"Good morning, Master, I haven't seen you for a long time, and you finally have time to come to school!"

In the morning, as soon as Pang Xuelin came to the office, Ai Ai jumped in.

Pang Xuelin smiled: "What's the matter, has Goldbach made any progress in the conjecture?" ”

As soon as he talked about Gochai, Ai Ai was like a leaky ball, and he suddenly deflated.

"Master, where is this! I'm not you, Master, and this kind of problem of the century can be proved by proof. ”

Pang Xuelin rolled his eyes and said, "Is there anything wrong with me?" ”

Ai Ai smiled and said: "Master, you see that several of us have been studying for a PhD with you for a year, and this year adds up to less than ten times in total to meet you, and the rest of us can only contact us by email whether it is study or life, and we also know that you are busy with work and have a lot of things, so we can't allocate too much time to us." So I discussed it with Sophie, Halke, and Meng Yao, and let's go to Qiandao Lake this weekend. Anyway, Qiandao Lake is also close to Jiangcheng, and it is very convenient to drive back and forth for a few hours. When the time comes, we will rent a homestay by the lake, you can fish, you can barbecue, you can go boating on the lake, what do you think? ”

After speaking, Ai Ai looked at Pang Xuelin with a pair of bright big eyes without blinking.

Pang Xuelin was slightly stunned and said with a smile: "Okay, it just so happens that I am free this weekend, let's go to Qiandao Lake!" ”

"Long live the master!"

Ai Ai was slightly stunned, and suddenly jumped up.

She originally thought that Pang Xuelin would refuse, so she pretended to be pitiful and wanted to gain sympathy, but she didn't expect Pang Xuelin to agree in one bite.

Pang Xuelin smiled: "Okay, how old are you, by the way, do you have anything else?" ”

"It's all right! Master, let's talk about it, let's leave on Friday afternoon! ”

"Good!"

Pang Xuelin nodded in response.

Ai Ai jumped out of Pang Xuelin's office, and Pang Xuelin shook his head with a smile.

The reason why he agreed was that on the one hand, he felt that Ai Ai was indeed right, and that his students had not been able to deal with them properly since they came to study for a doctorate under him.

On the other hand, Pang Xuelin also thought of the teams under his command.

Whether it is the Pang Xuelin Mathematical Research Center led by Shinichi Mochizuki and Perelman, the Carbon-based Semiconductor Functional Materials Research Center led by Xu Xingguo, or the Carbon Nanomaterials Research Center led by Li Changqing, the biomedical research center that Shi Yi and others are working on, and the lithium-air battery research center led by Kirton Walker, it seems that they rarely take holidays.

Pang Xuelin at the Mathematics Center is not clear, several other institutions, not to mention weekends, are rare to commute normally on weekdays, and the work intensity can be called 007.

Of course, while working hard, the salary package is also first-class.

Ordinary doctoral students follow the team to do projects, and they have a subsidy of three or four hundred thousand yuan a year, and a doctoral supervisor has a salary of one or two million yuan, and the bonus is even more calculated.

Of course, for the researchers in the laboratory, what attracts them more is the purity of scientific research and the breakthrough results that may be produced.

It is precisely because of this that the Qiantang Laboratory has become one of the top national laboratories in the world in less than a year since its establishment.

But Pang Xuelin also gradually realized that this kind of work intensity is not necessarily a good thing in the long run.

A proper combination of work and rest is still necessary.

After a moment of silence, Pang Xuelin picked up the phone on the table and dialed it directly to Liu Tingbo.

"Dean Liu, are you in school? Can you come to my office? ”

Liu Tingbo came over soon, Pang Xuelin and Liu Tingbo talked about their thoughts, Liu Tingbo suddenly smiled and said: "Professor Pang, if you don't say this, I will arrange it here, it just so happens that the new Ponzi Geometry Seminar is about to start, I will arrange it for everyone to go out for a trip, and it just happens to let all scholars get to know each other." ”

Pang Xuelin said with a smile: "Okay, then you can arrange it, by the way, call Perelman and Mochizuki Shinichi as well." Once these two people are studied, they will be endless, and this time they will have to be pulled out no matter what. ”

Liu Tingbo smiled bitterly and said, "Professor Pang, if I am still sure of others, these two great gods will have to be invited by yourself." ”

Pang Xuelin was slightly stunned, and said with a wry smile: "Okay, I'll tell them then." By the way, how are Schultz and Tao Zhexuan doing here, and are they still adapting? ”

Speaking of Schultz and Tao Zhexuan, Liu Tingbo suddenly smiled.

