Chapter 3 "Relations of Production" in the Economics of Value Systems

The relations of production are determined according to the overall level of society and are an objective reflection of the state of social development;

Different social stages have their own different production relations, and different production relations produce their own price mechanisms; Price is a quantification of value; The price of the same thing may be different if its value remains the same; Therefore, the price sometimes does not reflect its value, such as the relationship between the value represented by the stock and its price in the market mechanism, this phenomenon in the society we live in is universal, but it is not as obvious as it, we seem to use the same tone when talking about monopoly, here we take the society we live in as a sample, and conduct an in-depth analysis of its production, production relations and other issues, according to which we can also have a better understanding of the social stage in which we live;

Section 1: The relationship between people

In today's society, in the form of market economy, people can be divided into two categories in the process of production, that is, industrial owners and industrial personnel, and the understanding of the relationship between capitalists and workers can refer to the relationship between capitalists and workers, but due to the difference in the understanding of the social positioning and social function in which they are located, the interpretation of them is also different; Let's define each of them as follows:

The owner of the industry, who has his own means of production and conditions of production, or who has the conditions to complete social production independently;

Industrial personnel do not have independent production tools and production conditions, nor can they carry out independent social production;

It can be seen from the definition that the scope of their definition is different, so their social responsibilities are not the same, the social responsibility of the owner is active, and he can directly participate in the division of labor in the market, we can call it active participation in the market; Industrial personnel are passive participants in the division of labor and cannot directly participate in the market, so we call them passive participation in the market; Based on the analysis of the relationship between them, we can say that the industrial owner completes his own use value through the domination of his own or others' natural value and functional value, while the industrial personnel passively dominate the natural value and functional value and finally realizes their own use value. That is, the owner of the industry dominates the natural value and functional value of the industrial personnel, so that it has its own use value; Let's give a specific example: for example, water has its natural value and use value, we first presuppose that the overall price of each ton of water in the market through the market mechanism is 10 yuan/ton, of which the natural value is priced at 2 yuan in the market, and the use value is 8 yuan (it should be noted here that because we are kind and do not market the natural substances such as water and air in nature, we cannot accurately know the quantitative price of its natural value in the market, It can only be estimated by their final overall market price, and the relationship between them is discussed in detail in Chapter 4 on the allocation of resources; ）

Now we make it into ice, the price of its ice becomes 100 yuan/ton, in the process of making ice, there is only the labor of ice-making workers, and there are no other tools, the wages of ice-making workers are 50 yuan/day, so in the total price of this 90 yuan, how many are the owners of the industry, how many are the industrial personnel; We can analyze the production process of ice, the price of ice is determined by its natural value, functional value, and use value, the natural value of ice is the natural value of water, and its average market price is 2 yuan/ton; The functional value of ice is the conversion of available water into ice, that is, the functional value of ice-making workers and the accumulation of its use value and water use value; The average market price is 50 yuan/day, and the use value of water is 8 yuan/ton, so the market price increases by 58 yuan per ton after it has functional value; That is, after the ice workers make the ice, it has natural value and functional value, with a total value of 60 yuan/ton; The use value of ice only has a use value when the owner of the ice factory sells it to the customer, and its price is equal to: the price of the total value - the price of the natural value - the price of the functional value, that is, 100 yuan - 2 yuan - 58 yuan = 40 yuan; Therefore, in the value of 100 yuan/ton of ice, the proportion of water is the natural value of ice and part of the functional value, that is, 10 yuan/ton, the ice-making worker has a part of its functional value, that is, 50 yuan/ton, and the ice rink owner has its use value of 40 yuan/ton; Therefore, 50 yuan of the 90 yuan of the total price increase belongs to the ice maker, and 40 yuan belongs to the ice rink owner; We can also directly draw the same conclusion through the value analysis of ice workers and ice rink owners, the value of ice workers is composed of: natural value, functional value and use value, three aspects; Its natural value is the natural value of human beings, and we can basically regard it as unchanged before and after its ice-making; (In fact, there are changes, but they are basically not considered in the market mechanism, which is also one of its drawbacks; Of course, in the process of its development, some other means have been used to make up for it, but it cannot solve its fundamental problems); The functional value and use value are the ice-making technology and the practical application of the technology, and its value is priced at 50 yuan/day through the market mechanism in the market, that is, the wages obtained in the ice-making process; In the same way, the value of the ice factory owner is also composed of: natural value, functional value and use value, which are three aspects; Its natural value is the same as that of ice workers as human beings, and its functional value and use value, that is, the ability to participate in market distribution and the process of its organizational realization; It is measured by the market price, which is the remaining use value of its products, that is, 40 yuan/day;

Here we need to think about whether the market's pricing of each thing can well reflect the true value of things, that is, whether the price generated by the value of things through market mapping is reasonable, and whether there are better choices with the development of human beings, which is what we will talk about in Chapter 4;

Here we can first briefly analyze, we have talked about the natural system before, I said that human beings have surpassed the natural system in a certain sense, created their own system, then we think about how this system works, if we get out of a "low-level model" into a "market model", this is actually a kind of progress, but have you ever thought about how this "model" runs to complete, what is the core strength of this "model", through our previous analysis, From an economic point of view, we can see that the core is the "recognition of value", that is to say, the "market model" can create a way of resource allocation, and get recognition, the key is whether this distribution method can maintain its advanced nature, in other words, whether this way can ensure that the value of its things is reflected most effectively, if this can not be done, the operating cost of the entire system will be difficult to grasp, and various crises, stagnation and even partial collapse of the system will not stop. The root cause of this problem will appear at a certain point in time, we will talk about it in detail in the allocation of resources in Chapter 4, and it is mentioned here because we can see the clues through the above description of the production relationship between people, and friends who are willing to think independently can try to sketch the answer to this question, and we will do a verification together in Chapter 4;