Chapter 59 Superconductors at Room Temperature
Heard Huang Haojie's orders.
Fang Ping nodded and left the new materials laboratory.
The reason why Huang Haojie doesn't want to get entangled with the villagers is that if it continues like this, it will not be beneficial to both parties, and once it is hyped up, it will be a troublesome matter.
After all, online violence is difficult to explain clearly, and people will subconsciously sympathize with the weak, because most people are middle and low-level people, and the hatred of the rich is subconscious.
Instead of wasting time and pestering the villagers, it is better to find a new place, anyway, there are a lot of places in the coastal areas suitable for building wind power stations, why carve boats and swords there.
After Fang Ping left, Huang Haojie continued to return to the laboratory and was researching iron-silver superconducting alloys.
In fact, iron-based superconductors were developed by the Sun in 2008, and then a series of iron-based superconductors were extended, which are mainly divided into four categories.
Before iron-based superconductors, there are copper-based superconductors. In 1986, scientists discovered the first high-temperature superconducting material, lanthanum-barium-copper oxide. Since then, copper-based superconducting materials have become a research hotspot for physicists around the world.
However, until now, there is still no consensus in the physics community on the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity of copper-based superconducting materials, which makes high-temperature superconductivity one of the biggest mysteries in condensed matter physics today.
Therefore, many scientists hope to find new high-temperature superconducting materials in addition to copper-based superconducting materials, so as to make the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity more clear.
As recently as February 2008, scientists from the Solar Nation first reported that fluorine-doped lanthanum ferric oxide arsenic compounds possess superconducting properties at a critical temperature of 26 Kelvin (minus 247.15 °C).
On March 25, a scientific research team led by Chen Xianhui of Dongtang University of Science and Technology reported that fluorine-doped samarium oxide iron arsenic compounds also become superconductors at a critical temperature of 43 Kelvin (minus 230.15 °C).
On March 28, a scientific research team led by Zhao Zhongxian of the Institute of Physics of the Dongtang Academy of Sciences reported that the critical temperature of high-temperature superconductivity of fluorine-doped praseodymium-praseodymium-ferro-arsenic compounds could reach 52 Kelvin (minus 221.15 °C).
On April 13, the research team made a new discovery: if the fluorine-doped samarium oxide iron arsenic compound acts in a stressful environment, its superconductivity critical temperature can be further increased to 55 Kelvin (minus 218.15 °C).
In addition, a research team led by Wen Haihu from the Institute of Physics of the Eastern Tang Academy of Sciences also reported that the superconducting critical temperature of strontium-doped lanthanum iron oxide arsenic compounds was 25 Kelvin (minus 248.15 °C).
Iron-based superconductors are superconducting materials based on iron-containing compounds whose superconductivity is dominated by 3D orbital electrons in iron.
It can have a high-temperature superconductivity of more than 40 Kelvin, and superconductivity occurs in the plane of iron-arsenic (or iron-selenium) in a quasi-two-dimensional crystal structure, which can help to reveal the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity.
Of course, whether it is copper-based superconductors or iron-based superconductors, they all have weaknesses that are difficult to overcome.
It's one thing to have a high cost, after all, it's not a problem that can be solved with money.
But these superconductors have a fatal weakness, that is, to maintain a superconducting state, they must be in a low temperature state.
What we often hear about low-temperature superconductors, high-temperature superconductors, is actually a relative concept.
High-temperature superconductors are a group of superconducting materials with general structural characteristics and relatively moderately spaced copper oxide planes, and they are also known as copper oxide superconductors.
High-temperature superconductors are not the hundreds or thousands of high temperatures that most people think, but the ultra-low temperature required for superconductivity is much higher, but it is also about minus 200 degrees Celsius.
In the superconductivity studied by humans, the temperature is very much higher, so it is called a high-temperature superconductor.
However, even for so-called high-temperature superconductors, in order to maintain the superconducting state, liquid nitrogen must be continuously cooled, which is not only very expensive to maintain, but also very difficult to process.
