Chapter 80: Filigree Inlay (5)
In the 2006 film "The City is Full of Golden Armor", the gold armor worn by Chow Yun-fat and Jay Chou and Gong Li's headdress were made by Zhao Chunming with filigree inlay technology.
In 2005, Zhu Yuguang, Feng Guosheng and others, who were known as the senior arts and crafts artists of the modern Jiupin technicians, successfully copied the Qing Dynasty Qianlong's "Gold Inlaid Treasure Golden Ou Yonggu" cup, and the essence of its craftsmanship was affirmed by Cao Jinglou, who was then the director of the Department of Cultural Conservation Science and Technology of the Palace Museum, and decided to display it in the Palace Museum.
In September of the same year, when the "Golden Ou Yonggu" cup made by artists was presented in front of people in the Shufangzhai of the Forbidden City in Beijing, it immediately attracted everyone's attention, and people were all admiring its exquisiteness and exquisite craftsmanship revealed from it.
Filigree inlay, also known as fine gold craft, is a traditional handicraft of the Han nationality that has been inherited for a long time, mainly used in the production of royal ornaments, and is a combination of the two production skills of "filigree" and "inlay".
The filigree is made of gold, silver and copper as raw materials, and traditional techniques such as pinching, filling, saving, welding, weaving and stacking are adopted; Inlaid with frustration, mosque, hammering, stuffing, beating, collapse, squeezing, inlay and other techniques, the metal sheet is made into a support and claw-shaped groove, and then inlaid with pearls and gemstones.
A delicate filigree inlay handicrafts, often a combination of a variety of processes, the production process is more complex, first to make a tire type, apply filigree, rhenium, chisel and other processes, and then through welding, made into semi-finished products, and then after pickling, blue (coated with glaze), gold or silver plating, pressurization, inlaid gemstones, etc.
Filigree was founded in the Han Dynasty and has a history of more than 2,000 years, but in the early days, most of them were used for Buddha statues or royal crowns, which were more than graceful and less ingenious. In the Ming Dynasty, the whole country advocated handicraft, the pursuit of kit kat, filigree craft has also achieved an unprecedented breakthrough, and cloisonné, ivory carving, palace embroidery, etc.
"Gold mining for silk, wonderful hand knotting, inlaid jade emerald, is a must" is said to be filigree skills, and Western jewelry advocates simplicity and generosity, the oriental filigree inlay technology is more focused on a kind of finely carved beauty, is the perfect embodiment of the delicate and delicate Oriental people.
In the Qing Dynasty, gem resources were gradually depleted, and the location of gemstones was replaced by dotted emerald and burnt blue. The ruling class of the Qing Dynasty revered Tibetan Buddhism, and the subject matter of the artifacts was broader than that of the Ming Dynasty, and the religious overtones were also distinctly stronger.
For more than 2,000 years, the filigree inlay process has been used by the royal court, extremely soft, extremely ingenious, and challenging the limits of craftsmanship in the ever-changing! Noble and gorgeous, the palace is retro, and the exquisite myth is achieved under the exquisite carving! The art of gold and fire ignites the rhythm of life. Across sculptural curves, static forces burst into unparalleled visual tension.
Nowadays, the filigree inlay technology only exists in Beijing and Chengdu, and especially the filigree inlay process in Beijing is the most complete, and the Beijing filigree inlay concentrates on the characteristics of the Chinese court filigree inlay technology.
The first category of filigree inlaid products is jewelry, including bracelets, necklaces, earrings, brooches, pendants, cufflinks, tie cards, collar flowers, etc.
The second category is display crystals, mainly interior decoration items, such as small hanging screens, vases, furnaces, smokers, buildings, animal shapes, etc.
The third category is the practical category, which is dominated by small and medium-sized products, such as flat mirrors, cigarette boxes, ashtrays, powder boxes, sugar cans, pill boxes, lamp stands, wine utensils, cover bowls, toothpick boxes, knives, etc.
In June 8, the filigree inlay production technology was included in the list of national intangible cultural heritage, its skills are exquisite, the shape is beautiful, there are many varieties, with obvious Chinese characteristics and national style, embodying the wisdom and wisdom of the Han nationality.
Filigree inlay, also known as fine gold craftsmanship, is a traditional Chinese handicraft that has been passed down for a long time, mainly used in the production of royal jewelry. It is a combination of the two production techniques of "filigree" and "inlay".
