Volume 1 Prehistoric Wars Chapter 73 Iron Making
There are fish in the North Hells reporting the statistics: "Our army has shot a total of 3,000 wild boars, and at present, we are stepping up the disposal of these corpses, and the fire has killed more than 1,000 heads, and about 300 of them have been burned too much and are inedible!" ”
The old side nodded expressionlessly,
"In addition, in the two southeastern districts, more than 300 sows with cubs were found scattered and scattered. The subordinates don't know what to do. "There is a fishway in the North Underworld.
Lao Fang's first thought was to raise pigs, if he raised a batch of pigs by himself, then the problem of meat would be solved, however, he looked at the whole valley, and suddenly felt that this idea was a little ridiculous, it seems that he is still influenced by some farming authors, and always wants to raise this and that.
Lao Fang made a rough calculation, if an adult pig eats dry feed such as corn flour every day, it needs at least ten catties, and if it eats plant vines, it needs more.
Then according to the dry feed calculation, a thousand pigs consume 10,000 catties of plants per day, and more than 300,000 catties of plants a month.
The whole valley is so big, when its own food cannot be guaranteed, why spend precious manpower and material resources to raise pigs?
I can't afford it, I can't afford it.
Besides, wild boars are in the forest, and when you want to eat them, you can go directly to hunt a batch, isn't it more convenient than raising them yourself?
In addition, as long as you can develop your strength to defeat the two-headed lizard, all the populations in this area will pay tribute to you, and you are afraid that there will be no meat to eat at that time?
Thinking about this, the old party also made a dashing decision: "When the suspension bridge is built, all the sows and cubs will be sent out safely!" ”
Beiming Youyu was stunned, in his feeling, the god in front of him without too much emotion would kill these sows and piglets nine times out of ten, and then cook them to eat, but he guessed wrong, he felt that he couldn't understand the one in front of him even more.
Of course, Lao Fang will not kill these future meat products now.
In addition, it is also a means to ease relations with wild boars a little, although I don't know if it will be effective, but he is still willing to do it.
"Are the fires still burning in the northwest two regions?" The old man looked in those two directions, where smoke was still billowing out.
"There are still some big trees burning, and the others are basically extinguished!" The fish in the North replied.
"Organize 200 people, pick up the soil with baskets, and bury the big trees that have fallen to the ground and are still burning!" Lao Fang issued an order, of course, he did it himself, it may be more straightforward, but it is currently the stage of training talents, and these people must be allowed to grow up as quickly as possible.
"Yes!" There are fish in the North Underworld, and he feels a little puzzled, these trees will be burned and burned, will they be extinguished soon after a while? Of course, he couldn't understand the meaning of the old man's doing, the reason why the old party wanted to bury these giant trees with soil was to enter by sealing the air, so that the residual heat could continue to heat the wood for dry distillation, and finally get charcoal.
Lao Fang originally thought that he would also order someone to collect the ashes of plants and trees, which were all good fertilizers, but then he thought about it, and after a few days, a rain fell, and the ashes were absorbed by the earth.
In the following time, the old party focused on construction, and the old party only left 300 people to continue digging the moat, as for the suspension bridge, he was still thinking of a way, because the wood needed for the suspension bridge was difficult to handle, and he must now find iron and make a saw before he could mine larger wood.
Lao Fang put this problem aside for a while, and began to direct a group of people to build a house.
As the days go by, the colder and colder days are coming, and although this mountainous area can block some wind and cold, when the rain and snow come, it is these people who suffer.
It is still easy to do things with many people, and the old party led a group of people to throw off their arms, dig up the river mud, step on the river mud, and prepare to burn fire bricks.
He made a model of bricks out of wood, put a layer of grass ash underneath, and then filled it with softly stepped river mud to make mud bricks.
There was no time to wait for the mud bricks to dry, so he instructed people to stack the mud bricks into a kiln and then start firing.
Several batches were burned in a row, if you look at it from the perspective of the 21st century, none of these kiln bricks are qualified, but now the old party's standards are so low that there is no bottom line, and it doesn't matter what standards are not standard.
But he finally saw that if he was making a brick house, by the time everyone could squeeze into the house, it would probably be a few years later.
As a result, the old side began to simplify again.
This time he set his sights directly on the mud and straw house, first building a wooden shed out of trees, covering the top with grass, then pouring a layer of river mud, and finally spreading a layer of grass mixed with river mud......
Naturally, the wooden shed could not meet the needs of the wind, so the old party directly used mud bricks to build up the four walls, so as to form a small mud house.
With this model house, Lao Fang was very relieved to hand over the rest of the work to a young man named Bei Yingye, and asked him to be responsible for building 500 mud and straw houses in ten days.
In fact, the old party has already laid a good foundation for him, 100 people cut grass, 200 people cut trees, 100 people dig mud and step on mud, 200 people print bricks, he only needs to transfer some more people and build mud and straw houses according to the steps of the old side.
Lao Fang was not idle, he went to look for iron ore.
