Disinfection method selection

In order to make the disinfection work go smoothly and achieve better results, it is necessary to choose the appropriate method according to different situations. In general, the above questions should be considered.

Types of pathogens

Different infectious disease pathogens have their own characteristics and have different tolerances to different disinfection methods. If bacterial spores are the most tolerant to various disinfection measures, they must be treated with sterilants, heat or radiation with strong bactericidal power to achieve better results. Therefore, it is generally regarded as the most difficult representative of disinfection. Others, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, are sensitive to thermal disinfection but are more resistant to general disinfectants than other bacteria. Fungal spores are highly resistant to ultraviolet rays but are easily killed by ionizing radiation. Enteroviruses tolerate peracetic acid similarly to bacterial propagules, but quaternary amine salts are ineffective. Botulinum toxin is easily destroyed by alkalis, but it is highly resistant to acids. As for other bacterial propagules and viruses, spirochetes, mycoplasma, chlamydia, and rickettsia, they all have poor tolerance to general disinfection treatment. Common disinfection methods generally achieve good results.

The nature of the object to be disinfected

The same disinfection method often has different effects on items of different natures. For the wall with smooth paint, it is not easy to stay by spraying the liquid, so it is advisable to rinse and wipe it. For rough walls, it is easy to make the liquid stay and can be sprayed for disinfection. Ethylene oxide fumigation has a better effect on cloth and paper that are easy to absorb drugs, while it must be extended for metal surfaces. Feces and sputum disinfection should not be treated with coagulation protein drugs, because protein coagulation can play a protective role in pathogens, and although the high-pressure steam sterilization effect is good, it is not suitable for fur, plastic and man-made fiber products. Ethylene oxide fumigation of celluloid products, high-concentration peracetic acid or chlorine-containing disinfectants such as bleaching powder soaked cotton fabrics, and long-term soaking of latex gloves with lysosaurus liquid can cause damage. For food and tableware, it is not suitable to use toxic or foul-smelling disinfectants.

Disinfection should take into account local conditions

When disinfecting indoors, houses with good airtightness can be disinfected by fumigation, and those with poor airtightness should be wiped or sprayed with disinfectant. Well-ventilated houses can be disinfected by ventilation and ventilation, and the long-term storage of polluted air with poor ventilation should be fumigated and sprayed with drugs. Densely populated areas should not be disinfected with harsh gases. Close to the fire source, it is not suitable to disinfect with flammable materials such as ethylene oxide.

Hygiene and epidemic prevention requirements

Different conditions have different transmission opportunities and different requirements for epidemic prevention. When infectious diseases are prevalent, in epidemic areas with serious onset, drugs and devices with good efficacy should be used intensively. In peripheral areas where there is less disease, simple disinfection methods can be used. Infectious disease hospitals or wards, where patients are concentrated, the pollution is serious, and the amount of disinfection is large, fixed equipment and efficient measures should be used. Drinking water should be boiled on the basis of purification, and chlorine disinfection can be done after purification of domestic water. For respiratory tract infections, emphasis should be placed on space isolation, ventilation and reasonable wearing of masks, and for gastrointestinal diseases, utensils, feces, vomit disinfection and hand washing after contact. Attention should be paid to the differential treatment of disinfection of different diseases. Patients with viral hepatitis should be disinfected with strong chlorine-containing disinfectants or chlorine agents, and should not be treated with general disinfectants such as quaternary amine salts and lysus.

Attention should also be paid to the factors affecting disinfection, such as the disinfection dose (including the intensity and duration of disinfection), the degree of contamination of the disinfectant, the temperature, humidity and pH of the disinfection, the relevant chemical antagonists, the penetration and surface tension of the disinfectant, etc.