If you carve a kind of chrysanthemum called "heron feather", because it blooms with a petal, a petal hooks a petal, cut this chrysanthemum, to use the "digging and cutting method", the place where the cut is connected to the piece, the petals are with each other, the thickness and size between the petals can be uneven, the changes are different, and the cut flowers can be as plump and beautiful as the feathers of the heron.

When a large number of paper-cuts are engraved at the same time, in the use of knife techniques, it is necessary to cut or not to scratch, and the cut out of the paper-cut should appear thicker than the cut out of the paper. When using a knife, it must be like holding a hacksaw, cutting up and down back and forth, and the force must be strong and even, otherwise, the knife will lose its flexibility for thousands of miles.

Be careful not to swing back and forth from side to side, and the knife must be held vertically up and down so that the carved paper cut will be accurate. When cutting paper, the knife and the knife must be accurate, especially in the place where the knife and the knife are connected, say the next down, talk about the start, otherwise, the line is easy to be cut by the knife or carved constantly and tear the paper-cut.

The "skill" here mainly refers to the "sawtooth" and "crescent moon" carved with a skillful knife. These are the two most important knife techniques in the paper-cutting knife method. When these two knife techniques are used properly, they can form the unique "knife flavor paper feeling" of paper-cutting art.

"Sawtooth" is naturally produced by the author in the production process due to the cutting and movement of paper and knife, which uses the length, density, straightness, rigidity and softness, dullness and sharpness of the sawtooth, combined with the characteristics of different objects, to express its texture, sense of volume, structure, etc.

When carving a plant, the soft zigzag pattern can express its flowers and fruits, and the hard zigzag pattern can express the needle and plush of the leaves and stems of the tree.

When carving animals, the fine zigzag can express the soft fluff, the strong zigzag can express the hard mane, and the round semi-arc zigzag can express the feathers and scales of birds, fish and insects.

When carving figures, you can express the moving eyebrows, beard, and hair with the fluttering zigzag, and the slender and plump zigzag can express the plump skin of a child.

"Crescent moon" is also a variety of arc-shaped decorations naturally produced when cutting, it is mainly engraved in the shade, mainly showing the clothing pattern of the character, or destroying the area of a large piece of black, according to the characteristics of the same thing, shape, can be long or short, can be wide or narrow, can be curved or straight, can change out of a variety of different types.

The two forms of "sawtooth" and "crescent moon" are also often different, and they are used interlaced in a paper-cut picture, making the layers more distinct and varied.

From the budding of the sawtooth and crescent moon in the paper-cutting techniques of "Tsushima Tuanhua" and "Tsushima Tuanhua" in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, after a hundred years of historical evolution, it has continued to this day, and it has become a kind of decorative pattern law that is loved and used by people.

In addition to "sawtooth" and "crescent", there are also forms of folk paper-cutting, such as flowers, swirls, moires and water patterns.

A really good paper-cut work has a certain standard, how to appreciate an excellent paper-cut work?

A high-quality paper-cut work of art must have its own style and characteristics of paper-cut art. Each kind of art due to the different tools and performance, so as to form its own unique style, such as Chinese painting pays attention to brush and ink, Western oil painting emphasizes color blocks, woodcut pays attention to black and white, paper-cutting should pay attention to knife taste and paper sense, with a knife on the paper imitation engraving carved paper-cut should not be regarded as a "good paper-cut, with scissors against the painting pattern copied down the paper-cut can not be called a masterpiece." An excellent paper-cut should use the language of paper-cutting to shape an artistic image.

A very important feature of the artistic language of paper-cutting is that all images are shaped in a delicate and transparent form, which in addition to the tools and material properties of paper-cutting, mainly requires paper-cutting to have the practical needs of "light transmission". In particular, the "window grille" is more demanding, otherwise, a black paper-cut pasted on the window will block all the outdoor light, which is neither transparent nor beautiful.

