Why did the security guards start making knives? There is also a moving legend.

Legend has it that one year in the place where the security guards lived, a devil suddenly appeared, and every once in a while he went down the mountain to the village to plunder the girl. The brave and kind blacksmith Hakmu, in order to destroy the devil, went to fight the devil with a steel sword, but he couldn't hurt the devil.

Just when Hakmu was at a loss, an old man gave him a dream and said: "Child, there is a waist knife called "Boriji" that can subdue the devil, there is a heavenly pond on the opposite mountain, and there is an old tree on the west side of the heavenly pond, you can make a waist knife according to the leaves of this tree, and remember to chisel the pattern of leaves on the surface of the knife, so that the knife can destroy the devil."

Hakmu followed the words of the old man to carefully make the "Bo Riji" waist knife, killed the devil, rescued many girls, and from then on, the people of the Baoan tribe also began to make knives. "Bozhiji" is the appearance of the earliest security knife.

Legends are always romantic, but according to the research of historians, the reason why the Baoan clan is famous for making knives is also forced by circumstances. Although the ancestors of the Baoan people were craftsmen of the Semu people in Central Asia, after settling in Qinghai, they also took farming as their business and were a typical farming people.

However, since 1865, when the Baoan people moved to the Dahejia area, the gap between the rich and the poor within the Baoan people has changed significantly. The increasing concentration of land on which most of the Baoan people depended was in the hands of a few, with the result that a large number of landless Baoan farmers were forced to make a living and enter the handicraft industry to make knives or subsidize their families.

The earliest swordsmiths were despised and called "begging craftsmen". But it is under the pressure of this survival and public opinion that the knife craftsmen of the security clan strive for excellence, and finally with their efforts, the security knife has become the "business card" of a nation.

Many security knives have a "hand-in-command" pattern on them, and when it comes to the origin of this pattern, it is also related to a period of past events in the Republic of China. During the Republic of China, the Dahejia area was under the rule of the Republic of China warlord Ma Bufang, and the politics were dark and the people were struggling to make a living.

At this time, in order to curry favor with Ma Bufang, the local corrupt officials forced a well-known local security knife maker to build 100 high-quality security knives within a month, otherwise he would cut off one of his hands. The swordsmith refused, and in the end, the corrupt officials who became angry cut off one of the swordsmith's hands.

In order to commemorate this upright craftsman, the local knifesmith began to carve the "hand" pattern with five fingers together on the knife, which became the unified export logo of the security knife after liberation.

Like other famous Chinese knives, there is not only one type of security knife, but there are various forms. Among them, in addition to the aforementioned "Bori Season", there are also "assorted brocade", "horse head knife" and "fish knife" and other forms.

The whole body shape of the knife is rectangular, the ratio between the blade and the handle is 1.33:1, the length of the handle and the blade is similar, the width of the handle is less than 30mm, it is oval, easy to grasp, and its overall proportion is convenient for using large pieces of meat during meals, cutting meat and removing bones.

"Assorted brocade" belongs to the square-headed straight knife, which is characterized by a straight knife and an abrupt twist of the blade, forming a triangular tip and a strong cutting surface, which appears straight and powerful. Its name "assorted brocade" is another name for gladiolus flowers, and the leaves are like long swords, implying love, longevity, Kangning, and Fulu. The handle of the knife is made of silver, copper, stone, beads, horns and other ten things, which is dazzling.

These two knives belong to the traditional security knives, which are characterized by a straight handle, neither a handguard nor a blade. The "fish knife" is an improved version of a folding knife from India, and the improved security fish knife draws on the small size of the Indian fish knife and the toughness of the security knife, which is very practical.

"Horse head knife" is a kind of simple style, low price, light use, cutting, cutting, scraping, cutting is very good knife, won the popularity of the people in the pastoral area.

The reason why the security knife is strong and sharp is mainly because there is a special process when it is built. The name of this process is called "steeling", and the specific method is to make a hole in the middle of the knife blank when forging the knife blank, stuff the steel sheet into it, and then forge it repeatedly.

In this way, the final security knife belongs to the steel-clad knife, the blade part is hard and sharp steel, and the part wrapped around the blade is the toughness of steel, so the knife is not only sharp but also tough and durable.

The fine product in the security knife is called "folding knife", its main feature is that the production of the knife body is more complicated, in the "steeling" process, not only add a piece of steel, but a total of 40 pieces of steel before and after, and 40 pieces of iron are combined and forged, and then the blank is placed into the furnace to be calcined, the two ends are clamped with fire tongs, like twisting twist first right and then left twisting, so that the firing is screwed once once, reaching 8 turns of right twisting, 7 turns of left twisting, and finally the knife made is not only tough and sharp, but also has complex patterns on the knife surface.

