Associated Press: "The Swedish Nobel Prize jury has just announced that Chinese scholars Pang Xuelin and Kirton Walker have jointly won this year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry. ”

The Times: "The youngest Nobel Prize in science ever been born, Pang Xuelin broke the age record held by the late British physicist Lawrence Bragg. ”

AFP: "Lithium-air battery project wins this year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and China's genius boy becomes the youngest Nobel Prize winner in history." ”

Sankei Shimbun: "The son of the dragon has created another miracle, and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry has finally been awarded to China." ”

Chosun Ilbo: "Pang Xuelin leads China's scientific and technological progress, regret Pang is not a South Korean ......"

“……”

Compared with the sour tone of the foreign media, the Chinese media is blowing it without money.

Tencent News: "Academician Pang Xuelin won China's second Nobel Prize in Science, ushering in the era of Pang Xuelin in China's academic circles. ”

Today's headlines: "Shocked! The story that Professor Pang Xuelin and I had to tell turned out to be like this in daily life......"

Sina News: "The 24-year-old Nobel laureate, Academician Pang Xuelin, will inject new impetus into China's scientific and technological innovation. ”

Observer: "What else can we say but prostrate?" China won two Nobel Prizes in Chemistry in one day, and in a sense, Pang Xuelin has become an iconic figure of our time! ”

Phoenix.com: "The pride of the global Chinese, Professor Pang Xuelin will surely go down in history!" ”

“……”

Pang Xuelin doesn't have much time to read the discussions and news on the Internet.

After replying to those congratulatory calls, he had to continue with the Xiangshan Science Conference.

With the plan largely approved by the participants, in the afternoon, the scientists will begin to discuss the technical route of the plan outlined by Pang Xuelin.

This kind of discussion is much more relaxed than the needle-to-wheat in the morning.

However, in most cases, it was Pang Xuelin who was explaining, and the experts attending the meeting were listening.

After all, for such an unprecedented super project, except for Pang Xuelin, no one has experience.

Therefore, Pang Xuelin could only break down the entire plan and explain each project to everyone one by one.

The afternoon meeting lasted until five o'clock, Pang Xuelin thought that he could finally rest, but Zuo Yiqiu ran over and told Pang Xuelin that the CCTV reporter was here and hoped to do an exclusive interview with Pang Xuelin.

Pang Xuelin had no choice but to follow Zuo Yiqiu to the reception room of the room, and saw Dong Qing, an old acquaintance who had been waiting in the reception room for a long time.

"Reporter Dong, it turned out to be you, long time no see, long time no see."

"Academician Pang, I didn't expect that after a year, we will meet again, and you are already the legendary Nobel Prize boss."

"Haha, reporter Dong laughed."

“……”

When Dong Qing interviewed Pang Xuelin last year, the two were already relatively familiar, so this time, the two chatted very easily.

"Academician Pang, this interview is more formal, in addition to the evening "NEWS Network", we will also release the full content of the interview in the later "JD Interview", for the question I want to ask next, do you need to prepare?"

Pang Xuelin shook his head with a smile and said, "No need, let's start directly." ”

If it had been placed in the past, Pang Xuelin might have made a little preparation, but now after the transformation of the genetic optimization potion, when it comes to quick thinking, he is no less than those geniuses in the true sense, so naturally he will not show timidity in this situation.

Dong Qing glanced at the cameraman on the side and said with a smile: "Since that's the case, let's start now, first question." ”

"Professor Pang, when did you receive the news of your award? How was it feeling at the time? ”

Pang Xuelin said: "It should be around half past ten in the morning, I was in a meeting, but Mr. Herbert Green, chairman of the Nobel Prize Review Committee, suddenly called, and I was still a little confused when I picked it up. ”

"A little confused? Were you surprised that you won? ”

"It's not an accident, how can you say it? I just didn't expect Mr. Green to call directly, because I was discussing a very important topic at the time, and I didn't think about it that much. ”

"So what do you think about yourself winning the award? And for the record, you've broken the record for the youngest Nobel Prize in science held by British physicist Lawrence Bragg, what do you think about that? ”

Pang Xuelin said: "I am mentally prepared for winning the award, after all, it has been uploaded on the Internet for so long during this time. As for breaking the record, I have a lot of respect for Mr. Lawrence Bragg, and I am honored to be able to break the record held by Mr. Prague, and I hope that in the future someone will continue to break my record, because it represents the future of humanity. ”

"Thank you, Academician Pang, did you call your family after winning the award? And what do they say? ”

Pang Xuelin smiled a little embarrassedly: "I haven't spoken to my parents on the phone yet." ”

"Huh?"

