Basics: A basic understanding of the principle of velocity superposition is required.

Super-Outline Content: The Concept of Gauges.

——

"Wanxing, what's the matter?" An Chen asked calmly.

Ji Wanxing handed her the display screen in his hand, which was drawing the geometric meaning of v^2/c^2 that An Chen was thinking about.

"I'll go back and do the math, and the v^2/c^2 item in the back seems to be really right." Ji Wanxing said with some excitement, "Because the speed of light is the fastest speed known at present, assuming that we think that the speed of information transmission is the speed of light, then for stationary A, it receives the signal transmitted back by B moving at speed, which itself has a delay compared to the clock on B, so——"

"Well, wait, our satellite signal is transmitted back over the Internet, so there's no delay in propagation." An Chen corrected her.

The so-called "Internet" of the bee kingdom is not inherently transmitted by electromagnetic waves, so its information transmission is not limited by the speed of light. This is a technology monopolized by the Imperial Palace, and the Internet's public servers are built in fertility fields, which means that its maintenance must require the supply of Alpha Female eggs. An Chen was too young to fully learn the technique when he left the palace. But this is also the fundamental reason why the Imperial Sky Shield must issue satellites in the name of agricultural monitoring, Internet communication is monopolized by the Imperial Palace, and the communication devices carried by the satellites must be purchased from the fertility fields directly managed by the Imperial Palace.

"Let's not think about the Internet yet." Ji Wanxing insisted on continuing, "Considering only the electromagnetic wave propagation signal, the delay of A receiving the time signal of B is calculated to be exactly 1-v^2/c^2 under this number. ”

"But this is not in line with the actual situation of our satellite." Anchen had to say, "And this is also inconsistent with the way of accurate timekeeping, you must know that all places are now timed through the Internet without delay." ”

Perhaps her tone of retort was a little strong, and Ji Wanxing didn't speak again for a while.

An Chen realized that dealing with introverts was still peaceful, so he remedied: "But Wanxing, you go on first." ”

"I'm calculating a case that doesn't take into account the Internet, and for electromagnetic waves alone as the highest speed of information propagation, the time delay is as described in this equation." Ji Wanxing continued to explain her calculation process, "Based on the current observation basis, apart from the Internet without delay, the fastest speed of information transmission is still the speed of light. So...... It may be assumed that the maximum speed in a 'non-living' world without the internet is the speed of light, and that the clock travels slower on fast-moving objects than on stationary objects. ”

An Chen couldn't understand what kind of brain circuit it was: "You can think that time is measured by the speed of light, but if you use the speed of sound as the standard, this delay will become even larger." ”

"If you use the speed of sound as the standard, there will indeed be a greater delay, but the speed of sound is in accordance with the Galileo-Newtonian principle of superposition of speeds." Instead, Ji Wanxing said, "But the speed of light is invariant - when solving Maxwell's equations, it has been tacitly assumed that the speed of light does not change with the change of the frame of reference." In other words, in the category of electromagnetism, the speed of light does not conform to the principle of superposition of velocities. And if we assume that the speed of light is really constant, and the flow of time is variable, then we can fit both Maxwell's equations and the equation......"

An Chen looked at Ji Wanxing's manuscript and realized that this was far from being a trick to change the coordinate system. In fact, she has written a coordinate system that geometrically describes the equation M=0 as a time phenomenon, and its line element expression is:

ds^2=-dt^2+dx^2+dy^2+dz^2

(Note: This is the Minkowski gauge)

This means adding a time term to the ordinary Euclidean coordinate system, but adding this time term can also represent the coordinates of a point in "time-space". And if the default maximum "velocity" along the timeline, that is, the slope is the speed of light c, then this coordinate system is exactly the same as what Anchen just conceived.

Ji Wanxing obviously thought of the same thing as her, but she was one step faster than An Chen.

But how can the flow of time be variable? This is not common sense, and it does not correspond to the foundations of Newtonian physics as a whole. If the time itself varies from frame to frame, then all conversions between different frames of reference will be problematic, which means that everything has to be modified......

An Chen immediately realized that the method of modification was to adopt the "time-space" coordinate system calculated by Ji Wanxing.

There is also a calculation in the manuscript by Ji Wanxing substituting the theory of electromagnetism. It can be seen that she has turned to a lot of very early literature, all of which show the conclusion that the speed of light does not change. However, this fact is rarely paid attention to by those who study the macroscopic world, because the speed of light is so fast, whether it is the same in different inertial frames of reference has little impact on solving practical problems.

Until mankind began to develop spaceflight, human vehicles were able to break through the speed of one thousandth of light. In the equations describing the macroscopic world, the value of the speed of light is not approximately equal to infinity, and the conclusion that the speed of light does not change is bound to attract attention.

But is that right? An Chen checked again and found no problems in Ji Wanxing's calculation process. She had just wanted Ji Wanxing to sort out the derivation process again, but when she looked up, she saw obvious dark circles on her young research assistant's face—they obviously didn't look like ordinary dark circles.

"Wanxing, you won't be counting this all the time last night, right?" An Chen asked with concern.

"It's not ......," Ji Wanxing muttered, "Actually, it's mainly looking up literature." ”

The literature has to be searched through the internal network of the Sky Shield, because many journals are available for a fee, and the Sky Shield headquarters has purchased the rights of these journals as an institution, so that internal employees can read the literature for free. This also means that Ji Wanxing may have volunteered to work overtime here last night, and he may not even go home at all.

"You'd better go to the rest area and sleep for a while." An Chen patted her on the shoulder, "Don't spoil your body in order to study the extraterrestrial time difference effect, health is the most important." ”

"Ann...... Anchen, am I right? Ji Wanxing asked a little nervously.

An Chen realized that she was worried that her achievements would not be taken seriously, so she quickly explained: "You are definitely a first-class discovery. But I'm worried about the physical impact on your body if you work like this again, so I'll let you rest for a while—I'll check the manuscript again and get it sorted out before I come back to you. ”

Ji Wanxing nodded, and couldn't help but show a smile of joy, as if she had just achieved a great victory with great effort.

Indeed, it is possible that she will defeat the monster in physics called "The Speed of Light Constants", but it is likely that a theoretically larger monster will be introduced.