"Adapted, adapted. Prof. Tao and Prof. Schultz also volunteered to be the instructors of our Department of Mathematics, and they give a class to each undergraduate student every week, and now every time students come to attend the lecture, the large classroom is packed, and students from other majors come to the class! ”

As the dean of the School of Mathematical Sciences of Jiang University, Liu Tingbo will naturally be concerned about the teaching quality of the Department of Mathematics.

When Pang Xuelin brought the two great gods of Shinichi Mochizuki and Perelman over, Liu Tingbo also expected them to take the students.

Who would have thought that these two guys would be busy with their own research for the rest of the time, except for occasionally going to the Ponzi geometry seminar to show their faces, which made Liu Tingbo a little helpless and at the same time, he couldn't say anything.

After all, the status of these two gods is too high, especially Perelman, after cooperating with Pang Xuelin to prove Hodge's conjecture, his status in the mathematical world is not much worse than that of Andrew Wiles and Pierre Delinene, and Liu Tingbo is not good for them to help lead students.

On the contrary, after Tao Zhexuan and Peter Schultz came over, the School of Mathematics of Jiang University suddenly became lively.

Not only did they take the initiative to take graduate students, but they even decided to teach undergraduates.

In this way, those students who couldn't grab Pang Xuelin's courses quickly paid attention to these two Filipino award bigwigs.

With the addition of these two bigwigs, coupled with the rising quality of students at Jiang University in the past two years, Liu Tingbo has discovered several outstanding seedlings who are expected to achieve achievements in the field of mathematics.

If these people grow up again, then even if Pang Xuelin leaves Jiang University, the position of the Department of Mathematics of Jiang University in the global mathematics community will be stable.

Pang Xuelin and Liu Tingbo finished chatting about arranging vacations for the scholars and teachers of the Department of Mathematics, and it was close to noon.

After the two finished eating in the school cafeteria, Pang Xuelin went directly to the Qiantang Laboratory and found Li Changqing, Cao Yuan, Shi Yi, Kirton Walker, and Xu Xingguo, saying that they were going to arrange vacations for everyone.

Li Changqing, Cao Yuan, and Kirton Walker don't care.

After the laboratory preparation of superconducting 128 materials, the difficulty of industrial preparation is not as high as they imagined.

After all, with the previous experience in the industrial production of flying blade materials, the industrial production of superconducting 128 is essentially no different from that of flying blade materials.

The two of them only need to draw a scoop according to the gourd.

Kirton Walker is now even more accomplished, and at the Electrochemistry Research Center, his work is more focused on how to improve lithium-air batteries and adapt them to a variety of different environments.

As a result, his job is much easier and less stressful.

On the contrary, it was Xu Xingguo and Shi Yi, whose faces were embarrassed.

Xu Xingguo said: "Professor Pang, can you postpone the vacation schedule of our Institute of Carbon-based Semiconductor Materials?" It's best to schedule it until the end of the year...... Or at the beginning of next year, our current research node is more critical, and everyone is in a good state, I don't want to interrupt this research state. ”

Pang Xuelin was slightly stunned and said: "Professor Xu, I'm worried that everyone is working too hard, I asked people to do a special survey before, and the results were shocked, our researchers in the Qiantang Laboratory spend an average of more than 14 hours in the laboratory every day, even on weekends, so the body will be unbearable." ”

Xu Xingguo couldn't help laughing and said, "Professor Pang, don't worry, everyone is holding back their strength now." Last year, we fought a trade war with the United States, and in order to get lithium-air batteries, the United States even threatened to completely block and cut off the supply of our semiconductor industry. Although in the end, after negotiations between the two sides, we agreed to build a lithium-air battery factory in the United States, and the United States also got our wish to lift the technological blockade on us, so that we can buy the latest instruments and equipment. But we have always remembered that as long as we open up the situation in the field of carbon-based chips, there will not be many places where the United States can balance us in the future. Now that we have been able to complete the preparation of carbon-based chips at the laboratory level, our team is working with Huawei HiSilicon to seize the time to commercialize carbon-based chips, which will be enough to change the pattern of the global semiconductor industry if successful. At that time, the competition between China and the United States will be completely different. We can't afford to slack off in the slightest. ”

Pang Xuelin couldn't help crying and laughing, turned his gaze to Shi Yi and said, "Professor Shi, what about you?" ”

Shi Yi smiled slightly and said, "Professor Pang, I'm afraid we won't be able to leave for a while, and even if you kick everyone out of the laboratory, I'm afraid no one will want to leave, and now the entire laboratory is going crazy......"