Dong Qing had a surprised expression on his face.

Pang Xuelin said with a smile: "My parents sent me WeChat, but they didn't say much, they knew that I was busy, so if I usually had nothing to do, I rarely took the initiative to contact me, usually when I was free, I contacted them when I was free, and the family got together again." ”

Dong Qing nodded with a smile and said, "What about your friends and colleagues?" Have you talked to them? ”

Pang Xuelin nodded: "There are many of these, and after winning the award, I have received at least more than 20 congratulatory calls, including Tao Zhexuan, my graduate supervisor from the other side of the ocean, Professor Deligne and Professor Edward Witten from Princeton, and Professor Schultz and Professor Faltings from Europe. Of course, more of them are domestic colleagues, friends, and students...... Oh yes, Kirton Walker called me to congratulate me as well, and then I congratulated him at the same time. ”

Dong Qing couldn't help but smile and said: "The two Nobel Prize bigwigs congratulate each other, the scene should be very interesting." ”

Pang Xuelin smiled and nodded.

Dong Qing said: "Then can you tell me the story of you and Mr. Kirton Walker?" The outside world talks about the intersection between the two of you, but it's all from Professor Kirton Walker, and you don't seem to have talked about it to the media. ”

Pang Xuelin laughed and said, "With Kirton Walker to help me brag, will it be too high-profile for me to take the initiative to brag about myself?" ”

"Haha!"

Dong Qing gave Pang Xuelin a thumbs up and said, "But we just want to hear how you brag about yourself." ”

Pang Xuelin deliberately showed a reluctant look on his face, and said with a smile: "Then I'll try it." ”

"The first time I met Professor Corton Walker, I gave a presentation at a lunch in Princeton, and I accidentally proved the Polygnac ......conjecture."

"The first time I saw Professor Corton Walker, I thought he was a liar."

"Liar?"

Dong Qing was a little surprised.

Pang Xuelin smiled: "Yes, it is the kind that we often see on TV to promote health care products, he told me at the time that he can get a lithium air battery, and then bragged to me about how beautiful the future of lithium air battery is, in fact, I refused in my heart at that time, because I know very well the dilemma faced by lithium air batteries." It wasn't until he told me to isolate the aqueous electrolyte of lithium-air batteries through graphene that I became a little interested. Because this idea coincided with my lithium-air battery project at that time. ”

"Then the more we talked, the more speculative it became, and Professor Kirton Walker approached me for collaborative research. However, considering the sensitivity of this technology and the problem of R&D investment, I asked Professor Kirton Walker to come to work at Jiang University. I originally thought that the other party would hesitate, after all, there is still a certain gap between Princeton and Jiang University, objectively, there is still a certain gap between the two universities, but I didn't expect the other party to agree without hesitation. I later learned that Professor Corton Walker had been blacked out by industry in the United States and was not taken seriously at Princeton......"

“……”

The interview lasted more than an hour before it was over.

Because of the urgency of time, Dong Qingwan refused Pang Xuelin's invitation to dinner and set off directly back to the city.

In the "NEWS Network" that night, Yang Ma rarely gave Pang Xuelin nearly ten minutes of reporting time, introducing all his achievements since he emerged in the academic world.

At the end of the news, Yang Ma reported: "As a national treasure strategic scientist in China, Professor Pang Xuelin has fulfilled his mission, led scientific and technological innovation, and made outstanding contributions to the scientific and technological progress of our country and even all mankind, let us pay tribute to Professor Pang Xuelin." ”

After the end of "NEWS Network", "JD Interview" simultaneously broadcast Dong Qing's interview with Pang Xuelin.

