Chapter 87: The Theory of Space

Broadly speaking, space makes things changeable, that is, because of the existence of space, things can change. Space is something without energy, that is, when things can change, the energy generated by the change has canceled each other out with the energy that hinders it.

Explanation of space in physics: The inertial frame of reference and space are stationary, and no matter how the frame of reference moves, including variable speeds, it will not change the state of rest between the inertial frame of reference and space. In other words, the inertial frame of reference and space are moving together.

The mathematical explanation is: the relationship between the mathematical origin and the X, Y, and Z axes, coordinates, and coordinate transmission and transmission.

Explanation of classical physics: The part of the universe outside of the physical entity is called space.

Explanation of Relative Physics: The part of the universe where the movement of material entities takes place is called space.

Space terminology: Outer space is abbreviated as space, outer space, or space.

Mathematical term: Space refers to a set of special properties and some additional structure.

Internet: Refers to the place where documents are kept.

Literary: Represents the conceptual scope of the target thing, e.g., please give me a little space to move; Plant growth takes up more space; Don't limit your thinking space;

The Modern Chinese Dictionary explains: Space is an objective form of material existence, which is represented by length, width, height, large and small (volume and shape unchanged).

With the development of the Internet, people call the place where the website has been created "space". It is generally measured by the size of computer storage, such as KB, M, G, T, and other units.

Popper's theory of three worlds had an important impact on the basic theories of library science in the seventies and eighties of the twentieth century, and in the nineties

Relative vs. absolute space

The impact of Chu Toffler's "Megatrends" on the entire information world is still fresh in people's minds. Now, as we stand at the starting point of the new century, we are looking forward to the emergence of a new and higher-level information theory. There are many theoretical studies abroad that show a certain degree of maturity, and the theories of the three spaces are representative to a certain extent.

These three spaces refer to cyberspace, information space, and ideological space.

Since 1991, John Aquinas and his collaborators at the Graduate School of the Navy of a certain country have conducted research on future military events, social contradictions and crimes, and information strategies, and have published a series of reports and books, such as "The Advent of Cyber War" in 1996, "New Frontiers in History" in 1999, "The Emergence of Ideology and Politics" in 1999, and "The Transformation of the Role of Information in War" to be published soon.

In particular, in the book "The Emergence of Ideology and Politics", Aquinas et al. comprehensively summarized its theoretical basis: the theory of three spaces, which played an outline role for this research.

Space can be divided into absolute and relative, real and representational, and mathematical and ordinary.

Absolute space: its own characteristics have nothing to do with all external things, it is uniform everywhere and never moves.

Relative space is some structure that can move in absolute space, or a measure of absolute space, which we perceive by its relative position to an object, and it is generally regarded as immovable space, such as space below the surface, in the atmosphere, or in the sky, which is determined by its interrelationship with the earth. Absolute space is the same as relative space in shape size, but not always in value.

Spatial vectors are three-dimensional vectors. It has considerable advantages in dealing with spatial problems, and is more flexible than the original method of dealing with spatial problems.

If the problem of line-surface relationship and the problem of finding angles and distances in solid geometry are transformed into vectors, how to take vectors or establish spatial coordinate systems, find the parallel-perpendicular and other relationships demonstrated, and how to express the angles and distances in vectors is the key to the problem.

The calculation and proof of solid geometry often involves two major problems: one is the position relationship, which mainly includes the perpendicular line, perpendicular line, parallel line, and line-surface parallel; The second is the measurement problem, which mainly includes the distance from the point to the line, the point to the surface, the angle formed by the line and the line, and the angle formed by the surface.

There are more examples of how to use vectors to prove that lines and planes are perpendicular and calculate line angles, and how to use vectors to prove that lines and surfaces are parallel, and there are not many examples of calculating the distance from the point to the plane, the angle of the line and the angle of the surface, which plays a role of throwing bricks and attracting jade.

Outer space, also known as outer space and outer space, referred to as space, outer space or space, refers to the empty region outside the earth's atmosphere, and outer space is usually used to distinguish it from territorial space (territory).

There is no clear boundary between space and the Earth's atmosphere, as the atmosphere gradually thins with increasing altitude. Assuming a fixed atmospheric temperature, the atmospheric pressure decreases exponentially from 1,000 millibars at sea level to zero as the altitude increases.

The Fédération International Aeronautics defines an altitude of 100 km as the Kármán line, which defines the current boundary between the atmosphere and space. The United States considers people who reach an altitude of 80 kilometers to be astronauts, and 120 kilometers is the boundary where air resistance begins to work during the spacecraft's return to Earth.

Cyberspace is the most commonly used of the three concepts, which refers to the global Internet system, communication infrastructure, online conference system, database and other information systems generally known as the network. The term is most commonly used to refer to the Internet, but it can also be used to refer to a specific and extensive electronic information environment, such as the information systems of a company, an armed forces, a government and other institutional organization, etc.