An excellent paper-cut work of art should emphasize the decorative taste, the composition is head-up, symmetrical, the picture is balanced, beautiful and generous, the line thickness is appropriate, the color is bright, and the soft coordination is an important factor in the formation of decorative style. In addition, due to the relationship between tools and materials, some unique techniques in paper-cut works (such as "crescent moon", "zigzag", etc.) are also important factors that contribute to their decorative characteristics.

Paper-cut artworks should emphasize the exaggeration of the shape and take into account the beauty of the silhouette, there are some beautiful and ugly places in any object, the purpose of artistic exaggeration is to strengthen the factors that highlight the beauty, reduce and simplify the ugly factors, and the exaggerated picture will make people pleasing to the eye.

All parts of our country, there are paper-cutting customs, the style is very different, the workmanship is uneven, the subject matter is different, and the paper-cutting materials are very different. According to the classification of production methods, there are mainly paper-cutting and paper-cutting; Classified according to the form of expression, there are mainly monochrome and pointillism.

Scissors paper-cutting, has a long history, but due to the limitation of the number of processing, and subtle carving, it is gradually replaced by engraved paper, the advantage of paper engraving is that it can process multiple sheets, and the knife method is varied.

Monochrome paper-cutting and pointillism paper-cutting, although they have their own merits, but the real excellent paper-cutting should be monochrome, because monochrome paper-cutting, highlighting the artistic theme of "cutting", can not be a little false. And pointillism paper-cutting, commonly known as "three-point cutting, seven-point dyeing." "The colors used will be polluted and decolorized in a short period of time, and the decolorized paper-cutting has no appreciation value.

Every year near the Spring Festival, a variety of paper-cut works begin to fill the streets and alleys, cities and villages on the land of China, these paper-cut patterns or lifelike, or frank and simple, even clumsy and grotesque, but all convey the Chinese people's prayers for all the best, auspicious and beautiful life wishes.

These bright and splendid paper-cuts bloom in the lintels of houses, halls and bedrooms, window lattices and boxes, and the festive atmosphere of bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new year is rendered rich and rich. Especially in the rural areas of northern China, the Spring Festival is always in the deep winter when everything is withering, and the endless gray will inevitably make people feel monotonous and dull, but when you see the colorful window flowers in the windows, the door flags fluttering in the wind, the stoves, cabinets, grain hoards, corrals, etc., are all auspicious paper flowers, you will sincerely admire this rich life atmosphere and the people's fresh pursuit of life. The people's love for the art of paper-cutting is also clear at a glance.

Paper-cutting is a kind of ephemeral art, its inheritance needs to be taught from person to person, therefore, its circulation is not easy, however, it can be widely popular in Chinese folk and passed down from generation to generation, thousands of years of decay, which depends on its wide range of social expression functions and rich folk matters support.

Praying for disasters, praying for longevity, celebrating festivals, blessings for weddings, and remembering the ancestors can all be expressed with the help of paper-cutting, and its colorful connotations and applications are accompanied by various folk customs and penetrate into all areas of people's daily life. For example, hanging spring flags during the Spring Festival, pasting window flowers, and Lantern Festival decal lanterns can all render the festivity and harmony of the festival.

Or such as the wedding custom paper-cutting in marriage, the theme pattern of Luan Feng and Ming, and the hundred-year-old harmony, expressing the love and marriage ideals of young men and women in the past generations. Because paper-cutting is a culture created by women, some places also use the art of paper-cutting to test whether a woman is ingenious or not, so as to find a satisfactory daughter-in-law. Therefore, getting together in their spare time to cut patterns and race skillfully is also an interesting part of the life of many girls.

For example, when a loved one dies, or in March Qingming, people use paper to cut into winter clothes, or make sacrifices, and burn them in front of the cemetery or ancestral tablet to express the grief of the living for the dead. There are always joys and sorrows in life, gains and losses, birth, old age, sickness and death, get rid of the pain of illness and death, and the pursuit of happiness and beauty of life is people's eternal ideal.

