During the Daoguang period, Guo Lin wrote a bamboo branch poem in Qingming Dynasty: "One hundred and four-day small cold food, Yeyou fights for the Bailang River, and the paper kite son swings the girl, and there is more chaos than the new spring swallow." ”

Zheng Banqiao has a poem that says: "Paper flowers are flying all over the sky like snow, the beautiful girl swings around, and the five-color Luo skirt swings in the wind, so that the butterflies will return to spring." ”

"Weixian Chronicles" also recorded: "Qingming, children make paper kites, swing play, paper kites are not the same, in addition to cranes, swallows, butterflies, cicadas and all kinds of characters, all vivid, full of ingenuity." ”

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Weifang has formed a fixed kite market, businessmen from many places in the country have come to Weifang to buy kites, for a time, "pattern renovation to attract customers, double butterfly kites into a line", a large number of superb kite artists have emerged.

Types of kites

There are seven types of artistic shapes of Beijing kites:

Zha Yan

Beijing Kite

Zha Yan - also known as Jingyan - was created in Beijing. It is divided into three types: fat, thin and young.

Hard wings - also known as rice characters, because the skeleton structure resembles rice characters and is named. It is generally made into Monkey King, Zhong Kui or flower baskets.

Soft wings - mostly three-dimensional profiled. Such as dragonflies, phoenixes, eagles, butterflies, crabs, peacocks, etc.

To the swallow - also called the burden, a bamboo bears two kites. Generally, swallows, butterflies, and pigeons are released, and they are chased in both hands, and they are like life at the beginning.

Beat - Soft and hard beat, much like a flat plate. Make an octagonal, diamond-shaped, or ladybug-shaped. This type of kite must have a long tail or tassel in tow, and others. Several types of kites do not need to be tailed.

Skewers - centipedes or dragon-shaped kites.

Tube - a kite in the shape of a palace lamp and a bucket.

So far, Beijing kites have maintained the artistic characteristics and style of exquisite skeleton, rigorous painting, grace and luxury, and high ornamental value. The representatives of Beijing kites are: Cao's kite, Jin's kite, and Has's kite. Beijing kites have developed rapidly in recent years, and there are many rookies.

Weifang kite has a strong local life atmosphere and vivid charm, tie to absorb the strengths of all families, especially in the shape structure of the kite and the color of the painting, the process of making woodblock New Year pictures transplanted to the kite, the traditional techniques of Chinese painting, applied to the drawing of the kite, the formation of a beautiful shape, fine workmanship, colorful unique style, become an important genre of Chinese kites.

Among the kite families in China, Weifang kites have a long history and rich and extensive themes. With its peculiar selection of materials, exaggerated deformation of design, painters' New Year's painting techniques, and skillful use of mechanical principles of flying, it constitutes a strong local flavor and unique charm, and is well-known at home and abroad.

Tianjin KiteThe representative of Tianjin Kite is Wei Yuantai, known as Kite Wei. He is known for his constant innovation in kite shapes, pattern painting, and flying techniques. He learned from others' strengths, exquisite skills, punched eyes, buckled and knotted on the kite, and connected the head, body, wings and layers of the kite skeleton with tin-welded copper hoops, and the kite several zhang long can be folded into a one-foot-sized box or paper bag, which is easy to carry.

The butterfly kites he made can automatically change positions in the air, airplane kites can drop leaflets, and kittens can flap their wings and open and close their eyes. On February 20, 1915, 14 kites made by Wei Yuantaizha. Awarded the Gold Medal at the Panama International Exposition held to celebrate the completion of the Panama Canal. Kite Wei with ingenious ideas, peculiar tying technology, beautiful color and luster and won the characteristics of international Tianjin kites, which are prominently manifested in the skeleton tying skills and pattern color.

The kite shape is based on tradition, and its conception and painting are refreshing. Kite Wei once designed and made a parachute device that flicked the wind, which was very skillful, but relatively simple to make. Use a soft reed pipe or hard straw paper with a diameter of about 10 mm to make a straight tube, set it on the kite line, install a hook bent into a steel wire with a diameter of about 1 mm, and hang a small parachute on the hook handle.

At a distance of 1 meter from the kite, the fixed horizontal rod copper wire is in contact with the hook handle and retreats, so that the hook falls off, and the colorful parachute flies all over the sky. Later, his disciples created various new styles of kites, such as flying on strings and birdsong.

The artistic style of the South Ventilation Kite can be summarized as: simple shapes, high-pitched symphonic whistle devices and rich and elegant Gongbi paintings. The basic styles of the southern ventilated kite can be divided into the plate harrier type and the live harrier.

