"Yes, 500 to 600 degrees Celsius, maybe the temperature will be a little higher at the moment of thermal shock when the plasma bursts, but this temperature will not exceed 1,000 degrees Celsius."

In the vacuum environment in the stellarumer, the temperature propagation mainly depends on plasma irradiation and infrared radiation, and there will be no time in life that even if a furnace is blocked, there is air circulation as the temperature propagation medium.

"With the first two layers of ceramic movable interlayer blocking, they replaced the first inner wall material with carbon fiber material in the demonstration pile.

Carbon nanomaterials have a melting point temperature of up to 3000 degrees Celsius in a vacuum environment, and their thermal conductivity far exceeds that of all metal materials......

"Wait, Professor Lu."

Academician Wang suddenly interrupted when he heard this, and asked: "Carbon materials were tried as early as ten years ago to make the first inner wall, but because the compatibility of carbon and hydrogen is not good, it will react to form methane, and it will not take long for this scheme to be eliminated." ”

Hearing Professor Lu's title, Lu Yi smiled and said, "Academician Wang, the carbon material used ten years ago was graphite, which is really not good, it will react with various isotopes of hydrogen, including hydrogen, to generate methane.

But now it's made of carbon nanotubes or graphene, which are molded with carbon fiber.

The unique physicochemical properties of carbon nanomaterials do not react with hydrogen to form methane like graphite when the operating temperature does not exceed 1000 degrees Celsius. ”

"Professor Lu, carbon nanomaterials do not react with hydrogen to form methane in this environment, but carbon nanotubes or graphene have a natural adsorption and storage effect on hydrogen."

Another nuclear fusion expert who has studied carbon nanomaterials asked: "If the Max Planck laboratory follows this scheme, the tritium nuclei that are discrete from the confined magnetic field, or the tritium elements that are recycled by the reaction cycle of the lithium cladding at the back, will be adsorbed into the carbon nanowall material, forming a more serious tritium retention problem." ”

"The problem is actually very simple, the adsorption of hydrogen by carbon nanomaterials is not without an upper limit, just feed it in advance.

In addition, in order to prevent the loss of tritium caused by the replacement of hydrogen in carbon nanomaterials by tritium during the operation of the reactor, Max Planck Labs doped a certain proportion of the lithium isotope 7Li in the lithium cladding in addition to the 6Li material commonly used in the lithium fusion lithium breeder cladding.

The neutron reacts with 6Li to produce helium-4 and tritium, while with 7Li reacts to produce helium-4 and tritium plus a neutron.

Of course, compared with the reaction between 6Li and neutrons, the reaction between 7Li and neutrons is too weak, and in high probability, neutrons will pass through the door 10 without entering, which is not too suitable for nuclear fusion lithium breeding cladding.

However, in this scheme, the lithium breeding cladding is doped with a certain proportion of 7Li isotopes, even if the reaction is weak, but the reaction is to earn one, which just makes up for the tritium retention part of the carbon nano inner wall material. ”

"The tritium and helium produced by the reaction of neutrons and lithium are in the form of gases, and the solubility of tritium and helium in liquid lithium is almost zero, and a certain force is applied to the lithium breeding cladding to make it flow and stir.

The tritium and helium gas produced by the reaction then float up to the lithium breeder envelope due to density, and these gases are then recovered and injected into the plasma reaction orbit.

Finally, a layer of beryllium oxide is wrapped behind the lithium breeding cladding to reflect the neutrons that penetrate the cladding back, isolating the neutron radioactivity in the reactor and avoiding the waste of neutron escape.

That's how the whole structure and operation of the Max Planck Labs nuclear fusion demonstration reactor works, and the whole design improvement is simple, but we can't do it. ”

Lu Yi's words fell, and everyone present was a little silent.

They understood that the demonstration reactor of the Max Planck laboratory was built, and after several tests and adjustments to the equipment and instruments, it can be said that it has reached the standard of commercial application.

After all, there are not many problems with the stellarator's controllable nuclear fusion device, and there are no problems such as tokmak's magnetic plane tearing and magnetic islands.

Solve the problem of tritium recycling, solve the problem of high temperature and material denaturation caused by plasma irradiation, and solve the problem of neutron irradiation, then the next thing is nothing more than boiling water.

Boiling water to convert the energy produced by nuclear fusion into electricity is something that everyone has been doing for hundreds of years.

If you want to be higher and have a higher energy efficiency, you can combine ferrofluid power generation with boiling water.

The energy released by fusion and the energy generated by high-energy neutrons are left over after reacting with lithium to form tritium, which is used to boil water, and another product of nuclear fusion, helium ions at temperatures of 100 million degrees Celsius, can be used to generate electricity from ferrofluids.

However, such a scheme and design can only be seen but not eaten, and in the process of the active ceramic sandwich spiral surrounding the outer diameter of the plasma track, the stability of the activity is very high, and it must be as smooth as silk, without too much friction and collision.

Otherwise, the falling material will enter the plasma, which will cause great pollution, at least the nuclear fusion reactor will be shut down, the equipment and instruments will be destroyed, and the entire reactor will explode.

Behind these requirements, the processing accuracy involved is unattainable by the current industrial level of Huaguo.

"Lu Lu, we may be able to use carbon nanomaterials as the first inner wall material."

Zhang Qing, who was sitting next to Lu Yi, suddenly said after discussing with Lin Meng for a while.

"This won't work."

An expert in the conference room who studies carbon materials shook his head: "The heat resistance and radiation resistance of carbon nanomaterials can meet the needs of the first inner wall, but the thermal conductivity is too strong.

If the plasma radiation received by the first inner wall is not isolated as in Max Planck Laboratories and the temperature is controlled below the boiling point of lithium, the high temperature generated by the plasma will be transmitted to the back faster than the heat dissipation speed, causing vaporization of the cladding. ”

"This problem can be solved."

Zhang Qing took the data results from Lin Meng's modeling and analysis, and said confidently: "For example, add an extra layer of nano-ceramic material between the carbon nanomaterial and the liquid lithium proliferation cladding on the first inner wall to buffer the temperature, so that more heat dissipation time can be obtained." ”

"The thermal conductivity of nano-ceramics is very poor, and the temperature will accumulate on the ceramic layer, and over time, the temperature of the ceramic layer will still exceed the boiling point temperature of lithium."

This time, it was Academician Wang who put forward a veto, and he had tested ceramic materials on tokmaks, but it didn't work.

"What if it's multi-layered?"

Zhang Qing put his left hand on the table, his right hand overlapped on it, and his expression was a little flying: "Carbon nanomaterials - ceramic layer - carbon nanomaterials - ceramic layers such as multi-layer composite structures, carbon nanomaterials do rapid heat dissipation, ceramic layers do temperature buffering, space size problems, we can process a single layer of materials thinner......"