Chapter 356: Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation

In the captain's room, Captain Jian Xiangming from the Astronomical Observatory of the Eternal Night spacecraft was reporting the latest observations to Pang Xuelin.

Jian Xiangming's expression looked strange, feeling a little dazed and excited at the same time.

"Captain, at present, we have observed Kagantuya and its nearby planets through different wavelength bands such as ultraviolet, infrared, radio, and visible light, among them, there are more than 20 planets orbiting star 1, more than 5 terrestrial planets in the habitable zone, more than 15 planets orbiting 2, and 3 terrestrial planets in the habitable zone. In addition, we have found that there are hundreds of planets orbiting Kagantuya, and due to the strong radiation of Kagantuya, it is preliminarily estimated that there are at least a dozen terrestrial planets in the habitable zone...... But ......"

"But what?"

The expression on Pang Xuelin's face was very indifferent, and he was not excited to find that there were so many habitable planets that were suitable for human survival, nor was he nervous because of Jian Xiangming's one but.

Jian Xiangming swallowed his saliva and said, "However, apart from these celestial bodies, as well as some asteroids and dust clouds wandering nearby, we have not observed any other celestial bodies in the universe. It is as if a vast curtain has formed around this area, isolating us from everything in the universe. ”

Pang Xuelin frowned, and asked again: "Have you observed the cosmic microwave background radiation in this space through the radio telescope?" ”

Jian Xiangming said: "This is exactly what I want to report to you next, we have made observations through radio astronomy observatories, and in the radio band greater than 00 centimeters, Kagantuya's own ultra-high frequency radiation masks the radiation from the space outside the river, so it cannot be directly measured. Then we measured from 0.054 centimeters to tens of centimeters, excluding the interference of Kagantuya, and the results of the measurements in each band showed that in our region, the microwave background radiation temperature was close to 27 K, which was ten times the cosmic microwave background radiation measured in our solar system. ”

Pang Xuelin couldn't help but be stunned.

Cosmic background radiation is isotropic microwave radiation from the cosmic space background, also known as microwave background radiation.

Speaking of which, we have to talk about how the universe was formed.

Hubble discovered that the universe is in a process of continuous expansion through the law of galaxy redshift, and in this case, the universe will be smaller in the past than it is now.

If time were to go back a certain time, the universe would become a singularity without a spatial scale, when all matter would not exist.

Later, astronomers proposed the most recognized theory of the origin of the universe - the Big Bang.

According to the Big Bang, after the birth of the universe, space began to expand, and matter in the universe was constantly created from energy from the initial singularity.

However, due to the fact that the early universe was still small, the temperature was very high, the density of matter was very high, and photons were coupled with other charged particles, so there were no free photons in the universe at that time.

When the Big Bang first happened, it didn't emit light, it was an unusually dark explosion.

After this explosion, photons and electrons were born, but because the universe was too small and the temperature was too high at the beginning, the collision between electrons and photons was very intense, and it was impossible for photons to travel freely.

By the time the universe is 30,000 years old, the universe has cooled, and the collision of electrons and photons is not so motivating at this time.

Photons can propagate in the universe as free particles, which is the earliest light in the universe.

As the universe expanded, the wavelengths of these photons were elongated, and so far, the wavelengths of these earliest photons were mainly in the microwave band.

It's a relic of an ancient time, as if it were the ashes of the Big Bang.

Cosmic microwave background radiation carries information from the early days of the universe, and it can tell us a lot about what happened in the past.

After 30,000 years of continuous expansion, the average temperature of the universe dropped to about 3,000 degrees Kelvin, and the photons were decoupled from other charged particles, and they could move freely in space, producing the first light in the universe.

About 300 million years have passed since then, and the universe has expanded to a huge extent, which has caused the earliest light in the universe to decrease in frequency and lengthen, and now decay into microwaves, and the average temperature of the universe has dropped to only about 2.73 degrees Kelvin.

Since such microwaves are the earliest light, and they are very uniform in all directions, they are called cosmic microwave background radiation.

Since the wavelength of cosmic microwave background radiation is much larger than that of visible light, they cannot be detected by optical telescopes, and can only be detected by radio telescopes or specialized microwave telescopes.

In the early sixties of the twentieth century, the American scientists Penzias and R. In order to improve satellite communications, Wilson established a high-sensitivity horn receiving antenna system.

In 964, they used it to measure the radio intensity of the galvanic halo gas. To reduce the noise, they even removed the bird droppings from the antenna, but there was still background noise that could not be eliminated.

They believe that these microwave noises from the universe with a wavelength of 7.35 centimeters are equivalent to 3.5K.

In 965, they revised it to 3K and made this discovery public, for which they were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in '97.

Later, physicists continued to make accurate measurements, and finally, physicists accurately measured the value to 2.7260±0.003K.

But now, Jian Xiangming has measured the microwave background radiation as high as 27K.

If there were no errors in their measurements, combined with what Jian Xiangming said just now, except for the two stars visible to the naked eye, no other stars or extragalactic galaxies were observed in this space.

Then there's only one possibility.

This space is independent of the big universe, it's a small universe!

If you consider the plot in the movie Interstellar.

in the movie.

When humanity was on the verge of extinction, a wormhole was discovered near Saturn that led to an unknown space.

So human beings painstakingly built a spaceship to venture through the wormhole, only to find that on the other side of the wormhole, there is a super black hole with a mass of 100 million times the mass of the sun, Kagantuya.

And near this black hole, there are many terrestrial planets that can survive for life.

The first ten astronauts who went on the expedition were determined to die and sent back the news that there was a living planet in this space that could be used by humans.

So the second group of astronauts of the Lazarus Program, led by Cooper, set off through the wormhole to Kagantuya.