The term can be used to explain the electronic storage and flow of information, the providers and users of the information system, and the technology that is connected to it as a domain and system that makes it as distinctively characteristic as political science and economics. Ideally, as technology advances, users should be able to access and operate this cyberspace through hardware and software.

Cyberspace is the fastest growing territory in the world and the newest sphere of power and ownership.

Regardless of the country, it is one of the largest projects at the moment, and the term cyberspace has become the most popular word on the technical side. But in this term, people seem to see more of the network than technology, from William Gibson's 1984 use of Cyber-punk to describe sympathetic hallucinations (Gibson, 1984), to today's use of Cyberspace to illustrate the construction of a global model of creative ideas and the strengthening of people's spiritual union, this view actually indicates that cyberspace and the space of ideas partially coincide.

Cyberspace is more restrictive than information space or thought space, which is reflected in the fact that it mainly represents the network.

However, some definitions also go beyond the scope of the Internet, such as public telephone networks, power networks, oil and gas pipelines, telecommunication systems, financial clearing houses, aviation control systems, railway marshalling systems, bus dispatching systems, radio and television systems, military and other government security systems, etc., which are related to cyberspace and affect critical infrastructure.

Much of the strategic information warfare is about securing domestic cybersecurity and developing the ability to exploit other countries in the system that are weak.

The measure of the difference in the position of objects is called "space", and space is expressed by length, width, height, and size. It usually refers to the four directions (directions) up and down.

Space is a very broad and relative concept, and the use of early warning is different, and the meaning is different.

The word "space" is derived from Latin, and from a scientific point of view, "space" includes: cosmic space, cyberspace, ideological space, digital space, physical space, and so on.

Explanation of classical physics: The part of the universe outside of the physical entity is called space.

Explanation of Relative Physics: The part of the universe where the movement of material entities takes place is called space.

Space terminology: Outer space is abbreviated as space, outer space, or space.

Mathematical term: Space refers to a set of special properties and some additional structure.

Internet: Refers to the place where documents are kept.

Literary: Represents the conceptual scope of the target thing, e.g., please give me a little space to move; Plant growth takes up more space; Don't limit your thinking space;

The Modern Chinese Dictionary explains: Space is an objective form of material existence, which is represented by length, width, height, large and small (volume and shape unchanged).

With the development of the Internet, people call the place where the website has been created "space". It is generally measured by the size of computer storage, such as KB, M, G, T, and other units.

Space is inseparable from time, according to the Big Bang theory, after the universe exploded from the singularity, the state of the universe was split from the initial "one", so that there are different forms of existence, states of motion and other differences, the measurement of the difference in the position of things is called "space", and the change of position is measured by "time".

Space includes cosmic space, cyberspace, ideological space, digital space, physical space, and so on, all of which belong to the category of space. Geography and astronomy refer to a part of the earth's surface, which is divided into absolute space and relative space. Space is made up of different lines, and lines form different shapes, and space is within the line.

After the establishment of Riemannian geometry and the concept of n-dimensional space, the concept of space in the intuitive sense is usually abstracted into a "spatial form" with a certain quantitative relationship in the real world.

The concept of space refers to the indirect, generalized reflection of the human brain on the form of existence of an object in space.

It involves shape, size, distance, depth, orientation, etc. On the basis of spatial perception, it is an abstraction and generalization of spatial perception. It relies not only on the various spatial representations that individuals obtain from life experience, but also on the various words that express spatial relationships.

The concept of individual space is constantly refined and enriched with age, and has undergone a process of transition from intuitive images to abstract words.

The development of children's left and right concepts goes through three stages: 5~7-year-old children can recognize their left and right directions more fixedly; 7~9-year-old children can preliminarily and concretely grasp the relativity of left and right directions; 9~11-year-old children can grasp the concept of left and right in a more general and flexible manner.

As a form of thinking that reflects the unique attributes of space, the concept of space is summarized by extracting the unique attributes from many attributes of space in people's long-term life practice.

Its formation marks that people's understanding of space has changed from "spatial experience" to "spatial concept", that is, from the perceptual understanding of space to the rational understanding of space.

Spatial experience is diverse, and can be summarized in three ways: First, to say that anything exists must mean that it does not exist somewhere, and that the object that is not in some place does not exist, which is the so-called location, place, and place experience.

The second is that there is such a state as "emptiness", which is the so-called void experience.

The third is that any object has a difference in size and shape, in length, width, and height, which is the so-called extended experience.

As an abstraction of spatial experience, the concept of space forms three spatial views on the basis of the above three spatial experiences: "The experience of place reflects the relative relationship between objects, which is the empirical source of the theory of spatial relations; The reflection of void experience makes it a kind of existence independent of things, which is the empirical source of spatial entityism; Extended experience reflects the inseparable spatial characteristics of the object itself, which is the empirical source of attribute theory.

Thus, in the history of modern philosophy, there are "entity theory", "attribute theory" and "relationship theory" about space. Any concept of space tries to unify and synthesize these three spatial experiences, but they all encounter difficulties, and as a result, the debate between the theory of substance, the theory of attributes, and the theory of relations arises