Wedding and festive fashion spots, various utensils, supplies and paper-cuts for interior furnishings. Generally, paper-cutting is lined on daily necessities such as tea sets, soap dispensers, and basins, and some are attached to the vanity mirror. The theme of the flower pattern is mostly to emphasize the auspicious and joyful meaning.

The color is red, and the shape style is round, square, rhombic flower-shaped, peach-shaped, pomegranate-shaped, etc., and it is configured with various auspicious patterns such as dragon and phoenix, mandarin duck, magpie, flowers and plants, peonies, etc. The composition layout has the method of "setting flowers in flowers".

Paper-cuts attached to gifts such as cakes, noodles, and eggs. In the area of Chaozhou, Guangdong, it is called "cake flower" and "fruit flower", and the area of Pingyang, Zhejiang is called "circle pot flower". The theme of ceremonial flowers is mostly auspicious and festive.

In Shandong, the "happy eggs" to celebrate the birth of children are pasted with paper-cuts, or the eggs are dyed red to reveal white patterns. In rural Fujian, birthday gifts are given to each other, and turtle patterns are used to symbolize longevity. There are turtle-shaped cakes, and there are also turtle-shaped paper cuts.

It is used as a paper-cut for the embroidery base pattern of the upper of the cloth shoe. There are generally three forms, one is cut into small clusters of flowers or small scattered flowers, embroidered on the toe cap, called "toe flower", the second is suitable for the shape of the upper cut into a crescent shape, called "upper flower", the third is extended from the two ends of the toe flower to the upper, called "upper flower".

In addition, there is a kind of "sole flower", which was mostly used for "longevity shoes" in the old days. or embroidered on the sole of a cloth sock. The layout of shoe flowers is generally sparse, and the themes include flowers and plants, birds, etc. Some shoe flowers are cut in part without hollowing, which is called "dark knife", which is the basis for changing the color of the needle when embroidering.

It is also known as "hanging note", "hanging money", "red note", "happy note", "door color" and "Zhai". It is generally used on the lintel or on the second beam of the hall. Its style is mostly pennant-shaped, the sky is large, the two sides are wide, and the tassel is made below. Most of them are carved on red paper, but there are also other colors or colors.

The patterns are mostly geometric patterns or embedded with figures, flowers, dragons and phoenixes and auspicious words, such as "universal celebration", "national peace and security", "more than one year in a row", "wind and rain are smooth", "full of gold and jade", "magpie Dengmei", "blessing, lu, longevity, happiness, wealth", "prosperity of the five industries" and so on. When posting, it is either a word or a piece of content, and hangs in sets, generally with more than five sheets. In addition to the accident of removing the old in the spring, there is also the meaning of praying for blessings and driving away evil spirits.

A kind of color-matched paper-cutting, mostly used for the decoration of traditional folk activities such as worshipping ancestors and worshipping gods, the theme of paper-cutting is mostly selected from operas, historical stories, folklore, flowers, characters and other auspicious patterns. The color matching is generally composed of gold and red, pink, green, blue, orange, light yellow, black and other wax paper, which is rich in color and has a very strong effect.

When cutting paper, you need to use 7 layers of wax paper and a layer of wrinkled gold paper to stack together, engrave the flowers according to a unified style, and then according to the inspiration of the paper-cutting artist, the different parts of each carved flower are put together, re-pasted on a piece of white paper, and finally the white paper is also carved into the same pattern. Therefore, a set of bucket incense flowers can make 8 pieces of paper with the same pattern and different colors.

It is used in folk activities to cut paper in the shape of flags. For example, during the Chung Yeung Festival, the pennant is cut into colored paper and inserted on the Chung Yeung cake, which is very beautiful. In the old customs of Zhejiang in the Song Dynasty, if there was a sick person, the sorcerer would hold a paper-cut dragon and tiger flag to drive away evil spirits and eliminate disasters. In funerals, funeral flags are also cut out of plain paper.

The paper-cut flower flags are related to the flag-like objects held by the Bodhisattvas in Buddhism; In addition, during the memorial service to commemorate the anniversary of the deceased, there are also "spiritualist paper flags" made of paper cutouts, and "soo" (which also resembles flags) hanging from the beams of the prayer hall.

In general, the market sells photos and pictures in the format. When loading the paper-cut, you need to glue a small amount of white latex around the paper-cut to the supporting paper, otherwise after the frame is hung up, the paper-cut will often fall off or move its position, and it will look crooked and untidy.

The color selection of the supporting paper mainly depends on the color of the paper-cutting, which plays the role of setting off the paper-cutting. For example, when the paper-cut is a heavy color, the backing paper should be light-colored, and when the paper-cut is light-colored or white, the backing color should be heavy-colored.