In the past, it took a knifesmith about a year to make, but with the development of modern technology, it can be made in about a month.

Although with the development of the times, there are fewer and fewer security people engaged in the creation of security knives, but there is still no shortage of security knife craftsmen who continue to inherit this solidified history. Among them, there is the epitome of the indomitable struggle of the Baoan people, and there are also corrupt officials, local tyrants and shoddy gentry who make the Baoan people shed blood and tears.

The security waist knife is the traditional handicraft of the Baoan ethnic minority in Gansu, which can be called the main artery of the Baoan culture. The Baoan waist knife is a traditional handicraft product of the Baoan people, which is mainly produced in Dahejia Town, Liuji Township and surrounding areas of Dongxiang Salar Autonomous County, Jishishan Baoan Mountain, Gansu Province. For a long time, the waist knife forging technique of the Baoan clan has been an important means to maintain the survival of the entire Baoan clan, and it is also the lifeblood of the economic and cultural life of the Baoan clan.

The Baoan people live in Dahejia, Jishishan County, Linxia, Gansu Province. It has a population of more than 11,000 people and believes in religion. The water and grass here are fertile, the forests are lush, and the springs are murmuring. It is said to be the source of Dayu's water control. The Baoan waist knife is a traditional handicraft product of the Baoan people, which is mainly produced in Dahejia Town, Liuji Township and surrounding areas of Dongxiang Salar Autonomous County, Jishishan Baoan Mountain, Gansu Province.

For a long time, the waist knife forging technique of the Baoan clan has been an important means to maintain the survival of the entire Baoan clan, and it is also the lifeblood of the economic and cultural life of the Baoan clan. The security waist knife is as famous as the Tibetan knife and the Mongolian knife. The security waist knife has a beautiful shape, bright lines, exquisite decoration and exquisite craftsmanship. It is not only a household utensil, but also a chic ornament and a great gift for relatives and friends. Therefore, it is very popular with the people of all ethnic groups in the northwest and is also quite famous in Arab countries.

The history of security guards making waist knives is long, and the emergence of security waist knives is closely related to the military activities of the Yuan Dynasty. In 1227, when Genghis Khan went on his expedition to the east, he left some of the officers and craftsmen from Central Asia in the Tongren area of Qinghai.

This part of the Semu people lived next to each other with the local Mongolian, Han, Hui, Tibetan, Tu and other ethnic groups, and gradually formed a security nation. After settling in Baocheng, many of them were engaged in handicraft production, and blacksmiths, goldsmiths, carpenters, shoemakers, and other trades appeared.

At that time, blacksmiths mainly made earthen guns, bows and arrows, etc., and the same iron-smelting technology gave them strong skills in knife making. After the Baoan people migrated to Dahejia, affected by the living conditions, the waist knives they made themselves had the nature of commodities while being used for self-defense, so the Baoan people began to exchange the waist knives for the herdsmen's cattle, sheep and other daily necessities. Since then, the security clan waist knife and economic development are closely linked.

There are many kinds of security waist knives, each with its own characteristics, the more famous waist knives are: "Assorted brocade", "Assorted brocade double knife", "Yawangqi", "Bo Riji", "one knife line", "double fall", "full handle", "flat sheath", "Mongolian knife", "Kazakh knife", "fish knife" and so on. The specifications are mostly 5 inches, 7 inches, and 10 inches.

On the knife surface, various patterns such as hands, dragons, and plum blossoms are engraved. Among them, the most beautiful is the "assorted assortment". This kind of waist knife has a beautiful shape, bright lines, exquisite decoration and exquisite craftsmanship. The handles are inlaid with assorted brocade, and the patterns are coordinated and gorgeous. Golden, emerald green, azure, black, silvery, pink......

Colorful and sandwiched with plum blossoms. The silver-white scabbard, wrapped with three jujube-red copper hoops, is particularly dazzling. There is a small hole at the top of the scabbard, and a unique copper ring is hung. Drawing the knife out of its sheath, the blade is shining, and the cold light is pressing.

Brush, brush, brush a few times, you can sharpen the iron rod to sparkle and splash iron filings. And the edge of the knife is not lacking, the blade is not rolled, and it is still extremely sharp, which is probably what the ancients said "sharpening iron like clay"!