Pang Xuelin's eyes lit up: "Have you come up with dynamic APT technology?" ”

Shi Yi smiled slightly, nodded and said: "Now that the test is underway, Anderson White and Yang Heping have been in the laboratory for a week and are reluctant to come out, and those members who participate in this project are also eager to sleep in the laboratory every day." ”

Pang Xuelin smiled: "Okay, I'll go to your laboratory later." If you have nothing else to do, please disperse, Professor Xu, if you have any difficulties, please remember to communicate with me at any time. ”

Xu Xingguo smiled: "Okay, then I'll go back first." ”

Compared with other project teams in Qiantang Laboratory, Xu Xingguo's carbon-based chip project team is more commercialized, and once successful, it will have a greater impact on the industry.

But relative to the scientific community, the influence may not be as great.

After all, the various theories and concepts of carbon-based chips are not new, and it is difficult to win the Nobel Prize.

On the contrary, it is the dynamic APT project led by Shi Yi, which has a greater influence.

Observing the microscopic material world has always been a dream, not only because it is driven by curiosity, but also because the microscopic structure is often closely related to a certain property or function of matter.

For example, a bicycle is composed of only metal and rubber, but when the metal and rubber are processed into a certain shape and assembled, it has the function of a means of transportation.

Microscopic matter or various molecular machines follow similar laws, except that the basic materials that make up them are microscopic atoms. The structure formed by the arrangement of atoms according to certain rules forms the basis of various functions.

Conversely, once the structure of matter is understood, it is possible to understand the mechanism by which microscopic matter achieves a certain function, and then to achieve the function that people need by influencing, modifying, or even designing new structures.

Many inventions or discoveries of functional materials are based on such methods.

Driven by this need, people continue to invent various means to observe the structure of matter.

In the 17th century, Leeuwenhoek invented the optical microscope, which allowed people to magnify objects dozens or hundreds of times to observe tiny cells.

With the development of optical technology, optical microscopy technology has been able to help people observe the microscopic texture of materials or organelles in cells on the micrometer scale.

However, such magnifications are still far from the atomic level and are not sufficient to explain the more essential relationship between structure and function, because more essential factors are mostly hidden in the finer atomic structure.

For an organism, its most important and core functional unit is none other than protein. The functions and various life activities of living organisms are basically realized through proteins.

Each protein is a long chain of amino acids, consisting of 20 amino acids arranged in different sequences.

This single molecular chain is further folded in three-dimensional space to form different protein structures.

Proteins in living organisms are like molecular machines, most of which have specific structures for catalysis, locomotion, or signaling.

The three-dimensional structure of these proteins is often very complex, often changing with the surrounding environment, and in many cases by other protein molecular machines or various small molecules.

For example, the secretory system on the surface of cholera bacteria, usually composed of a dozen proteins, forms a pore in the inner and outer membranes of the bacteria that selectively secrete cholera toxin outside the cell to attack the host cell.

Such a large protein machine is composed of more than a dozen different protein molecules, containing hundreds of thousands of atoms, and the change of a few atoms or the change (mutation) of an amino acid may cause structural changes in the entire protein complex, and then cause its function to change or even lose its activity.

This shows the degree of sophistication of this molecular machine.

However, how to see these atoms in a delicate fit has always been a challenge for microscopy.

The size of the atom is on the order of tenths of a nanometer and is measured in angstroms.

The effective magnification, or resolution, of an ordinary optical microscope is limited by the diffraction limit of visible light waves, and can only reach a few tenths of a micron at most.

To increase resolution, the wavelength must be shortened to a scale comparable to the size of the atom.

Visible light can't do that, so you can only look for light waves with shorter wavelengths.

X-rays have the right wavelength, but it is difficult to find a lens that allows X-rays to refract and image.