Paper plate mounting can be divided into plane mounting and façade mounting, and plane mounting will be paper-cut with transparent latex all glued to the pre-designed paper plate. Three-dimensional mounting is to divide the paper plate into two layers, sandwiched with a transparent sheet fixed paper-cut, and then the appearance is pasted with a transparent sheet or cellophane, this kind of mounting gives people a sense of three-dimensional space.

A scroll is a form of framed Chinese painting. It is solemn and generous, and it is very bold and oriental art characteristics when hung in the room, and it is naturally superior to frame and cut paper. If you ask a calligrapher to inscribe and stamp a seal on the framed scroll, it can be completely comparable to a Chinese scroll painting.

The price of framing scrolls is more expensive than that of frames, and the framing technique is more difficult, but the artistic effect is quite good.

With the development of modern industry, there are more and more transparent chemical materials, such as transparent resin glue, add a little coagulant, put the paper-cut flat on the glass, pour the prepared glue on the paper-cut, and then flatten the cellophane with a wooden frame on the glue, and then flatten it with a rubber roller, and bake it under a 400-degree light.

After being framed in this way, it is very beautiful and can be preserved forever, but the technology is more complicated, and if the temperature of the prayer is not well controlled, it is easy to break the cellophane and fail. This framing effect is similar to the overgluing effect of a photo.

Folk paper-cutting is good at combining a variety of objects and images together, and produces the ideal beautiful results. Regardless of the combination of one or more images, they are all "with the meaning of the image" and "with the image conformation" to model, rather than according to the objective natural form to model, at the same time, and good at using the technique of comparison to create a variety of mascots, the convention of the image to express their own psychology.

The pursuit of auspicious metaphors has become one of the ultimate goals of imagery combination. The closure of the region and the limitations of culture, as well as the intrusion of adversity such as natural disasters, have stimulated people's desire for a happy life. People pray for abundant food and clothing, prosperity, health and longevity, and all the best, and this simple wish is conveyed through paper-cutting.

The folk paper-cut "Deer and Crane in Spring" is a traditional folk theme pattern. According to records, the crane is the "Xuanniao", and the Xuanniao is the general term for "migratory birds". In folk culture, deer are called "migratory beasts", cranes are called "migratory birds", and deer and cranes are symbols of spring and life. The folk deer and Lu have the same sound, and the crane is regarded as a long-lived bird, so the deer and the crane together have the meaning of longevity.

In the context of the relatively low productivity of civil society, human labor has become the guarantee of survival, and it is the eternal ideal of people to be free from the pain of illness and death. Folk paper-cutting expresses the desire for life in various forms, protects life, celebrates life, shows the joy of life, and the worship of life has become people's pious belief.

"Eagle Stepping on the Rabbit" is one of the favorite flowers of the folk cave house, and it is also a traditional pattern, which is widely circulated among the people. The eagle is a metaphor for "yang", the same as chickens, birds, and crows. In folk deification, the sun is called a "three-legged bird", and the folk call the sun a "crow". The rabbit means "yin", and the folk call the moon the rabbit.

The eagle stepping on the rabbit is a metaphor for the love between men and women, reflecting the theme of fertility worship. The common tent flowers and happy flowers in folk paper-cutting all express the worship and pursuit of life in a metaphorical way. "Buckle the Bowl", "Grab the Bun Doll", "Fish Instigation Lotus" and other themed paper-cut works abound.

There are many pictures that reflect production and life in folk paper-cutting, and these works have one of the biggest similarities, that is, the exaggeration of the subject, big fish, big pepper, big silkworm, big grain, etc., through paper-cutting, people have made up a beautiful image; To comfort one's own soul, to promote man's great creativity to conquer nature, in order to build his own ideal world, and to affirm the power of man, and to inspire the courage of man to continue to struggle.

Guangdong Foshan paper-cut originated in the Song Dynasty, flourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties, from the Ming Dynasty Foshan paper-cut has a special industry mass production. The vast majority of the themes of Foshan paper-cutting are flowers, birds, insects and fish, opera characters and folk tales, such as "dragon", "phoenix", "carp", "peacock", "harmony and two immortals", "six kingdoms of the seal", "Chang'e to the moon", "eight immortals in the East China Sea" and so on.

According to the production of raw materials and methods are copper lining, paper lining, copper writing, silver writing, woodcut overprinting, copper chisel, pure color and other categories, and the use of local specialty copper foil, silver foil, with cutting, carving, chisel and other techniques, lining various colors and painting on a variety of patterns.

It is an embroidery pattern (commonly known as "pattern") carved on a wax plate by folk artists with a carving knife and white paper, which can generally overlap one or twenty layers of white paper carving. Most of the carving knives used are made of alarm clocks and scalpels. The wax disc is composed of vegetable oil, white wax, and incense burner ash in a small wooden disc.