The playful conversation between Pang Xuelin and Dong Qing quickly spread on the Internet, causing quite a stir.

"Haha, it's the first time I've seen Professor Pang have such a life-like side, and I feel that Professor Pang is no different from a normal young person."

"It's no different, except that people have gold in their heads, and thatch in my brains."

"Didn't you notice that Professor Pang was getting more and more handsome? is much more handsome than those little fresh meat in the entertainment industry, what should I do, I feel like I'm going to fall in love with him. ”

"Hmph, you just know, my idols are comparable to those bewitching and cheap people in the entertainment industry......"

"Let go of my husband, no one is allowed to rob me of ......"

“……”

Even Pang Xuelin didn't expect that he would have an exclusive fan group on the Internet at some point, and the combat effectiveness of these fans, even among the girls in the fan circle, is also a leader.

In the words of one of the fans: "It's called starting with talent and falling into the ...... of appearance"

Although he basically doesn't post much on Weibo on weekdays, from the opening to the present, in just two years, Pang Xuelin's fans on Weibo have exceeded 20 million.

This is a real number of fans, which is fundamentally different from those who buy fans.

Pang Xuelin didn't care much about this, and his main focus now was on the Xiangshan Science Conference.

The Xiangshan Science Conference lasted for three days before it was over.

Once the report of the meeting is released, it will be presented to the top leadership for final decision.

Pang Xuelin originally thought that there would be nothing to do with himself next.

As a result, after the Xiangshan meeting, he was called into Ouchi again and participated in a higher-level meeting.

Finally, on the last day of the National Day holiday, the high-level decision approved the project plan of the electromagnetic orbit space launch system proposed by Pang Xuelin.

The project was named China's next-generation manned space program, and Pang Xuelin became the project's commander-in-chief.

It's just that the release of this plan seems to be a bit silent, not only is there no report in the media, but even internally, it is in the stage of absolute secrecy.

According to Pang Xuelin's plan, this project will mainly carry out breakthroughs in relevant theories and technologies in the short term, and then allocate relevant funds in batches according to the progress of technological breakthroughs.

Therefore, on the first day of the plan, the first batch of 10 billion RMB scientific research funds were directly transferred to the Qiantang laboratory.

Finally, when all these tasks were completed, Pang Xuelin took two days to accompany Yao Bingxia to have a good time around the capital, and then took a special plane back to Jiangcheng.

As soon as he returned to Jiangcheng, Pang Xuelin directly found all the members of the flying blade material project team and went through the upgrading plan of the flying blade material again, and then asked the project team to dock with Xinkai Materials Co., Ltd. to realize the mass production of the flying blade material as soon as possible.

It was only at this time that Pang Xuelin began to have time to focus on the study of superconductivity at room temperature.

In fact, among the rewards Pang Xuelin received from the Dark Forest World, there was no related technology for room temperature superconductivity.

At the beginning of the Dark Forest World, the reason why Vader and the others came up with that super electromagnetic catapult track that is more than 20 kilometers long was completely piled up regardless of the cost of resources.

Niobium-titanium alloys and liquid helium, which are used to maintain superconductivity, cost trillions of dollars.

In the real world, it would be impossible for Pang Xuelin to do this.

Therefore, he had to find a new way to find a universal mechanism of superconductor physics.

A superconductor is a conductor with zero resistance at a certain temperature.

The discovery of superconductors is inseparable from the study of low temperatures. In the 18th century, due to the limitations of cryogenic technology, it was believed that there were "permanent gases" such as hydrogen and helium that could not be liquefied.

In 1898, the British physicist Dewar produced liquid hydrogen.

In 1908, Professor Kamerin Onnes of the Leiden Cryogenic Laboratory of Leiden University in the Netherlands successfully liquefies the last "permanent gas" - helium, and obtained a low temperature of 1.15-4.25K by reducing the vapor pressure of liquid helium.