Cooper fell into a black hole and accidentally entered a five-dimensional space-time, and then through this five-dimensional space-time, he sent back important information about gravity to Earth.

Eventually, Cooper learned from his elderly daughter that the wormhole and the five-dimensional space-time were gifts from future high-dimensional humans.

But if the nymphhole and the five-dimensional space-time are all gifts from future high-dimensional humans, then why aren't Kagantuya and these planets gifts from future humans?

In fact, half a year ago, when he just passed through the black hole, Pang Xuelin noticed the abnormality.

The last time he was in the Ninth Sector World, he crossed the distance of three hundred light-years through a wormhole, and it took him more than ten minutes.

And this time, it only took a few minutes to traverse the wormhole.

There can be no super black hole in the Milky Way galaxy with a mass of 100 million times the mass of the sun, and even the Andromeda Nebula, which is 300,000 light-years away from the Milky Way, is the only one with its central black hole that has reached this level.

However, in a place so close to the center of a river system, the stellar density is so high that it is impossible to show the state that Pang Xuelin and others observed.

Therefore, the only explanation is that this is a small universe specially created by high-dimensional humans for human civilization.

Even the so-called black hole Kagantuya is likely to be the heart that maintains the normal operation of this high-dimensional universe.

"I don't know, how powerful is the high-dimensional human civilization and system? Will they be able to discover the system they are bound to? ”

Pang Xuelin was secretly worried in his heart.

After a moment of silence, Pang Xuelin turned around and said to Jian Xiangming: "Inform the leaders of all the second-level departments to come to the captain's room for a meeting." Your discoveries are limited to those inside the Observatory, and the news cannot be allowed to spread. Also, prepare information about the planets you have discovered, and we will discuss the next exploration plans in a later meeting. ”

Jian Xiangming was slightly stunned, nodded and said, "Yes!" ”

Ten minutes later, Murphy, Aemond, Billy, Mann, Brand Jr., Anthony, Carrick, Cassie and others came to the conference room one after another.

These were all astronauts of the first Lazarus Program, and later Pang Xuelin made a major change to the entire Lazarus Program, and the number of astronauts needed was also expanded tenfold.

Moreover, most of the new astronauts are mainly professionals from various departments in the spacecraft, and they are not as solid as Murphy in the basic training of astronautics.

Therefore, Murphy and they were naturally chosen to be the leaders of various departments.

For example, Murphy, who is the head of the communications department, is not only responsible for communication with Earth, but also responsible for the next construction of the communication system in this small universe.

Aemond, on the other hand, is the head of the electromechanical department, responsible for various fault repairs and some spacewalk missions in the spacecraft.

Billy, a computer expert, maintains both the TAS and the ship's operating system.

Dr. Mann, a biologist, is in charge of the ship's four plant pods, and is responsible for the maintenance of the ship's ecological cycle.

……

After everyone arrived, Pang Xuelin asked Jian Xiangming to inform everyone of the discovery of the observatory.

Everyone in the conference room was shocked and inexplicable.

Although these people have their own majors, they have very solid knowledge of basic physics and astronomy, and naturally understand what Jian Xiangming means.

"Okay, what's your opinion? Let's talk about it. ”

Little Brand was the first to speak: "Director Jane, could it be that Kagantuya's radiation has an impact on the radio astronomy observatory?" ”

Jian Xiangming said: "This is impossible, we have checked it several times, and completely ruled out the influence of Kagantuya radiation, and the calculated result is still 27k." ”

Anthony, who has a Ph.D. in astrophysics, said: "Could it be that there is something wrong with the radio telescope itself, or something is wrong with the control system?" ”

Jian Xiangming said: "We have considered the hardware equipment, so we have changed to a small telescope, and even measured it through a small detection satellite, and the results are exactly the same as before......

Anthony shrugged his shoulders and said, "If all these problems are eliminated, and we can't observe the existence of other galaxies and stars, I think that at least the space where Kagantuya is located is beyond our comprehension." ”

At this time, Murphy turned his gaze to Pang Xuelin and said, "Captain, what do you think?" ”

Murphy's voice fell, and in the conference room, everyone's eyes suddenly focused on Pang Xuelin.

After all, Pang Xuelin is not only the captain of the Eternal Night, but also the deputy commander of the Lazarus Project and the commander-in-chief of the front.

His opinions and ideas are the most important.

Pang Xuelin smiled faintly: "I don't think there is any need to consider these situations at the moment, the appearance of wormholes is beyond our cognition, and with the mass of Kagantuya, there are only two stars around, which is beyond the scope of our current technical level." So there is no point in discussing this at all, and the most important task for us now is how to find removable planets among the planets that have been observed so far. In addition, I hope that all of you here will keep the subject of today's discussion confidential. We've got a lot of work ahead and I don't want any other issues to affect your mood. ”

At this time, Little Brand also said loudly: "I think what Captain Pang said makes sense. ”

Aemond also said, "I also agree with Captain Pang. ”

……

Soon, everyone agreed on this issue.

Pang Xuelin said: "Okay, then let's move on to the next topic, first let Jian report to Director Ming about the planets observed by the observatory in the past few months." ”

Everyone turned their eyes to Jian Xiangming, who coughed dryly and said, "In the past few months, we have found that there are five terrestrial planets in the habitable zone orbiting star one, three planets orbiting star two, and more than ten planets orbiting Kagantuya. And through the spectral analysis of these terrestrial planets in the habitable zone, we can basically determine that ten of them have water. ”

"To this end, we have arranged these ten planets according to their distance, among which the nearest planet to us is within the gravitational circle of Kagantuya, about three billion kilometers away from Kagantuya, and the Eternal Night spacecraft can reach it in three years if it flies at full strength. And through optical telescope observation and various spectral analysis, we can basically determine that this planet is above. ”