"Patterns" are generally used for shoes, insoles, hats, pillows, saliva pockets, tents, curtains, door curtains and other embroidery patterns, and the patterns are mostly auspicious and auspicious patterns, such as "magpie Dengmei", "dragon and phoenix Chengxiang", "mandarin duck playing in the water", "goldfish lotus", "deer and crane in the same spring", "carp jumping dragon gate", "lion rolling hydrangea" and so on. Contrary to the rough and unrestrained characteristics of northern paper-cutting, the carved paper-cutting in the north is delicate.

Paper-cutting in various parts of Fujian has different characteristics. Nanping, Hua'an and other places in the mountainous areas have more works depicting mountain poultry and livestock, and the performance is relatively strong and powerful, pure and simple; Some coastal areas of southern Fujian and Zhangpu are often painted with aquatic animals, with meticulous styles and vivid shapes; Putian and Xianyou are dominated by gift flowers, which tend to be gorgeous and delicate.

The role of paper-cutting is also very extensive: the annual festival of window flowers, door checks, lanterns, ceremonial flowers and embroidery manuscripts, Quanzhou artists carved paper is also used in the building furniture, as a copy of the lacquer painting of the base.

The most distinctive style of Fujian paper-cutting is the Putian gift flower. He Sheng, congratulations, congratulations, sacrifices, gods, ghosts, ancestors, whether it is a gift or an offering, whether it is light or generous, it is necessary to give a bright red paper-cut flower.

Even pigs' heads, pig's feet, pig's belly, and chicken feet are the same. There is a saying in China that "courtesy is light on people's wishes", presumably gifts are symbolic acts, and the flowers on gifts are a manifestation of human affection.

Yangzhou is one of the earliest areas where paper-cutting is popular in China, as early as the Tang Dynasty, Yangzhou has the custom of paper-cutting to welcome spring. On the day of the beginning of spring, folk paper-cutting is flowers, spring butterflies, spring money, etc., or hanging on the head of the beauty, or embellished under the flowers and trees, looking at each other for fun.

It is rumored that during the Jiaqing and Daoguang periods, the famous artist Bao Jun's paper-cutting, flowers, birds, fish, and butterflies all have both god shapes, so they are known as "divine scissors". After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Yangzhou paper-cutting has been valued by the state and local governments. In 1955, Yangzhou established a folk craft society.

In 1979, Zhang Yongshou, a paper-cutting artist, was awarded the title of "Master of Chinese Arts and Crafts" by the state, and the "Hundred Flowers Blooming" in the 50s of the 20th century, the "Hundred Chrysanthemums" in the 70s and the "Hundred Butterflies Love Flowers" in the 80s were three paper-cut collections for their representative works. Yangzhou paper-cut has a wide range of themes, including people and flowers, birds, beasts, insects and fish, strange mountains and strange scenes, places of interest and historic sites, etc., especially the flowers of the four seasons.

According to the "Wulin Fanzhi", in the five dynasties, "Wu Yuejian Wang was on the day of Xingji...... Hundreds of households outside the city, do not hang brocade, all use colored paper to cut people and horses to represent", depicting a grand paper-cut landscape that appeared in Wu Yue's hometown.

There are window flower paper-cutting in Zhejiang Province all over the place, with Yongkang, Pujiang, Pan'an in Jinhua area, Yueqing, Pingyang and other places in Wenzhou region, with different styles and different uses. Jinhua area is mostly window flowers and lanterns, Yueqing's fine-grained engraved paper is mainly used to decorate the dragon plate lamp, and the "circle pot flower" placed on the gift when giving gifts in Pingyang is the most distinctive.

There are patterns used in dresses, shoes and hats in various places. The opera window flowers in Zhejiang paper-cutting also have uniqueness, which is good at taking the typical scenes and plots in the play, and fully reflects the beauty of the characters. Thin yin lines are cut out in the large image wheel gallery, so that the image structure and the rhythm of the picture are added.

Hebei Weixian paper-cut originated in the Ming Dynasty, its production process is unique in many paper-cuts in China, this paper-cut is not "cut", but "carved", it is made of thin rice paper as raw materials, carved with a small and sharp carving knife, and then dyed bright and brilliant colors. The whole process has six processes of painting, binding, dipping, carving, dyeing and packing, that is, the so-called "yang carving to see the knife, yin carving to see the color, should be modeled, with the class of color".

On May 20, 2006, the "paper-cutting" project (Weixian paper-cutting as a component) was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. On June 5, 2007, the Ministry of Culture of the People's Republic of China confirmed that Zhou Zhaoming from Wei County, Hebei Province was the representative inheritor of the cultural heritage project, and was included in the list of 226 representative inheritors of the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage projects.