Therefore, the concept of room temperature superconductor came into being, and room temperature superconductor, also known as room temperature superconductor, is a material that does not need low temperature to present a superconducting state.
Like the planet Pandora in the movie "Avatar", those lands floating in mid-air contain huge superconducting ores.
He had previously obtained the "Iron-Silver Superconducting Alloy Technology" in parallel time and space, but the completeness of this information at that time was only about 40%.
After more than a year of accumulation, he improved the completeness of "Iron-Silver Superconducting Alloy Technology" to about 87% from the memory fragments of parallel time and space.
Although the completeness of "Iron-Silver Superconducting Alloy Technology" has been perfected to 87%, he has a feeling that he has no idea where to start when he looks at this information.
Because the manufacture of iron-silver superconducting alloys requires three conditions, that is, large X-ray lasers and low temperature and high pressure.
According to the technical design, the power of a large X-ray laser needs to reach 1 million kilowatts, which is the minimum standard, and if you want to achieve large-scale production, the power must start at 5 million kilowatts.
Seeing this is simply a pit daddy, what is the concept of 1 million kilowatts? It is equivalent to consuming 1 million kilowatt-hours of electricity in one hour, 24 million kilowatt-hours a day, and 8.7 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity a year.
This is still at the laboratory level, and if you want to achieve large-scale production, you must increase the laser power to 5 million kilowatts, which is the starting position.
Think about consuming 5 million kilowatt-hours of electricity in an hour and 43.8 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity in a year.
And with a huge amount of energy consumed, how many iron-silver superconducting alloys can be made? About 400 tons.
The average consumption of one ton of electricity is more than 100 million kilowatt-hours, which is not counting other costs, plus other costs, the cost of one ton of iron-silver superconducting alloy is not less than 50 million Chinese yuan, and the cost of one kilogram is more than 50,000 Chinese yuan.
What's even more pitiful is the 5 million kilowatt X-ray laser, the cost of this thing is not less than 6 billion Chinese yuan, plus other supporting facilities, the total cost is initially estimated to be about 10 billion Chinese yuan.
If it really wants large-scale production, the annual electricity bill is about 13 billion Chinese yuan.
In addition, the silver content of the iron-silver superconducting alloy itself is about 21%.
At present, the price of industrial silver is about 4.2 Chinese yuan per gram, and one kilogram is about 4,200 Chinese yuan. 400 tons of iron-silver superconducting alloy, according to 21% of the silver content, need to use 84 tons of silver, a total of about 350 million Chinese yuan.
If large-scale production, for example, drives up the price of industrial silver, the production cost of iron-silver superconducting alloys will be forced to increase.
A 50,000 Chinese yuan per kilogram of superconductor at room temperature can only be used for high-end products or laboratory research.
For example, nuclear fusion and superconductor chips and the like, as for superconductor power transmission and the like, don't even think about it, even if the beautiful and strong normal temperature superconductor transmission will go bankrupt.
Think about the cost of 50,000 yuan per kilogram, which is used to make transmission cables, how much does it cost to make a kilometer? The high-voltage wire is about 10 kilograms per meter and about 10 tons per kilometer.
A single kilometer of high-voltage power lines costs 500 million yuan, and then think about how many kilometers are needed across the country? The price is simply too touching, and even the five hooligans can't afford it, let alone those weak chickens.
However, even if the cost is high, Huang Haojie still decided to start this super project, after all, lighting up superconductors at room temperature is related to superconductor chips and nuclear fusion.
If nuclear fusion can be pointed, the cost of power generation will fall to a few tenths of what it is now, and the cost of power generation will fall, which means that the production cost of superconductors at room temperature will fall, so that a virtuous circle can be formed.
Of course, room-temperature superconductors are just one of the conditions for nuclear fusion, and Huang Haojie didn't think that he could get them out in a short time.
However, iron-silver superconducting alloys must be developed.