As a popular traditional cultural art in Chinese folk, paper-cutting has a unique national aesthetic taste. At the same time, paper-cutting is also an interesting and beneficial comprehensive art, learning paper-cutting, is conducive to the cultivation and enhancement of children's abilities in all aspects. And China attaches great importance to the education of traditional national culture and the inheritance of traditional classics and skills, and paper-cutting, as a Chinese folk cultural heritage, will be promoted in many schools.

Therefore, in China, many children learn the art of paper-cutting. There is a certain degree of difficulty in learning paper-cutting, but there are scientific tutorials that go from easy to difficult, just need a pair of scissors, a piece of paper, calm down, follow the tutorial step by step to origami, composition, cutting, and soon you can cut out simple and beautiful patterns. After careful learning, many children can become a little expert in paper-cutting.

The homeland of paper-cutting was in China, and then it spread to Europe with papermaking in the west and to Japan in the east. Therefore, paper-cutting in many countries is directly or indirectly related to Chinese paper-cutting. One of the most representative is Japanese paper-cutting.

The development of Japanese paper-cutting was deeply influenced by Chinese paper-cutting. Just as Chinese paper-cutting has a wide range of social expression functions and a strong dependence on folk customs, Japanese folk paper-cutting also appears in attachment to folk customs and accompanying celebrations, and is mostly practical paper-cutting with blessings and decorative embellishments.

Chinese paper-cutting is accompanied by various folk customs and permeates all areas of people's daily life, while Japanese folk paper-cutting is mostly used in temples, shrines, and harvest celebrations. Chinese paper-cuts are mostly used for posting, while Japanese paper-cuts are hung in rows on long ropes and fluttering in the wind. The paper-cuts of the two countries use symbolic techniques, such as the turtle to symbolize longevity, the crane to symbolize auspiciousness, and the mandarin duck to symbolize love.

However, although Chinese and Japanese paper-cutting have the same origin, they are not the same, and in the inheritance and flow of more than 1,000 years, they have presented a very different artistic outlook. Chinese paper-cutting, relying on a pair of scissors, is simple and flexible. Japanese paper-cutting also borrows several tools such as carving knives and backing plates, which are complicated and delicate.

Japanese paper-cutting is soft and poetic, with wind and snow, grass and trees, and many veins and feelings, like Japanese literary works, the meaning is quiet, subtle and beautiful. And Japanese paper-cutters make good use of washi paper. Washi is a kind of fine handmade paper in Japan, containing silk and linen ingredients, which is colorful, bright and warm. The paper-cut made from this paper looks elegant and precious.

Chinese paper-cutting is rooted in the folk, and its development and inheritance depend on ordinary people, who like to express their hearts directly, or express their wishes with the help of unbridled imagination, which is more rough, simple and melancholy.

The Chinese and Japanese paper-cutting culture has never stopped exchanging. Exhibitions, discussions, visits, and learning of various specifications often occur. As long as the paper-cutting culture does not decline, the exchange between China and Japan will also have a long history.

Paper-cutting is the oldest art in Chinese history and culture, a pair of scissors, a few pieces of red paper, and then use a certain technique, you can cut out a vivid pattern.

Due to the differences in regional cultural backgrounds and the relative stability of some genres of folk paper-cutting, today's folk paper-cutting still retains different levels of ancient Chinese culture. No matter what kind of paper-cutting, we can appreciate the mystery of the initial period of national art, the majesty of the rising period and the charm of the mature period, and obtain historical enlightenment from the creation of laborers.

Monochrome paper-cutting is the most basic form of paper-cutting, which is cut from various colors such as red, green, brown, black, and gold, and is mainly used for window decoration and embroidery. There are mainly three kinds of expression: yin carving, yang carving, and yin and yang combination. It is used for the paper-cutting of embroidery substrates, and the technique of cutting and thorns is commonly used.