Breakthroughs in low-temperature research laid the foundation for the discovery of superconductors.

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in physics, there were different theories about how the resistance of metals changed around absolute zero.

One view is that the resistance of a pure metal should decrease with temperature and disappear at absolute zero.

Another view, represented by William Thomson (Baron Kelvin), holds that as the temperature decreases, the resistance of a metal becomes infinite due to the condensation of electrons to the metal atom after reaching a minimum.

In February 1911, Camerin Onnis, who had mastered liquid helium and cryogenic techniques, discovered that the resistance of platinum remained constant below 4.3 K, rather than increasing after passing through a minimum. Therefore, Kamerin Annis believed that the resistance of pure platinum should disappear at the temperature of liquid helium.

To test this hypothesis, Kamerin Annis chose mercury, which is easier to purify, as the test subject.

First, Kamerin Onnis cooled the mercury to minus 40°C, which solidified it into a thread. Liquid helium is then used to reduce the temperature to around 4.2 K, and a voltage is applied to both ends of the mercury line, and when the temperature is slightly lower than 4.2 K, the resistance of the mercury suddenly disappears, and the superconducting state is exhibited.

Later, after the research of many scientists, it was discovered that superconductors have three basic properties: complete conductivity, complete diamagnetism, and flux quantization.

The so-called perfect conductivity, also known as the zero resistance effect, refers to the phenomenon that the temperature drops below a certain temperature and the resistance suddenly disappears.

Full conductivity is suitable for direct current, and superconductors will have AC losses when they are exposed to alternating currents or alternating magnetic fields, and the higher the frequency, the greater the losses.

AC loss is an important problem to be solved in the practical application of superconductors, and at the macro level, AC loss is caused by the difference between the induced electric field and the induced current density generated in the superconducting material. Microscopically, AC losses are caused by the viscous motion of quantized magnetic flux lines.

AC loss is an important parameter to characterize the performance of superconducting materials, and if AC loss can be reduced, the cooling cost of superconducting devices can be reduced and the stability of operation can be improved.

Second, complete diamagnetism, also known as the Meissner effect, "diamagnetism" refers to the phenomenon that when the magnetic field strength is lower than the critical value, the magnetic field lines cannot pass through the superconductor, and the internal magnetic field of the superconductor is zero, and "complete" refers to the order of the two operations of lowering the temperature to reach the superconducting state and applying the magnetic field can be reversed.

The reason for complete diamagnetism is that the surface of the superconductor is capable of generating a lossless diamagnetic superconducting current, which generates a magnetic field that cancels out the magnetic field inside the superconductor.

The fact that superconductors have zero resistance is well known, but superconductors are not the same as ideal conductors.

Starting from the electromagnetic theory, the following conclusions can be derived: if the ideal conductor is cooled to a low temperature and then placed in a magnetic field, the magnetic field inside the ideal conductor is zero; However, if the ideal conductor is placed in a magnetic field and then cooled to a low temperature, the magnetic field inside the ideal conductor is not zero.

For superconductors, the internal magnetic field of the superconductor is always zero, regardless of the order in which the temperature is lowered to reach the superconducting state and the magnetic field is applied, which is the core of complete diamagnetism and the key to distinguishing superconductors from ideal conductors.

Third, the flux quantization effect, also known as the Josephson effect, refers to the phenomenon that when the insulation layer between two superconductors is as thin as an atom, electron pairs can pass through the insulation layer to produce a tunnel current, that is, superconducting currents can be generated in the superconductor-insulator-superconductor structure.

The Josephson effect is divided into the DC Josephson effect and the alternating current Josephson effect.

The DC Josephson effect refers to the formation of superconducting currents through the insulating layer by pairs of electrons.

The AC Josephson effect refers to the fact that when the applied DC voltage reaches a certain level, in addition to the DC superconducting current, there is also an alternating current, the superconductor is placed in the magnetic field, the magnetic field penetrates the insulating layer, and the maximum superconducting current of the superconducting junction changes regularly with the magnitude of the external magnetic field.