The genre format of Shanxi paper-cutting is adapted to local folk customs and practical needs. The most common is the window grille, which is sized according to the shape of the pane.

For example, the window format in the northern Hebei region has diamond-shaped, round, multi-angle and other styles, and the window grilles also vary with the window, the small inch is allowed, and the large one has four corners, hexagons, and octagonal echoes of the "group flower". In the area of Xinzhou, celebrate the Spring Festival, or organize a marriage to paste the "full window flower", that is, cut out persimmon, Ruyi, peony, Buddha's hand, lotus, osmanthus, sheng, etc., I wish the new daughter-in-law to be good at female red, give birth to a noble son early, and be happy.

In general, the style of Shanxi paper-cutting has the characteristics of coarse, majestic, concise and simple in the northern region. However, due to the regional environment, living customs, and aesthetic concepts, there are differences in paper-cutting in various places. For example, the paper-cutting of Jinnan, Jinzhong, Shandong, Northwest and Luliang Mountains is mostly monochrome paper-cutting, and the style is simple and rough. The dyeing paper-cutting that is popular in the Yanbei area is graceful and elegant, magnificent, especially represented by "Guangling paper-cutting".

Shaanxi paper-cutting is known as a "living fossil", which more completely inherits the Chinese nation's yin and yang philosophy and the concept of reproductive worship. For example, the ancient modeling patterns "fish body human face" and "sphinx face", the "bun doll" similar to the Zhou culture, and the "ox ploughing picture" similar to the Han portrait.

Shaanxi paper-cutting has different styles due to different regions. Northern Shaanxi paper-cutting is thick and stout, with strong lines and concise cutting lines; The fixed edge and Jingbian paper-cutting are more detailed, and the lines are more straight and fluent; Yichuan paper-cut lines are thick and curved; The paper-cut lines in Guanzhong are as thick as the tip of a needle, and the style is unique; Chaoyi paper-cutting is mostly dramatic, and the modeling dynamics are almost shadow puppetry; Sanyuan paper-cutting is mainly flowers, with simple structure and strong color contrast; Fuping paper-cut is fluent in cutting patterns, and the light and shade are adaptable. On the whole, Shaanxi paper-cut has an ancient shape, a rough style, a clear meaning, and a variety of forms, including a strong earthy atmosphere and distinctive regional characteristics.

Shandong paper-cutting can be roughly divided into two categories in terms of modeling style: one is the rough and bold style of the Bohai Bay region, which is in the same vein as the paper-cutting of other provinces in the Yellow River Basin; One is the more characteristic Shandong Jiaodong coastal area to line-based, line and surface combination of delicate paper-cutting, it seems to be in line with the Shandong Han Dynasty portrait stone subtle and complicated style in line, with its pattern of dense decorative means, so that the simple and refreshing appearance is more full and rich.

Shandong Jiaodong called the skillful woman a "trick man", and no matter which village the trick man is in, it is something that people are proud of. According to the fact that most of the windows in Jiaodong are slender lattices, they use the method of dividing the large composition into strips and cutting them out, and then pasting them on the windows to form a complete picture.

Paper-cutting art is one of the oldest Chinese folk arts, as a kind of hollow art, it can give people a visual sense of emptiness and artistic enjoyment. Paper-cuttingUse scissors to cut paper into a variety of patterns, such as window flowers, door letters, wall flowers, ceiling flowers, lamp flowers, etc.

During festivals or weddings, people put beautiful and bright paper cutouts on the windows, walls, doors and lanterns of their homes, and the festive atmosphere is thus more enthusiastic. In rural areas, paper-cutting is usually done by women and girls. In the past, paper-cutting can be said to be a handicraft art that almost every girl must master, and it is also a standard for people to evaluate the bride. In the art of paper-cutting in the north and south of China, through a pair of scissors and a piece of paper, you can express all kinds of joys, sorrows and sorrows in life.

It has a history of 1,500 years, and the art of paper-cutting at that time was quite proficient. After the Sui and Tang dynasties, the art of paper-cutting became more and more prosperous. The Tang Dynasty also saw the emergence of verses dedicated to paper-cutting. The poem "Cai Sheng" wrote: "Cut and give blind dates, silver hairpins adorn phoenixes."

The leaves come out of the golden knife, and the flowers follow the jade fingers". It depicts the beautiful movements of the beautiful women of the Tang Dynasty and the beautiful effects of the flowers, birds, grasses and insects cut out. In the Song Dynasty, the paper-cutting industry and paper-cutting masters began to appear. In the Song Dynasty, paper-cutting began to become popular; The Ming and Qing dynasties were the peak period of paper-cutting.