The graceful filigree inlay represents the pinnacle of precious metal craftsmanship, which is so complex and expensive that in ancient times only the aristocracy could use it.
This is a helpless thing for the development of the times, just as Peking Opera was popular a hundred years ago, and today popular songs are popular, an era has an era of aesthetics, and an era of aesthetics cultivates the craftsmanship of an era.
Filigree inlay, such a beautiful but disappearing craft, is braided and inlaid with hair-like gold wires, which is extremely luxurious and beautiful.
For more than 2,000 years, the filigree inlay process has been used by the royal court, extremely soft, extremely ingenious, and challenging the limits of craftsmanship in the ever-changing. Noble and gorgeous, the court is retro, and the exquisite myth is achieved under the exquisite carving.
Filigree inlay technology has a prototype as early as the Spring and Autumn Period, the gold and silver mistakes of the Warring States Period, the gold and silver flat off of the Tang Dynasty is its predecessor, and it is now in the Tang Dynasty of the Chinese History Museum in Beijing.
The Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties formed the largest filigree production center in Beijing. The Ming Dynasty reached a high level of art, and the Qing Dynasty had a greater development, and famous products continued to emerge, many of which became court tributes.
Filigree inlay includes two processes: "filigree" and "inlay": "filigree" is made of gold and silver as raw materials, drawn into silk, and braided into shape; "Inlay" is to hammer gold and silver flakes into shape, and insert pearls and gemstones into them to make ornaments.
A delicate filigree inlay handicrafts, often a combination of a variety of processes, the production process is more complex, first to make a tire type, apply filigree, rhenium, chisel and other processes, and then through welding, made into semi-finished products, and then after pickling, blue (coated with glaze), gold or silver plating, pressurization, inlaid gemstones, etc.
Countless uncertainties make filigree inlay a living craft, and it is this uncertainty that makes this craft an art.
Rather than falling for the myth of gold and silver worship, we should refocus our attention on the ability to bring gold and silver to its knees, which make the valuable more valuable and the beautiful more beautiful. They cannot be measured in grams and carats, but they are more precious than gold and jewelry.
Filigree inlay is the most refined in Beijing. Beijing is the imperial capital of the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the metalworking craftsmen at home and abroad are concentrated, the emperor's harem women need a large number of ornaments, and they are extremely extravagant, so in the old Beijing's Dashilar, the flower market and the four archways in the east and west, there are more than 100 gold shops and silver buildings, producing this filigree inlay.
One is a practical product, called "piece work"
There are hand mirrors, flower arrangements and a variety of boxes, bottles, jars, etc., the shape is small and exquisite; The same species has different shapes, which can be made into flowers, goldfish, mandarin ducks, swans and other shapes. The main body becomes a container, and the shape is decorated or deformed, such as the head and wings of a swan, composed of filigree, and inlaid with jeweled crowns, eyes, etc.
The second is the furnishings, the name of "ornaments".
Filigree inlaid ornaments are broadly divided into four traditional categories: furnaces, animals, buildings and people. For example, the pagoda in the building class, the whole body is made of filigree base, the top of the tower is made of precious stones, the plaque is made of ivory, the bell is gilded with copper, and the base is made of filigree covered ink jade as a brick.
The delicate craftsmanship of filigree craftsmen is evident everywhere. Filigree inlay into the 21st century has had greater innovations, such as the combination of gold, K gold, silver, and jade, which is more splendid and gorgeous, and also shows more ingenuity of conception.
Filigree inlay can be divided into two categories, i.e., filigree inlay and inlay.
Filigree is made of a variety of different patterns with silver wire on the square inch ornament, and the filigree process crystal is made of different types of gold, silver or copper wire, after processing.
The inlay is to inlay the jewelry, diamonds, fine stones and jade on the gold and silver jewelry, and then combine the gold and silver, crystal, white jade and colored glass together, and inlay them on the hooks, pots, bottles, lamps, axles and other utensils.
The first category of filigree inlaid products is jewelry, including bracelets, necklaces, earrings, brooches, pendants, cufflinks, tie cards, collar flowers, etc.
The second category is display crystals, mainly interior decoration items, such as small hanging screens, vases, furnaces, smokers, buildings, animal shapes, etc.