There is another feature of the security waist knife, if you try the blade, you can cut off a few hairs from the head, put one of the hairs horizontally on the blade, as long as you blow gently, the hair will be broken immediately; Then blow the second and third ...... Each one is broken in two instants. This kind of waist knife can also be used as slaughtering animals and tableware, cutting mutton, which is more convenient and hygienic.

The security guard's waist knife is extremely sharp. Sharpen iron, the knife edge is not missing, and the blade is not rolled. To cut hair, just put the hair on the edge of the knife and blow it lightly with your mouth, and the hair will break immediately. The traditional production process is very complex, with more than 80 processes and 30-40 processes. Generally, the selected iron is forged repeatedly, then split and steeled, and finally quenched. Among them, the addition of steel during billet making and quenching after smelting are very important, and the right treatment can ensure the rigidity and toughness of the tool.

Only to make the handle of the knife, it is necessary to process different materials such as brass sheets, red copper wires, white iron wires, horns, plastics, etc., and then rivet them into clever superimposed glue, carve and paint all kinds of lifelike exquisite patterns, polish and polish them, and suddenly give birth to colorful and dazzling eyes.

The knife surface is engraved with seven stars, five plums, a dragon, a hand and other patterns, and the decoration is fine; The handle is made of red, brass sheets, aluminum sheets, horns and other materials stacked and riveted, and the color is bright after polishing, like colorful brocade; The scabbard is mostly made of iron and copper hoops, with inserted steel tweezers, which not only adds to the beauty of the scabbard, but also prevents the knife body from slipping out of the sheath.

The Baoan waist knife is a traditional handicraft that has been handed down from generation to generation in the history of the Baoan people, and it is also a national cultural treasure forged by the people of the Baoan people after hundreds of years with their own ingenuity and hard work.

The history of the security people making waist knives can be traced back to the Yuan Dynasty at the earliest, the security guards after seven or eight hundred years of rich experience in making security waist knives, formed a set of unique production processes, especially from the settlement in the Dahe family, the security people with diligence and wisdom, in the arduous knife career, from the traditional knife skills on the basis, continue to absorb advanced technology, improve the tempering technology, the formation of unique national characteristics of the handicrafts, with exquisite craftsmanship, beautiful style, sharp blade and loved by people.

The security waist knife is the same as the well-known Tibetan knife and Mongolian knife, which is not only a living utensil, but also an ornament. Of course, it is also the first choice gift for VIPs and friends. As the original national culture of the Baoan people, the security waist knife is popular in the northwest with its beautiful shape, bright lines and exquisite decoration, and is even quite famous in some Arab countries. Because the security waist knife is not only a part of the traditional craft of the Baoan clan, he is also a part of the blood and soul of the Baoan people.

Ye Sali Hai, Baoan family, in 1973, the remaining Ganhetan Village, Dahejia Town, Jishishan County, Gansu Province, the family has been making security waist knives for generations, and the founder of the uncle Ye Shaanjia Bao is the founder of the fish knife, and his father Ye Gubai is a well-known knife-making expert in the Baoan area, and in 2007, he was recognized as a representative work of national intangible cultural heritage - "Baoan clan to forge skills" inheritor.

Ye Sali Hai has been in and out of the waist knife workshop at home since he was a child, and he has been deeply exposed to the essentials of the production of security waist knives. At the age of 16, he was able to complete all the processes independently, and was good at making horse head knives, Bori Ji, Yawuqi and other varieties, especially the fish knives taught by the family. At present, Ye Sali Hai is the leading fish knife making expert, he has always insisted on making fish knives by hand, the fish knives made are exquisite, beautiful, durable, and enjoy a high reputation in the Baoan area.

To make a traditional security waist knife, it is necessary to go through more than 40 processes such as material selection, melting, forging, steeling, quenching, engraving, cutting, drilling, shaping, custom pattern, grinding and polishing, and some knives even have more than 80 processes. Due to the increasingly sophisticated and diversified technology in steel quenching, knife body modification, etc., the varieties of security waist knives have also been continuously multiplied, and there have been ten kinds of brocade, Bo Riji, Yawuqi, Shuangluo, full handle, abacus knife, folding knife, fish knife, watermelon head, horse head knife and other characteristic categories.

Only to make a knife handle, it is necessary to process different materials such as brass sheets, red copper wires, white iron wires, horns, plastics, etc., and then rivet them into clever superimposed glue, carved and painted with all kinds of lifelike exquisite patterns, polished and polished, and suddenly colorful and dazzling.

