As a kind of art handicraft, cloisonné is made of various colors of enamel on the surface of the bronze to paint the pattern, and the surrounding of the pattern is embedded with copper wire or gold and silver wire, and then fired with a high degree of fire.

The cloisonné that has just been taken out of the fire is basically black in color, and it only after it has cooled down does it show a colorful appearance. This process began in the Ming Dynasty Jingtai, and when it was first created, it was only blue, so it was called cloisonne. Though there are various colors, I still use the old name.

Because cloisonne has become the name of a process, rather than the name of the color, it is said that Jingtai is the son of Xuande, Xuande attaches great importance to bronze and copper smelting, Jingtai in his childhood, the understanding is very detailed, and the love is very deep, but for the casting aspect, Xuande has reached the top, no ability to seek a breakthrough, in terms of color, another way, in order to win by surprise.

Finally, there is the creation of cloisonné. In the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, it began to be fired again, and there were many categories, and the results were good, although it could not be compared with Jingtai and Chenghua periods, but it was not inferior to the products produced after Hongzheng.

Although there are Kang Yong's utensils now, but after careful examination, there is no difference between them and the utensils made by Qianlong, which are actually made by Qianlong and engraved with Kang Yong's year, but not made by Kang Yong.

Generally speaking, the copper quality of the Ming Dynasty tire is better, mostly copper tires, the body is slightly thicker, so the shape is antique, the main imitation bronze used in the color glaze are natural mineral materials, the color is deep and realistic, red like ruby red, green like turquoise green. At this time, the silk is pinched thicker, and the gold-plated part is thick with gold water. There are mostly sand holes on the colored glaze.

There are "Daming Jingtai Year" or "Jingtai Year", and there are both bottom and side sections.

The cloisonné process of the Qing Dynasty is improved compared with the Ming Dynasty, the tire is thin, the filigree is fine, the color glaze is also brighter than the Ming Dynasty, and there is no sand hole, the patterns are complex and diverse, but it is not as vivid as the Ming Dynasty's decoration, the gold plating part of the gold water is thinner, but the gold is very beautiful.

During the Republic of China, the overall level of cloisonne was not as good as that of the previous generation, the carcass was thin, the color was bright and floating, and the workmanship was coarse. At this time, there are only "Lao Tianli" and "Dexingcheng", and the cloisonné made is fine and of good quality.

The shape is more antique bronzes, or imitation of Qianlong's fine models, which are already carved models. There are many cloisonné furnishings, not practical products.

With the cloisonné technology has been greatly improved, the shape is diverse, the decoration is varied, and the price is relatively easy to accept, so it has become the best gift for us to communicate with international friends and relatives and friends.

However, contemporary people's understanding of cloisonne craft paintings is still in books, and there are few people who have really appreciated cloisonne works.

Cloisonné is made of copper, pinched into various patterns with thin gold wire or copper wire, filled with enamel glaze, the shape is dignified and heavy, the color contrast is distinct, and the color glaze is as deep as a jewel. The magnificent appearance shows the peaceful, rich and elegant temperament of cloisonné, so it is deeply loved by the royal nobles.

Especially during the Qing Dynasty, the production of cloisonné reached its peak. In the early years of Kangxi, the Qing court set up "enamel work" in the manufacturing office attached to the Wuying Hall to manufacture special court utensils. At this time, the products not only inherited the luxurious, classical and elegant national style of cloisonne in the Ming Dynasty, but also the gold-plating technology was more developed, and the surface of the utensils was decorated with precious stones, the gilding was heavy and bright, and the gems were brilliant and dazzling, and the two complemented each other, fully demonstrating the royal wealth and magnificence and the artistic effect of gold and brilliance.

As a court art, cloisonné is a noble decorative art in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and a symbol of royal power and status. In addition, the production process is very complex, not only the use of bronze technology, but also the absorption of porcelain technology, while a large number of traditional painting and carving skills are introduced, is a set of metallurgy, casting, painting, kiln, carving, chisel, hammer and other crafts as one of the composite process, can be called the collection of Chinese traditional crafts, so since ancient times there is "a cloisonne, ten boxes of official kiln" said.