The needle is to prick small dots in the details of the pattern with the tip of the needle, and leave a "dark knife" in some parts, which can be used as the basis for changing the needle and thread during embroidery. Folding paper-cuts, silhouettes, tearing paper, etc. are all manifestations of monochrome paper-cutting.

Folding paper-cutting: Folding paper-cutting is one of the most common folk methods of making expression. The so-called folding paper-cut is a paper-cut that is folded and cut in different ways. The earliest "Tsushima" and "Monkey" flowers were folded and cut.

Folding paper-cut folding method is concise, easy to make, labor-saving and time-saving, the shape is summarized and has a certain deformation, especially suitable for the performance of structural symmetrical shape and symmetrical schema, such as people, frogs, butterflies, turtles, reflections, fish, etc., geometric patterns, flowers, scenes, utensils and other themes can be adapted, and the development is extremely symmetrical, and can change a variety of suitable shapes, two sides continuous, four sides continuous or multi-party continuous, which is a major reason why it can be circulated for a long time, folding paper-cutting to China's paper-cutting popularization and craft pattern modeling, plays an important role.

Silhouette silhouette is an ancient form of paper-cut art, through the outer contour to express the shape of the figure and the image, so it pays the most attention to the beauty and shape of the outer contour, the silhouette due to the limitation of the contour modeling, generally to show the side of the person or other objects as well.

Its tools are mainly scissors and carving knives, and the paper is generally black or heavy colored paper. The silhouette is very suitable for expressing the light transmission effect, and it is a very distinctive type of paper-cutting.

Tearing paper is a new type of deformation from traditional folk paper-cutting. The method is to use different types of paper, using the method of hand tearing to tear the shape, and the hand cutting will naturally be greatly limited, not suitable for the effect of ingenious workmanship, but it is this limitation that shows its unique artistic personality, there is a kind of ancient and elegant, bold and vigorous style. There is often a kind of randomness in the process of tearing paper, and there is a natural charm.

With the exploration and development of the expression of paper-cutting, the forms and techniques of color paper-cutting are gradually increasing, such as point dyeing, color matching, color separation, color filling, wood printing, spray painting, sketching and color weaving. Each form has its own characteristics and uniqueness: dot dyeing paper-cutting is moisturizing and decorative; The color-matched paper-cutting is crisp and the color block is bright; The color separation paper-cutting is distinct and the color sense is rich; The coloring paper-cutting is simple, clean and distinct, all of which give people different feelings.

Spot-dyeing paper-cutting is a dot-dye paper-cut with color on the engraved paper. This kind of paper-cutting also belongs to carved paper, and there are not many yang lines in the design, and the emphasis is on dry small area of yin carving, so as to leave a large area of the yang side for spot dyeing. Similar to the effect of woodblock prints.

The colors used in dot dyeing and paper-cutting are generally magenta, magenta green, etc., which are used for folk dyeing, collectively referred to as "color". Dye it on a paper cut made of white rice paper. As soon as the color melts into the raw rice paper, it immediately penetrates up and down, left and right, and can dye three or five sheets at a time. If the penetration is insufficient, you can turn it over and make up the pen on the back.

When blending, it is mixed with liquor or alcohol, which is very permeable, and is used on rice paper and other highly absorbent paper. Since alcohol and liquor do not contain glue, the paper surface is still flat and wrinkle-free after the alcohol volatilizes, which can produce a good blending effect.

When dotting and dyeing, a brush is dipped in a color, not intertwined, and the color matching principle is like watercolor and gouache painting. Yellow and blue are mixed to form green, and red and blue are mixed to become purple. Some manufacturers use assembly line operation, dyeing workers lined up, one dyed red and yellow, one dyed blue and green, and all dyed when it was the turn of the last person.

Color-matching paper-cuttingColor-matching paper-cutting is usually based on yang engraving, which is the opposite of spot-dyed paper-cutting, and a large area is hollowed out, leaving room for coloring. From the back of the work pasted with colored paper blocks, mostly cut with black paper or gold paper, according to the skin color, clothing, utensils, flowers and trees are pasted with different colors.