Filigree inlay, also known as fine gold craftsmanship, is a traditional Chinese handicraft that has been passed down for a long time, mainly used in the production of royal jewelry. It is a combination of the two production techniques of "filigree" and "inlay".
In order to get the favor of that person, these women who tore each other worked their clothes. At that time, filigree inlay, this pinnacle of craftsmanship was popular all over the Forbidden City. It satisfies the royal flamboyance of luxury, the ostentatious display of wealth and the display of authority.
Filigree inlay is a kind of exquisite craftsmanship, so where is his "absolute"?
This traditional court art is a combination of two production techniques: "filigree" and "inlay". The filigree process is summarized in eight words: pinching, filling, stacking, blocking, weaving, weaving, saving, and welding. The embedding is also summarized in eight words: frustration, frustration, hammering, stuffing, beating, collapse, squeezing, and inlay. A total of 16 crafts, the combination of Taoism can produce a beautiful handicraft. The process is complicated and time-consuming.
For more than 2,000 years, filigree inlay has been used by the royal court, challenging the limits of craftsmanship in the ever-changing, and achieving the myth of perfection under exquisite carving.
In September 1956, Dingling unearthed a "golden silk dragon wing good crown". 518 0.2 mm fine gold threads weave the pattern of "lantern hollow", and this crown is as thin as light gauze, and it is exquisite. This is the highest filigree inlay technique in the Ming Dynasty, and the beloved object of the Wanli Emperor during his lifetime was only used when attending grand ceremonies.
Such an intricate pattern, due to the exquisite craftsmanship, is difficult to find the knot, and the whole crown is natural. It is no wonder that the Wanli Emperor regarded it as a treasure until his death. Even if you are buried, you should bring it into the mausoleum, put it in a round wooden box, and place it on the north side of your head.
In the last century, due to constant wars and social turmoil, filigree jewelry artists lost their jobs, changed careers, and struggled in poverty. The famous "filigree king" Zhang Juwu starved to death on the way back to his hometown, and the filigree craft was once in a desperate situation.
In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, "Beijing Filigree Production Cooperative" and "Beijing Filigree Inlay Factory" were established to promote development. However, due to the difficulty of process production and the long training cycle of talents, it has caused problems such as the lack of successors of skilled craftsmen and the serious aging of the population. The art of filigree inlay is on the verge of being lost.
Today, in order to respect the exquisite craftsmanship of 2,000 years of history, Chinese craftsmanship is inherited. Art Dictionary and "Chinese Time-honored Brand" - Moulong launched the "Wonderful Hands" filigree inlay special session. At the same time, it also injects modern elements into ancient craftsmanship, so that ancient techniques shine in new designs
Filigree inlay, also known as fine gold craft, is a traditional handicraft of the Han nationality with a long history, and is one of the "Eight Uniques of Yanjing" (cloisonné, jade carving, ivory carving, carved lacquer, gold lacquer inlay, palace carpet, Beijing embroidery). As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was a filigree inlay, this craft of the Tang Dynasty was called gold and silver flat off, and the representative works had "feather people flying phoenix flower and bird pattern gold and silver flat paint off the back copper mirror".
This golden silk dragon wing crown is the golden crown of the Wanli Emperor of the Ming Dynasty, in fact, the preciousness of the golden silk wing crown is not its gold content, but its craftsmanship is breathtaking. Each strand of the crown is as thin as a human hair, measuring only 0.2 mm. The gap of the pattern is also uniform, and the whole is integrated, and there is no trace of cohesion.
Filigree is a handicraft made of gold, silver, etc., using techniques such as pinching, filling, and saving, and the artwork made by filigree inlay technology has always been a symbol of royal luxury.
The whole process of filigree inlay is very complicated. First of all, it is necessary to make tires in order to shape, and then use the method of stacking, base, weaving and weaving to shape the filigree, weld it, and burn it blue or gold-plated silver after pickling to brighten. Any "inlaid treasure" and "dotted cui" are all handmade. Each process must be operated by a special person, and the craftsman will check it, and a product will take a lot of energy and time to complete.
Filigree inlays are used for two purposes:
One is a practical product, called "piece work": there are hand mirrors, flower arrangements and a variety of boxes, bottles, cylinders, etc., the shape is small and exquisite; The same species has different shapes, which can be made into flowers, goldfish, mandarin ducks, swans and other shapes. The main body becomes a container, and the shape is decorated or deformed, such as the head and wings of a swan, composed of filigree, and inlaid with jeweled crowns, eyes, etc.