Cloisonné was born in the imperial palace, is an important part of the royal family, is the main furnishings of the palace hall, and is also the treasure of the town hall. The Forbidden City's Jinluan Treasure Palace, or the Guozijian Piyong Palace, the Summer Palace, and the Paiyun Palace...... In these palaces of imperial reverence, the jewel-like light of cloisonné is always admirable.

Qianlong Chinese New Year's Eve Chinese New Year's Eve 44 years of rice, only Emperor Qianlong's tableware is cloisonne, and all the porcelain is used underneath... It can be seen what position cloisonné plays in Chinese history, and she is a symbol of identity and status.

The cloisonné artwork of the old days was reserved for the nobles of the palace and was a symbol of power and status.

Unlike jade, which has been made by the court and by the people, and porcelain has been made by officials and people, cloisonne has never left the palace since the moment it was born, and has become the only emperor-level luxury product in Chinese history that has been inherited for more than 600 years and has pure royal blood.

The production of modern cloisonné has advanced with the development of science and technology while inheriting classical craftsmanship. The famous writer Ye Shengtao once wrote a special article to carefully describe its production process.

Cloisonné is made of ductile copper tires, and the copper sheets are beaten and welded on the anvil to finally make the desired fetal shape. According to the design pattern, the production workers use flat copper wire dipped in extremely thick baiji slurry and paste it on the surface of the copper tire, like a paintbrush to draw various pictures such as landscapes, flowers and birds, and people.

Because the white slurry is not fire-resistant, the copper wire also needs to be welded, and the copper wire is firmly welded on the copper tire to complete the cloisonné. After the carcass of the silk is pinched, after welding, pickling, flattening and normal wire, it will enter the process of dotting blue and burning blue. In the early days, cloisonné enamels were mostly blue, hence the name cloisonné, and in modern times, they have developed into a variety of colors.

The blue workers will fill the color glaze formed by borax, saltpeter and alkali to the gap formed by the copper wire, after 800 degrees of high temperature fire, after cooling, fill the color glaze again, repeat three to four times, until the color glaze and the filigree are flat.

The uneven blue glaze is smoothed with coarse sandstone, yellowstone and charcoal respectively, so that the surface of the finished product is smooth and splendid, and then the metal parts are plated with gold, and after washing and drying, a colorful and dazzling cloisonne stands out.

After 600 years of development, Taihefang cloisonne has become the quintessence of China and has been included in the national intangible cultural heritage. As an endangered intangible cultural heritage, the number of creative workers is gradually declining, and the works are becoming more and more precious.

The rich and luxurious royal temperament, the unique charm of the production process and the potential collection value have made the price of cloisonné rise all the way, and it has become a masterpiece sought after by upper-class celebrities and collectors.

The difference between the collectible old goods of Beijing cloisonné bracelets and the new goods of Beijing regular factory:

1) The old goods are handmade; The new goods are semi-handmade, and the carcasses are mass-produced by machines.

2) The copper tire of the old goods is purple (red) copper; The quality of the new copper is not too good and is relatively soft.

3) The old goods are authentic enamel powder firing, and the color is generally dark; The glaze of the new product is more colorful with other dyes and other colors

4) There are more trachomera in old Thai blue; New trachoma has less or no trachoma

5) The old goods have an indescribable charm; New products are generally made in style and godless, but young people like it

6) The old goods are gilded with real gold; The new goods are gold-plated for alloy (the new goods in Beijing are alloy-plated; Hebei's goods are plated)

7) The amount of old goods without abrasives is generally less; New products are generally mass-produced with open molds

8) Old goods will be more or less worn; The new goods are almost free of wear

In general: the old goods are produced by hand in strict accordance with the cloisonne process, which really reflects the traditional handicraft and wisdom of the ancients, and is suitable for people who collect and appreciate cloisonne; But for those who pursue beauty and like to be colorful or send young friends, the shopkeeper suggests that you can consider this new product, which makes full use of science and technology, so that its appearance has been greatly improved, so there are almost no traces of sand hole and firing.