As a result, indirect crystallographic diffraction has to be used to detect the atomic structure of matter with X-rays.

But the diffraction method is limited to molecules that can form crystals.

For proteins or biological macromolecules, although a small number of them can be crystallized under special conditions and meet the requirements of X-ray diffraction methods, most of the larger molecules (such as molecules with molecular weights greater than 100 kDa) are often difficult or impossible to form crystals.

Moreover, the process of crystallization will completely detach biological macromolecules from their physiological state, and cannot reflect their true state in the organism. For larger, complex structures such as cells or organelles, crystallization is even more infeasible.

In order to be able to find a wave with a shorter wavelength and easy manipulation, electrons were thought.

In the 30s of the 20th century, the French physicist de Broglie proposed the theory of wave-particle duality of matter, believing that when elementary particles are accelerated to close to the speed of light, their particle statistical behavior shows waves.

As the most accessible and manipulated elementary particle, electrons can be used as "light waves" for microscopic imaging after being accelerated by an electric field to nearly the speed of light.

A precisely designed magnetic field with a specific shape can be used as a convex lens.

With the development of electron light sources and electromagnetic lensing, in the following decade or two, it was possible to observe the atomic structure of metal or inorganic crystals with near-atomic resolution by electron microscopy.

However, when people first used an electron microscope to observe a biological sample (cotton fiber), it was found that the biological sample was quickly destroyed by the bombardment of high-energy electron beams, not to mention the fine atomic structure.

At the same time, because of the strong interaction between electrons and matter, the optical path of the electron microscope can only be guaranteed in a high vacuum to ensure that the electron beam can travel long enough to image, and not be absorbed by the air during the propagation process.

The ensuing problem is the problem of water content in biological samples.

Water evaporates quickly in a vacuum, and biological samples must always remain in an aqueous environment and cannot be dehydrated. To ensure that the water does not evaporate in a vacuum, the sample needs to be frozen.

However, once the water freezes, the ice crystals destroy the biological samples.

As a result, a cascade of irradiation damage and sample freezing became the biggest obstacle for bioelectron microscopy technology to overcome.

It was not until the 80s of the 20th century that these problems were initially solved, thus laying the foundation for cryo-electron microscopy.

The three Nobel laureates in 2017 were awarded precisely for solving these technical difficulties.

The three laureates were awarded for several main developments in cryo-electron microscopy, including Prof. Jacques Dubochet for the preparation of cryo-biological samples, Prof. Joak for laying the foundation for 3D reconstruction calculations, and Prof. Riderson for demonstrating the availability of atomic resolution.

However, cryo-EM also has many shortcomings, such as the accuracy of the 3D reconstruction algorithm.

Even if the cryo-EM image is successfully obtained, how to restore the two-dimensional structure into a fine three-dimensional structure is also a problem.

In addition, there are various problems such as signal resolution, image contrast, etc., for example, the accuracy of the three-dimensional reconstruction of the atomic resolution obtained by small and medium-sized biomolecules with a molecular weight of hundreds of kilokilotons is far less accurate than that of large molecules.

The emergence of dynamic APT technology can be said to directly advance molecular biology and structural biology to the level of atomic biology.

Thanks to the dynamic recording effect, it is even possible to record the movement of each atom within a biological macromolecule.

In this way, scientists are expected to completely uncover the basic principles of life activity at the atomic level.

After everyone dispersed, Pang Xuelin followed Shi Yi and them to the Qiantang Laboratory Biomedical Research Center.

Shi Yi introduced the general situation of the research and development of dynamic APT equipment to Pang Xuelin over and over again.

At present, the research and development of dynamic APT equipment has been completed, and various tests are currently underway.

For example, sample encapsulation, algorithm restoration, image analysis technology, and so on.

The dynamic APT device is very large, and the overall structure is much rougher than what Pang Xuelin saw in the Resident Evil world, but the basic functions are complete.

Pang Xuelin's arrival caused quite a stir.

Yang Heping and Anderson White also warmly greeted him and introduced the results to Pang Xuelin.

When they looked at the device, including ordinary researchers, it was as if they were looking at their own children.

Pang Xuelin seemed unfazed, this set of equipment was very new to others, but in his eyes, it was not as good as the dynamic APT equipment he used in the Resident Evil world.

Of course, this world is enough to cause a shock in the biology community.