On the copy box, use a pencil to outline the shape of the required color, and then cut it out according to the shape of the pencil, and stick it with a small brush dipped in paste according to the part. Sometimes the color register deliberately goes beyond or below the contour line, making it appear more vivid. For example, the flush of a girl's face and cheeks is cut into an oval shape, which is very interesting to the folk baby.

Color-matched paper-cutting doesn't have to be a complete set everywhere. Regardless of whether it is all or part of the color, you should consider whether it is necessary to do so, and beware of half the effort and thanklessness. All color registers should strengthen the main tone, and local color registers should pay attention to less and fine, which plays the role of the finishing touch. Although the color of the paper-cut is more free and easy to choose, but one more color does play a role in one more, two colors can be summarized, and the third color must never be added. The use of color is concise, the technique is concise and just right, and it is a superb expression of art.

Separated paper cutouts, some are also called cut and paste. It is a combination collage of two or more monochrome paper cuts, which is basically a monochrome paper cutout. It is made from cut paper of different colors and shapes to form a picture. When combining collages, pay attention to the coordination between colors, and should not be too trivial. There is also a kind of paper-cutting that is divided into the main pattern and the shading, and then the main pattern is set off with the background, and the collage is staggered and overlapped.

For example, in a paper-cut, the sky is filled in the color of the paper-cut blue, the clouds are white, the ground is grass green, the yurt is purple-gray, and the camel is ochre-colored.

Coloring paper-cutting, also known as pen-color paper-cutting, is used to color. To do this, a black cutout is pasted onto a white backing paper and a pen is drawn within the outline of the line. The flat coating effect is similar to that of color matching, but the technique is different. After filling, there will be a change in shade and a natural blending effect. Pay attention to the pen not to be rigid and repeatedly altered, you can make full use of the effect of natural immersion.

Woodblock paper-cutting is a form of paper-cutting that combines printing and cutting, and some of its methods are engraved after woodblock printing, that is, "opening phase", and then dyeing on the paper-cut printed on the woodblock, and some are directly printed into a paper-cut effect and directly pasted. Woodblock paper-cutting is similar to folk woodblock New Year paintings, which can be produced in large quantities. It is mostly used to express the themes of opera characters and mythological stories, and has a stronger expressive power than pure engraved paper, but it is not as perfect and natural as dot-dyed engraved paper.

Inkjet paper-cutting is a paper-cut made by spray-dyeing with an airbrush (airbrush). It can be sprayed on the backing paper or on the framed decoupage. The fog points sprayed by the airbrush have special effects, such as mist, morning dew, frost and snow, and raindrops. There are large and small points, and there are sparse and dense points.

Sketch cutoutSketch papercut is a form of combining paper-cut and painting. One is mainly cutting, using a brush to outline the details, and there are also all lines to outline the picture, and then using scissors to hollow out the blank space; The other is to use gold leaf paper to carve out the general outline of the pattern, so that some parts are blank, and the lines are appropriately outlined.

Since it is a combination of cut and painting, many details can be drawn directly with a pen, and the combination of cut and painting can produce a new interest, which not only uses painting techniques, but also retains the uniqueness of paper cutting.

Color knitting is a type of paper-cutting that is used at the same time. It is to use strips of paper of various colors, through different cutting and weaving, to form various geometric patterns and flowers, animals, people, etc. Its bright lines and unique composition, in addition to its decorative role, also has a wide range of practical value, can be used for mat weaving, basket weaving, embroidery, children's handicrafts, etc.

Chinese paper-cut three-dimensional paper-cut three-dimensional paper-cut three-dimensional paper-cut can be both monochrome and color. It adopts a new type of paper-cut that is close to sculpture and relief produced by painting, cutting, folding, gluing and other comprehensive techniques, which absorbs the skills of modern art, fully embodies the characteristics of realism and art romance, and makes the paper-cut change from a flat sense to three-dimensional, which can be used for ornamental modeling and children's handicraft.