Without iron, he couldn't carry out a lot of things.
He remembered that when he was at the top of the mountain before, he saw a pile of bare rocks in the valley from a distance, and at that time, the old man estimated that it was the iron ore he was looking for.
But as soon as he had too many things to do, he put the matter on hold.
In order to confirm his thoughts, he set the rocks as his first target.
……
Half an hour later, Lao Fang was very happy, his guess was not wrong, the mess of rocks in front of him was indeed a pile of open-pit iron ore.
Typical continental volcanic intrusive iron ore deposits, the ore body is lenticular shaped, the scale is not small, the body is five or six hundred meters long, the width is more than one hundred and forty meters, the old party can not know its thickness now, but it is estimated to be more than thirty or fifty meters.
The ore is dominated by magnetite, followed by hematite, but the iron content of these ores is unknown to the old side.
The deposit was found, and Lao Fang was in a good mood, and in his opinion, entering the era of black iron was just around the corner.
He found more than thirty people, took stone hammers, and knocked them at the surface ore.
After knocking for more than two hours, he really let him smash five or six hundred catties, and now the surface layer has been smashed bare, and if he smashes it again, it will have no effect.
Lao Fang had to give up for the time being, he had a feeling of looking forward to sighing, the treasure was in front of him, and he had no way to mine it for the time being.
Because his tools are too low-end to chisel rock formations at all.
He was not in a hurry, and asked people to move the five or six hundred catties of iron ore back.
For the rest of the time, the old party spent all his time on ironmaking.
Lao Fang began to make iron-making furnaces, and the first iron-making furnace was naturally the simplest version, after all, he didn't have any tools to complete some key things in the complex structure.
The iron-making furnace is similar to that in some wilderness survival videos, but he has increased the size of the furnace in order to be able to smelt thirty or fifty catties of pig iron at a time, and in addition, he has added an outlet for molten iron, which he hopes will be able to melt the iron at once, instead of clamping it out and beating it again.
In order to raise the temperature, he designed a more reasonable box than a leather bag - a hand-turned bellows, the box is made of brick and mud, the horizontal length and vertical height are about one meter, and the depth is about 60 centimeters.
The frame of the blades is made of bamboo, 90 centimeters long, and Lao Fang made two, and tied them vertically to the shaft rod in the middle.
One end of the axle rod is stuck in a specially designed bamboo tube, and the other end sticks out of the box, and the old party ties a hand-cranked setting on it.
The old party tried, and the bellows with four blades were quite strong.
The iron-making furnace was almost done, and the old man ordered someone to dig out the giant tree that had been buried in the soil a few days ago, and sure enough, he got a large amount of freshly baked charcoal.
The old man was busy, and he had to do a lot of things himself, and several clever young people of the Northern Underworld were also memorizing with their hearts while participating.
From mud to stoves, from bellows to why such a facility is made, there are enough questions to make a fool's tutorial.
Lao Fang also explained unreservedly, he tried his best to understand in simple terms, however, there were still many problems, he couldn't analyze them thoroughly at all, not that Lao Fang's vocabulary was not enough, but that the cognitive level of these people could not be understood for the time being.
The old party could not explain the amount of oxygen that the bellows would provide to the furnace, the temperature at which the ore would turn into pig iron, and the chemical reaction between the ore and oxygen and carbon monoxide at high temperatures.
The old party didn't say anything about these deeper things, lest these guys with ordinary elementary school education not be able to turn their brains, but just asked them to try to remember some key places.
When the iron was made, the old party first put the iron ore in the iron furnace, and then made a fire, under the rotation of the bellows, the fire became more and more vigorous, and when it was almost over, the old party poured a basket of charcoal down.
Then there was a long process of shaking the bellows, but fortunately, the old party's bellows were made of sufficient materials, and the speed was shaken to the limit and did not fall apart.
In order to make the bellows run at high speed, he brought in more than a dozen people and adopted a system of taking turns to rest, which was also the experience he had accumulated when he was smelting copper before.
Under the intense work of more than 20 people in turn, the charcoal fire became extremely vigorous and consumed quickly, the furnace was closed, most of the heat remained in the furnace, and only a small part was discharged from the chimney with the exhaust gas.
While he was adding charcoal, he glanced into the hearth, and it was a fiery red, and the situation was fine.
The melting point of pure iron is more than 1,500 degrees, but now a large amount of carbon is added to reduce its melting point to about 1,000 degrees.
If the refining furnace is properly designed, such wind power can completely melt it.
Knowing that the iron-making was successful, the old man found clay and loess, first used the clay to pinch the shape of a big iron hammer, and then printed a concave mold in the loess, and the old man also reserved a hole for a wooden handle.
However, this mold has no cover, and whether it can look better when it comes to the open-air mode depends on your eyesight and hand.
The first batch of molten iron, about twenty catties, was poured into the hammer mold force, and there was nothing left. He continued to add small pieces of ore and a large amount of charcoal to the furnace.
The temperature in the furnace has risen, and the ore is melting faster......