The second is the furnishings, the name of "ornaments". Filigree inlaid ornaments are broadly divided into four traditional categories: furnaces, animals, buildings and people. For example, the pagoda in the building class, the whole body is made of filigree base, the top of the tower is made of precious stones, the plaque is made of ivory, the bell is gilded with copper, and the base is made of filigree covered ink jade as a brick.
The delicate craftsmanship of filigree craftsmen is evident everywhere. Filigree inlay into the 21st century has had greater innovations, such as the combination of gold, K gold, silver, and jade, which is more splendid and gorgeous, and also shows more ingenuity of conception.
In 2008, the filigree inlay production skills were included in the national intangible cultural heritage list, but it is still facing the situation of no heirs, the country will have less than 100 people who will be filigree inlay skills, and most of them are elderly people, they stick to a persistence and perseverance, so that this ancient craft across the millennium can continue, so that more people know China's filigree inlay, know China's exquisite craftsmanship, this is called the inheritance thanks to this group of persistent craftsmen.
Filigree craft, also known as fine gold craft, is made by drawing gold, silver, copper, etc. into filaments and stacking and weaving techniques.
Filigree craft, also known as fine gold craft, is made by drawing gold, silver, copper, etc. into filaments and stacking and weaving techniques. Filigree inlay materials are rare, the craftsmanship is complicated, it is the royal thing in history, and it is one of the characteristics of traditional luxury crafts in China.
Its ultimate delicate craftsmanship has dominated the commanding heights of court skills of China's feudal dynasties for more than 2,000 years. Filigree was created in the Han Dynasty, but in the early days, it was mostly used for Buddha statues or royal crowns, and it was more than graceful. In the Ming Dynasty, the whole country admired handicraft, the pursuit of kitkat, and the filigree craft also achieved an unprecedented breakthrough.
"Filigree inlay" is full of luxury. Words such as magnificence, glitter, jewelry, and magnificence are not too much to describe it, and it gives crafts and jewellery a unique aristocratic status. At the same time, it also inherits the pursuit of classical Chinese aesthetics of "doing things naturally".
Filigree inlay, thousands of years ago was the royal product, was also one of the "Yanjing Eight Uniques", loved by foreign guests, but due to the changes of the times, lost for many years, on the verge of being lost, today there are only more than 50 masters left, in order to inherit this craft and insist.
In today's increasingly fashionable jewelry, more and more people are working hard to look forward to the traditional craftsmanship to release its due brilliance again. Today, let's talk about two caring people, the filigree inlay master Cheng Shumei, and the general manager of Beijing Dafang Yuan Xinde Jewelry Store He Qing, one is the inheritor of the national intangible culture, and the other is the female boss who spares no family wealth to buy the filigree inlay works that are about to be melted into raw materials and promote this royal craft.
"Gold mining for silk, wonderful hand knotting, inlaid jade emerald, is a must", is said to be the filigree skills, and the Western jewelry advocates simplicity and generosity, the oriental filigree inlay technology is more focused on a kind of finely carved beauty, is the perfect embodiment of the delicate and delicate Oriental people.
As one of the most complicated skills in the "Yanjing Eight Uniques", only the filigree has more than a dozen different patterns such as positive and negative filigree, arch silk, twist silk, bamboo silk, rose, phoenix eye silk, auspicious silk, wheat ear silk, etc., and dozens of processes such as pinching, filling, welding, stacking, base, accumulation, and weaving of the filigree are more particular. Among them, the welding process is particularly powerful, and the filaments that are thinner than the hair are welded on the utensils to form a pattern, and the slightest mistake on the fire head will be wasted.
The most famous filigree inlay products that survive in the world today, are not the "Golden Wing Shan Crown" of the Wanli Emperor of the Ming Dynasty, the crown body of 24 centimeters high is as thin as light yarn, decorated with the pattern of dragon playing with pearls, the gold wire used is thinner than the hair of a young girl, even if it adopts the most advanced modern technology today, it is difficult to extract, and the most incredible thing is that the entire crown, there is no joint, which can be described as a real "seamless", exquisite craftsmanship, can be imagined. Take a look at the latest chapters of "Dream Claw Book House in the Great Era" and read it for free for the first time.