The knife surface is engraved with seven stars, five plums, a dragon, a hand and other patterns, the decoration is fine, the handle is made of red, brass sheet and aluminum sheet, horn and other materials stacked and riveted, the color is gorgeous after polishing, like a colorful brocade, the scabbard is mostly an iron sheath copper hoop, with a copper tweezer inserted, which adds the beauty of the scabbard style, and can prevent the knife body from slipping out of the sheath.

Every security guard has a blacksmith, and each blacksmith has his own specific knife face pattern, some of which is the symbol of a certain blacksmith, and some of which contain a beautiful legend or record a tragic story.

The security waist knife is cast with the wisdom and talent of the people of the Baoan people, and the history of the formation and development of the Baoan people is a real reflection of the cultural traditions, national spirit and cultural style of the Baoan people, and contains the unique spiritual pursuit, values, ways of thinking, imagination and creativity of the people of the Baoan people, and is a cultural symbol of the Baoan people, an important part of traditional Chinese culture, and an excellent representative of the intangible cultural heritage of China and even the world.

The world-renowned security waist knife used to be a kind of civilization totem and symbol of the Baoan people, which allowed the cultural inheritance history of the Baoan people to go through a difficult and halo journey in the vast national folk culture. However, today, when the market economy has become a historical trend and the strongest voice of the times, the security waist knife is facing a worrying embarrassment.

On June 10, 2006, on the eve of the World Cultural Heritage Protection Day, the forging technique of the security waist knife, which is the most representative of the security family, was included in the first batch of intangible cultural heritage protection lists in the country. From the perspective of cultural inheritance and preservation, this is a rare opportunity. However, the reporter found in the interview that the protection status of the security waist knife is not very optimistic.

The emergence and development of the security waist knife has always been accompanied by the development history of the security clan, reflecting the industrious wisdom and aesthetic consciousness of the security clan. As a unique national traditional handicraft, the security waist knife is well-known at home and abroad for its exquisite manufacturing technology, rich and peculiar cultural connotation, perfect and exquisite shape, durable, high quality and low price, and is as famous as the Ingisa knife in Xinjiang and the Achang knife in Yunnan.

Ma Shaoqing, director of the Gansu Provincial Department of Culture, is not only an authentic Baoan clan, but also a dedicated researcher on the origin of the Baoan clan. He said that there are different opinions in academic circles about the origin of the Baoan clan.

One is the predominantly Mongol version, the other is the Hui predominantly saying, and the third is the predominantly Semu people. The support of the third point of view is that the Baoan people have long-term contacts with the Hui, Tibetan, Mongolian, Turkish and other ethnic groups with the belief in the religion, and they are naturally integrated.

Ma Shaoqing agrees with this view, believing that this view is more credible, respects the wishes of the nation, and is consistent with various historical legends, linguistic characteristics, ethnic characteristics, and living customs.

The issue of the origin of the Baoan clan may still be a topic of research and discussion in the future, but perhaps it is such a complex and changing historical trajectory that makes the Baoan waist knife covered with a layer of mystery about the survival and development of the nation.

The security waist knife has a history of more than 150 years, and for a long time, the people of the Baoan nationality have created a splendid waist knife culture with their own unique iron-smelting technology. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to make a living, most of the men of the Baoan ethnic group were engaged in side jobs, and the iron-smelting handicraft industry was one of their main projects.

According to an elderly old craftsman of the Baoan clan in Dahejia Town, there were more than 100 households in Gaozhao Lijia Village at that time, of which blacksmiths accounted for about half of the village's population, some families had two blacksmiths, and even a family was engaged in iron-smelting handicraft industry for several generations. By 1949, almost all the men in Lijia Village in Gaozhao were blacksmiths.

He said that most of the teaching of iron-smelting technology was passed down from father to son, and only skilled craftsmen accepted apprentices. Most of the craftsmen who smelt iron cultivate for half a year, strike iron for half a year, work in agriculture when the farm is busy, and strike iron when the farm is not working. Only a few people are completely disengaged from agricultural production.

Perhaps it was under the influence and stimulation of such a unique and national cultural connotation that in 1957, the local government at that time organized the scattered knife craftsmen, established a knife factory in Dahejia Town, and began to produce security waist knives in batches.

Subsequently, with the continuous expansion of the production scale of security waist knives, the products gradually sold well in Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Sichuan, Tibet, Inner Mongolia, Yunnan and other places, and some were also exported to Hong Kong and Macao, Japan, India, Saudi Arabia, Nepal and Western European countries.

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