The most distinctive feature of the southern ventilation kite is its sound device, on which there are rows of whistles of various sizes, ranging from 100 to 300 whistles. The South Ventilation Kite is known as a symphony in the air.

Jiangnan Kites: The representative works of Nanjing kites are woodblock printing of traditional kites Pisces and Road Eagles.

In many places in the south of the Yangtze River, as soon as the lights fall during the Lantern Festival (after the eighteenth day of the first lunar month), kites will ascend to the sky one after another. Before and after the Qingming Festival and the Double Ninth Festival is the climax of kite flying. There are many names and styles of kites in the south of the Yangtze River. Small kites with soft wings can be seen everywhere, and the simplest in southern Fujian is a brick knife block, a square piece.

A kind of Ganoderma lucidum kite made in Yangjiang County, Guangdong, is three meters high, and has a copper string giant bow on the top. The wind roars in the sky, and the sound spreads for more than ten miles, and is deeply loved by people. There is also a kite called the Cliff Eagle, which can fly three at the same time in a line. When flying, two of them are on top and one on the bottom, and they take turns to change positions, up and down, and the movements are beautiful, and it is said that the birds that inhabit the forest once mistakenly thought that they were called by their kind and rushed to flock to play. Yangjiang's entertainment ant kite, unique style, the head is the realistic shape of the ant, the longest can reach 150 sections, the total length is more than 10 zhang, after taking off, like a long snake flying, lifelike.

Taiwanese kites The styling characteristics of Taiwanese kites: emphasizing features, simplifying, and exaggerated deformation.

Taiwanese kites are known for their soft-winged shapes. One is to take some beautiful lines of natural objects to form the shape of the kite, and the other is to simulate the shape of natural objects to form the kite. There are mainly 21 varieties such as spinning top, dragon, octagonal, Chinatown, eagle, butterfly, dragonfly, goldfish pick, Pisces, petrel, seven stars, seagull, palace lantern, flying tiger, centipede, big butterfly, big color butterfly, etc.

Types of Kite StructureThe kite is generally made of bamboo as the skeleton, pasted with paper or silk mask, and then drawn in a small way. According to the structural shape of the kite, that is, from the perspective of ornamentation, kites can be divided into five categories: board, hard-winged, soft-winged, string-like, and free.

Board kite: This is what people call a planar kite. From the perspective of structural shape, its lift piece is the main body, without protruding parts, and there are bamboo strips on the four sides of the kite, such as the widely popular face kite, Pisces kite, frog kite, etc. This kind of kite is easy to tie and make, has good flying performance, is suitable for expressing a variety of themes, is the favorite one of children and teenagers, and it is also called the beat kite in Beijing and Tianjin, or it is octagonal diamond-shaped, or it is borer-shaped.

In order to facilitate take-off, these kites, generally holding a long tail or tassel, in order to seek balance, a wide variety, different forms, representative works for gossip kites.

Hard-winged kiteThis kite is made of two horizontal bamboos up and down the skeleton of wings, and the middle vertical rectangular bamboo strip fixes the two wings, pastes the fabric, and forms a triangular wind pocket, which has good take-off performance and stable flying effect.

The stiff wings of the hard-winged kite are fixed, while the shape and skeletal structure outside the range of the hard-winged kite vary depending on the content. There are many themes that can be expressed, plus flower baskets, mandarin ducks, magpies, parrots, etc. in the rice-shaped kites popular in Beijing. The catfish kite is also a rice character with hard wings, but the head is exaggeratedly decorated with two relatively symmetrical fish whiskers, and the tail is more than a foot of fish tail.

The lift sheet (wing) of the soft-winged kite is composed of a main bamboo strip, and the hind half of the wing is soft, with no bamboo strip attached. Its structure, unlike the hard-winged kite, is mostly made of relief skeleton, and the skeleton has single, double-layer and multi-layer. This kind of kite can express a wide range of themes, many types, the subject matter is birds, insects, goldfish, etc., most of the production is to imitate its shape, the technique is exquisite, can give people the image of lifelike, lifelike feeling.

The eagle kites in the Beijing-Tianjin area are designed to imitate the shape of the eagle and exaggerate, which is a typical soft-winged kite. The belly of the kite is short and the wings are long.

The kite was invented by Li Ye during the Five Dynasties period. The written works of the Ming Dynasty Chen Yi wrote in "Inquiry Records Kite": Li Ye of the fifth dynasty made paper kites in the palace, leading the wind play. After the head of the kite, take the bamboo as the flute, so that the wind enters the bamboo, such as the kite, hence the name kite.

