson to form an electron. Electrons can be seen as an elongated trajectory of motion. The 2 neutrons do not form a vapor trajectory and they are not visible because the neutrons are not charged.

If you look at the chamber from the front, the stream of particles is coming in from the left side of the chamber, the north pole of the magnet points to the top of the chamber, and the trajectory bends towards the back of the chamber of the negatively charged particles. is positively charged, and particles bent towards the front of the chamber are negatively charged.

"Drip-"

"Drip-"

Time passed minute by minute, and the stomach of the nest melon next to him rang again, although Jing Qiongshuang and the black glasses and others did not understand the principles of the operation, but what they were sure of was not these principles, but that Li Green Ant would definitely be able to take them out of the predicament!!

Li Luant looked at the material display traces on the MP3, and the data in his mind was still spinning rapidly.

Musons are one of the many kinds of subatomic particles that can be detected in cloud chambers. A meson and an electron have the same charge, but it weighs 207 times more than an electron. When cosmic rays hit the upper layers of the Earth's atmosphere, they produce mesons, which are very unstable and decompose into other kinds of particles immediately after they are generated.

After the formation of a meson in the top layer of the atmosphere, it decays in a period of 2.2 μs or 0.0000022s. 1μS is 1/10-6s. In this time, the meson will only move 659m, or 0.659km. Because they form 10-15 km above the Earth's surface, most of the mesons decay before they reach the Earth's surface.

The trouble is, how is it possible for mesons to reach the ground from above the atmosphere they generated before the decay is finished?

Even if the mesons are moving at a speed greater than 99% of the speed of light, they don't have enough time to move to the ground and no mesons are visible at all.

However, because the mesons are moving too fast – according to Einstein's theory of relativity – their time slows down.

In fact, one can see mesons on the surface of the earth to prove Einstein's theory of relativity, from which the time of moving particles can be calculated.

v is the velocity of the particle, where v is 0.99c and c is the speed of light. From the point of view of Einstein's theory of relativity, the lifetime of the meson becomes longer (35 μs), which gives it enough time for it to pass through the Earth's atmosphere before decaying.

Li Luant's heart suddenly trembled, and with a look of disbelief on his face, he looked at the three of them.

"Oh no, we've been tricked."

Twenty years ago -

"Whew-"

In the dark underground fortress, an old man with a wrinkled face was running desperately in the aisle, if Wogua and the others could see the familiar green train, they would be surprised, because this was not another place, it was the route that Li Luant had fled with Wogua before.

"死ぬべきで、私はただこれらの不治の死と痛痛の武士を建したいと思って、しかしこれまでこれらの鬼のものの中の一人にもなりたくないで、もしかするとToday本当に天は私を死にますか?"

In the darkness, black shadows rushed like tarsal bones, their eyes flashing with the smell of death and decay, and the only task they had instilled in their nerve centers before they were alienated in their lives was only one thing: to kill all living creatures that set foot in this underground fortress, no matter who they were!!

The creature in front of him, even if he was once one of his own, is now a "different creature": kill him, kill him!!

The old man gasped for breath, feeling the breath of hell in the walking corpses that were pouring in like a tide behind him.

These warriors were all made by him, although they were orders from above, but without exception, he was the executioner who pressed the button, if it weren't for him, these battles would not have been invaded by those sarin poisonous gases in an instant, and they would have become warriors who knew no pain and lived forever.

Speaking of which, they were supposed to serve him as their master, but the General's final order forced him to change the setting to kill all creatures that set foot on this place.

He lost control of the walking dead, and hid in the small, dark cavern every day, guarding the countless pieces of dry battery power that maintained the entire underground fortress, which was provided for a long time, but what about food and water?

It's something that only exists on earth—

After two days of hunger and thirst, the old man finally came up impatiently, but was found by one of the walking corpses, and was besieged here.

"Baga, Baga!!"

The walking corpse is like a monster that does not know how to be satisfied, and only knows how to satisfy its deepest desires, which is to gnaw away this alien race and restore peace here.

"私が君たちを作ったのだから,君たちは我々の命令に従わなければならない!!"

"お前たちは下克上だ,八方塞がりだ,私にチャンスをつかませたら,きっとお前たちを皆殺しにする!!"

"お前たちはお前たちの行為に代価を払う。 大日本皇はお前たちを簡単には許さない!! ”

…………

The old man's angry shout did not arouse the slightest expression of those walking corpses, but aroused the bloodthirsty desire of the other party.

At the turn ahead, there is an unavoidable solid wall, and there is no way out.

The old man was not as familiar with this place as he was underground, and he strayed into a dead end for a while, and could no longer escape.

!!

“どうして?”

There was no way back, he was dripping with cold sweat, the roar of those things, with thousands of walking corpses, was about to crush himself to pieces, and the old man's face suddenly showed a dead ash.

"Bang-"

"Scandium—"

It was the momentum and sound of those things knocking down obstacles in the road and rushing towards them in a devastating manner.

Are you going to die?

