Lead:

Along with the difficulty of employment, the situation is also severe, and there are two aspects: first, industry, that is, the jobs in specific industries are unwanted; The second is enterprise, that is, a particular enterprise cannot recruit workers.

Since the end of 2008, there has been no complete statistics on the number of unemployed migrant workers. The most authoritative sample survey data comes from the Ministry of Agriculture: 15.3% of China's 130 million migrant workers, or nearly 20 million migrant workers, "have lost their jobs due to the economic downturn or have not yet found a job and returned to their hometowns."

Through the survey, we found that the important feature of the current employment situation of migrant workers is the coexistence of difficulty in employment and recruitment. This situation has been going on for more than four years and has not been eliminated by the impact of the financial crisis. There are two main aspects of the employment difficulties of migrant workers: first, they cannot find a job, that is, they have no job; The second is that although there is a job, it is not sustainable and stable, or in other words, the quality of employment is very low.

In 2009, the negative impact of the financial crisis on China's economic and social development seems to have weakened, and the employment difficulties of migrant workers seem to have improved, but it is not clear. According to a survey report released by the National Bureau of Statistics on March 25, 2009, the total number of migrant workers in China was 225.42 million at the end of 2008, and about 70 million migrant workers returned to their hometowns. After the Spring Festival, more than 80% of them went to the city to work again, of which 45 million have already found work, and 11 million are still looking for work, preferring to "eat together" in the city rather than return to their hometowns.

"Mixed rice eating" is forming a group of "hidden migrant workers" in the city. They are not formally employed, nor do they return to their hometowns, but they hide in this society, their living conditions are unknown, and they are engaged in more marginal jobs or are unemployed. In our survey, there are often dozens of such "hidden people" in a village.

The composition of the "hidden migrant workers" group is relatively complex, mainly including: migrant workers who have not been re-employed after unemployment, newly inflow of unemployed migrant workers, and freelance migrant workers. In the eyes of this implicit group, urban and rural areas are two worlds, and simple migration cannot accomplish a fundamental transformation. The huge gap between the city and the countryside in terms of material and spiritual enjoyment has led them to acquiesce that it is better to "mix" in the city than to "mix" in the village.

Along with the difficulty of employment, the situation is also severe, and there are two aspects: first, industry, that is, the jobs in specific industries are unwanted; The second is enterprise, that is, a particular enterprise cannot recruit workers. The difficulty in recruiting workers at both levels is manifested in the mismatch between the conditions of existing jobs and the employment needs of migrant workers.

The difficulty of recruiting workers is not new.

According to a survey report released by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security in September 2004, about 10% of the processing and manufacturing industries in the Pearl River Delta, southeast Fujian, and southeast Zhejiang were short of workers, of which nearly 2 million workers were in Guangdong, with a shortage rate of 10%. This situation has lasted for more than five years since 2004. Taking Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, a large employer, as an example, at the beginning of 2010, according to the calculation of the Dongguan Labor Bureau, there is currently a job gap of about 200,000 enterprises in the city.

Difficulties in recruiting workers not only exist in enterprises, but also in industries. There are many factors that affect the difficulty of enterprise recruitment, especially the imperfection of the enterprise itself, which is manifested in three aspects. First, the reputation of the enterprise: soft layoffs, hidden unemployment, refusal to pay less wages, efforts to reduce costs, and low wages of migrant workers all constitute hidden dangers of recruitment. The second is the enterprise conditions: the hardware conditions of the enterprise are directly proportional to the difficulty of recruitment. The third is the corporate philosophy: the management philosophy and attitude of the enterprise towards migrant workers is an important factor affecting the difficulty of recruitment.

In this way, the employment dilemma continues to coexist. Difficulties in employment and recruitment seem to contradict each other, but they are actually interrelated and promoted. This "dilemma" is not only the confusion of farmers, but also the confusion of enterprises, and even more so the confusion of the world. Whether the cognitive impairment can be removed, the mutual negotiation game, and the balance of interests determine whether the three parties can "dance" together in harmony.