The shape of the kite mainly mimics the creatures of nature, such as birds, insects, animals and geometric three-dimensional. In terms of patterns, they are mainly designed based on personal preferences, including promotional logos, animals, butterflies, birds, etc.

In addition to silk and paper, kites are also made of plastic. The bone poles are made of bamboo strips, wood and glue sticks. A boneless kite was designed, which was constructed by introducing air into a silk wind pit, so that the kite formed a gently floating air pillow, and then rode the wind up.

In China, Malaysia, the Philippines and Japan, there is also a large kite that is released into the blue sky at every kite festival, and the size of the kite, which ranges from 10 to 20 feet. The bone pole is made of large bamboo liters, and more than 100 people are put down.

The practice of ordinary kites is generally to use bamboo as a skeleton, paper as meat, and other composite materials include silk, nylon cloth, plastic film or bamboo strips, gauze paper strips, horse-drawn paper, etc.

Paper and silk are the materials used to make traditional kites, with bright and bright coloring, which can better reflect the charm of Chinese kites; But paper is fragile and silk is expensive, and the products of modern science, nylon cloth and plastic film, have become new materials for making kites.

Bamboo is the main material for making kite skeletons, and bamboo with a wall thickness of 3-5 cm can be selected to be cut into bamboo chips, and the toughness of bamboo pieces can be used to make the skeleton of the kite. The skeleton of the kite can be compiled according to personal preferences, such as dragonfly-shaped, butterfly-shaped, etc.

Paper is the main material of the kite, with thin fibers long and uniform, tough, moisture and impact resistance, white and clean color is better. Paste the paper on the skeleton, tie it to the line, and the kite is ready.

At this time, you can also paint the finished kite with your favorite color and lace, or tie a ribbon and hang a paper ring. Although the right amount of attachments cannot affect the flight of the kite in the air, too many attachments can make the flight of the kite unbalanced. Most modern kites use advertising cloth as the fabric of the kite, and the skeleton has also changed from the previous bamboo to a charcoal pole, which greatly improves the flight effect.

Universal approach

Tools: paste, paper knife

Materials: bamboo strips, yarn strips, horse-drawn paper, thread

Features of the square kite:

(1) This kite is the most used and most common.

(2) The skeleton of the kite is very simple to use only two sticks.

(3) Although the method is simple, there are many changes in appearance, and many things can be made with some effort.

Method:

(1) First soak the bamboo strips in water to make the bamboo strips soft, and then use a knife to break the bamboo strips, about one-third of the thickness, and then trim the half-shape, because later the bamboo strips will be pasted on the horse-drawn paper, if it is too thick, the bamboo strips will break the paper, and at the same time, the bamboo strips are too thick, and the yarn paper strips will not be stable. Cut the trimmed bamboo strips into two lengths of about 16 inches and 23 inches.

(2) Cut the mara paper into a square, about 24 inches long, mara paper is a very coarse paper, which is most suitable for the use of kites.

(3) At this time, you can stick the bamboo strips on the paper, but remember to tie the long bamboo strips with gauze paper to the short third, and then slowly bend until the two ends of the long bamboo strips touch the opposite corners of the paper and paste it.

(4) Stick the tail of the kite under the kite, and after the angle between the line and the kite, you can take it off.

Note:

The tail of the kite is the main tool for balancing the kite, when the kite rides the wind, if one side is heavier, the kite will be biased to this side, and the tail is better to be longer, because the longer it is, there will be a weight The head of the kite rises, so that the whole body is affected by the wind, and the oblique side is balanced.

The silk thread of the kite can be reeled with cowhide thread, cotton thread, glass thread and other threads. It can be divided into round wire rollers and row rollers to tie the line to the kite, and it should be at an oblique angle.

Easy way

Tools, raw materials: paper; thin sticks; adhesives, etc.

Methods and steps: Prepare the items to make the kite and build the thin stick into the outline of a kite. Note that the interface is tied firmly with a thread, and a layer of paper can also be wrapped on the thin stick, so that it is convenient to paste the cover for a while.

Cover the kite. Make three tails for the kite, stick it first or not, and see the actual situation when flying.

In addition to triangles, it can also be made into a diamond shape, and the method is similar, but the shape changes slightly.

For kite tie and test flight, the line is best to use a strong one, fly high and take it back. The position of the tie line may affect the kite's takeoff, so pay attention to the adjustment.

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