It is said that before a person dies, he will see the most important thing in his mind, but he feels that the most important thing has been almost destroyed after meeting the "general", and now the only remaining life will be turned into a wreckage.

Suddenly, there was an uninvited figure in the darkness, and he pulled the old man into the room next to him, and the old man was about to exclaim, but the man in his ear whispered in fluent Japanese, "Do you want to live, or do you want to die?" ”

Li Luant looked at the three people who didn't know how to do it with an ugly face-

"Some of the radioactive elements or isotopes in the word rays are made up of charged particles. When these charged particles pass through the saturated alcohol vapor chamber, the particles ionize the vapor molecules. The vapor droplets condense in the particle's path of motion, leaving behind the particle's path – a visible trajectory. The collision either changes the trajectory of the particles or causes a subatomic event, resulting in the formation of an entirely new mixture of particles. It is necessary to follow the law of conservation of momentum and the law of conservation of mass, which helps to distinguish the types of particles, including those that are not visible. Particles that are not ionized, such as neutrons, do not leave visible trajectories. ”

"But we see such a clear trace of neutrons in this cloud room, and I have even calculated it, what does this mean?"

Wogua thought for a long time, tentatively, "It means that this neutron is awesome, it is first, and it flies in the sea?" ”

Another trajectory on the display is a positron trajectory, which is more difficult to distinguish from other positively charged particles. However, simply knowing that many of the events in the cloud chamber are positrons is significant in itself.

The positron is the antimatter version of the electron, and when one positron collides with the antimatter electron, the two annihilate each other and release energy.

Although it may be difficult to determine this event, it is common for positrons and negatives to be annihilated in the cloud chamber.

Cosmic rays are made up of charged subatomic particles and constantly hit the Earth's surface. These particles can be observed by looking at their trajectories in a saturated vapor called a cloud chamber device.

And now it should have been canceled out by the two phases, and the electrons with positrons and antimatter were left behind, not to mention, leaving traces of neutrons -

Hiss –

Li Luant's throat was dry and difficult, "What we see from beginning to end is not an illusion, but this space, which is a huge illusion!" ”

They were tricked.

The special theory of relativity does not work here at all, not only does it not work, but it also leaves such terrible traces and encounters -

The sarcophagus in this space is the central point that triggers this space, from beginning to end, there is no special illusion overlap, their current body should be somewhere else, but the mind enters this space strangely because of some strong interference.

There is no doubt that the only one who can do all this, except for the master who is proficient in metaphysics and feng shui, is only his own teacher, Jiang Yunsu!!

"Do you want to live, or do you want to die?"

The man in the dark spoke Japanese very fluently, but the reason why the old man instantly judged that he was a Chinese was because he touched the military uniform he was wearing, which was very special and seemed to be the signature wear of a certain organization.

Before this underground fortress, there was also a group of people who spoke Chinese, and the clothes they wore were exactly the same as this person.

"Of course I want to live."

The old man answered the man's question in Japanese, and the man seemed to be young, but the way he spoke was old-fashioned.

"Very good, I am very satisfied with this answer, if you want to live, I need your help too."

Output——

The old man's heart trembled, and suddenly there was a "boom boom" slamming sound outside the door: Oh no, those things have found here!!

"Hurry up and make up your mind, it's up to you whether you want this life or not!"

The old man was struggling, "What do you want me to do?" ”

"It's very simple, I need you to help me do two things, first, kill me."

The old man's face tightened, and he couldn't believe what he heard.

"What is said here is that killing me does not refer to me now, but to me who came here twenty years later, if in twenty years, there is a young man who looks similar to me and is surrounded by a group of people and comes here, you don't need to doubt, I want you to kill me in every possible way!"

The old man was full of doubts, but he still vaguely agreed, "But we are now facing the danger of death, and we don't know if we can survive or not, so how can we help you?" ”

"You tell me the composition of the sarin gas you used—"

The old man looked at him in surprise, as if to ask him how he knew—

But when he saw the man's determined face in the light, he hesitated for a long time, but he still truthfully explained all the ingredients.

The young man thought for a while, and the slamming sound outside the door was like a bamboo, and it seemed that rushing in was instantaneous.

The ingredients are clear, and it only takes a few minutes to reorder these things to quiet them down.

"Is there a lab here? Is there anything left of what you just said? ”

"Yes, yes, but those doses were calculated by engineers a thousand times, how do you-"

"You don't need to worry about that."

He had already observed everything on the way here, and knew in his heart that as for how to silence these tens of thousands of walking corpses in an instant, he only needed a transmission container with a volume of SL to be connected to the explosion chamber, and the gas pressure injected into the transmission container could reach 2.0MPa.

The propagation vessel is equipped with a 19mm quick-open valve, which can make the gas in the container eject within 10ms when the valve is opened. The gas container is connected to a semicircular nozzle installed in the explosion chamber by means of a tube with an inner diameter of 19 mm.

The inner diameter of the semicircular nozzle is 19mm, and the nozzle is distributed with a bore diameter of 4~6mm, and the total cross-sectional area of the fumale is about 300mm.

And knowing this, is enough!!