Why is it difficult for migrant workers to find employment? According to our survey, the lack of quality of migrant workers, including low education level and lack of technology, is still the biggest constraint to employment. Peasants rely on their skills to find jobs very rarely, our statistics are only 23.7 percent, the majority of peasant workers are in a state of disorderly employment, the main competitiveness is reflected in the low requirements, willing to endure hardships, work does not matter whether the level is high or low, and so on.

Many migrant workers over the age of 40 have been working outside for more than 10 years and have been engaged in heavy physical work, such as porters and construction workers. Some construction workers said, "If the boss is not good, take the money and go elsewhere." Another migrant worker said: "The work is very heavy, and I don't have much money, so I save some biscuit money for my children." "21.3% of migrant workers of the father's generation rely on manual work to support their children's schooling.

It is also difficult for not only migrant workers, but also some college students to find employment. In the face of the ensuing job fairs, some college students are not left behind, submitting resumes is like scattering flyers, but they still can't find a suitable position. There are many reasons for this, mainly including: First, the employment concept of college students is still not advanced enough, and many college students take job stability as their first choice. Many companies recruit salesmen, and the salary is attractive, but there are very few people who come forward to ask.

And the resumes in front of the booth recruiting clerks are piled up like a "hill". It can be seen that many candidates want to find a stable job and do not want to work too hard.

Li Dong, manager of Ward Fitness Club, also feels the same way: "Today's college students, it's not that they can't find a job, but they can't find a 'good job' that meets their expectations, most of them love to sit in the office as a white-collar worker, unwilling to accept challenges, and are unwilling to try for those jobs that need to bear more pressure. ”

A college student surnamed Li said: "It's so hard to find a job now, and the job is unstable. I am now preparing for the civil service exam, and I only came to the job fair to prepare for both, the civil service exam is a fair competition opportunity for us, the job is stable and the salary, benefits are good, if you pass the exam, you don't have to worry about anything, it is an 'iron rice bowl'! "This represents the employment outlook of some students. Second, experience and ability are the "soft underbelly" of many college students. Most positions require work experience, and many companies are reluctant to recruit fresh graduates, and experience and ability have become an insurmountable gap for job seekers. Inexperienced candidates do not want enterprises, but experienced and capable people are constantly choosing companies, which is also one of the reasons why it is difficult to recruit and find employment.

When "labor shortage" and "employment difficulty" exist at the same time, we must think: can this society continue to develop? What reason do we have for optimism? The coexistence of "labor shortage" and "employment difficulty" shows that there is a natural and irreparable huge contrast between the jobs that society can provide and the employment skills of the labor force.

It should be noted that the ability of migrant workers and college students to change their employment status is limited, and the hope of meeting the employment needs of migrant workers and college students is the first is to meet them. In fact, the central government has realized that it is necessary to carry out a "strategic transformation" of the economic growth mode, but now many enterprises that are not at the low end of the industrial chain still can't recruit "suitable" people - neither can they recruit the right migrant workers, nor can they use the right college students, because these two different levels of labor, although facing their own different labor markets, but they all have the same fatal flaw: the lack of real "skills"! Therefore, what we need to reflect on is whether our professional education has been weakened and broken too seriously over the years?

After all, teaching knowledge is not the same as teaching skills, and in this regard, we should really learn from Germany's "national lifelong skills training". ** And enterprises, can not care about sharing dividends, and ignore the reinvestment of human resource costs!

The ability of migrant workers and college students to change their employment status is limited, and the hope of meeting the employment needs of migrant workers and college students is to meet them. In fact, the central government has realized that it is necessary to carry out a "strategic transformation" of the economic growth mode, but now many enterprises that are not at the low end of the industrial chain still can't recruit "suitable" people - neither can they recruit the right migrant workers, nor can they use the right college students, because these two different levels of labor, although facing their own different labor markets, but they all have the same fatal flaw: the lack of real "skills"!