Although the Qingming Festival has a deep and mysterious atmosphere because of the combination of cold food customs, it is still a festival of hope, a blessing for the return of spring and a prayer for the prosperity of all things. The art of dough sculpture has rightly become the main means of this blessing and the expression of the heart. Dough sculpture makes customs a rich culture, and customs provide soil and air for the occurrence and development of dough sculpture, and finally make folk art and folk customs a cultural whole.

The formation of each folk festival has its specific meaning, which in turn has its cultural orientation and expression.

On the 15th day of the seventh month of the lunar calendar, Huo County has the largest variety of surface sculptures. There are pig's heads, sheep's heads, wheat straw sets, sewing baskets, thimbles, scissors, needlework, sitting dumplings (which is to shape a woman sitting on a lotus platform), lions, tigers, foxes and so on.

The seventh day of the seventh month of the lunar calendar is the "begging" festival, and legend has it that on this day, women eat "needles and threads", "thimbles" and other dough sculptures to make their minds skillful.

When the baby is full moon, the grandmother's family generally makes a diameter of more than a foot "囫囵", that is, a round dough ring and then placed on the fine twelve genus dough sculptures. Some of them will have a smaller "囫囵" in the big "囫囵", and the face sculpture of the dragon and phoenix or tiger head shape is placed in the middle, and the name is "dragon and phoenix Chengxiang" or "tiger to drive away evil spirits". Whoever comes to see the child will cut a piece of "囫囵" and give it to the visitor to enjoy.

In the first year of the new daughter-in-law's passing, the mother's family wants to give her daughter "lamb steamed buns". In the old society, due to poverty, it was considered a lot of dedication to sending a few "lamb" steamed buns to my daughter. Nowadays, life is rich, and there are dozens or even hundreds of "lamb steamed buns" given to my daughter at a time. Steamed buns come in a variety of shapes, and they all have meanings. For example, "cattle and sheep" symbolize the prosperity of the six animals, "wheat straw collection" symbolizes the abundant harvest of grains, and pomegranate symbolizes many sons and blessings.

Huozhou noodles are simple in shape, not much decoration and coloring, and often only red dots.

Xinzhou dough sculpture is a traditional folk art product that spreads in this region, it is deeply hidden in the folk, rooted in the folk, and has become one of the local handicrafts.

In the area around Xinzhou, it is necessary to worship the gods during the Spring Festival. Before the Spring Festival, the dough is kneaded into various shapes such as bergamot, pomegranate, lotus, peach, chrysanthemum, and horseshoe. It is commonly known as "flower bun".

Xinzhou flower buns, often with red dates in the middle, are not only decorative, but also nutritious and condiments, and are very popular. There is also a large local offering called "Zao Mountain". This kind of jujube mountain rolls red jujubes with noodles, spelled into an isosceles triangle, the corner top is often molded with a layer of ruyi-shaped patterns, and three to five "small ingots" are added to the top, and at the same time, a "money dragon" for biting copper coins is also molded. After the "Zao Mountain" is steamed, it can be dyed with color and become a kind of bright folk art.

On the Qingming Festival, a kind of noodle head called "cold food for the virtuous" is made by the locals. This kind of noodle head, filled with oil, salt, millet and sesame seeds of vegetarian filling, pinched into the head of male and female children, with red lotus beans as mouths, black lotus beans as eyes, plus noodles, noses, ears, eyebrows, etc., steamed and dyed, very innocent and lovely.

Some also make a kind of "Han Yan'er", pinch the steamed Han Yan'er, and insert it on the sour jujube branch, much like a group of swallows parked on the branch. These enshrined folk face sculptures are said to be related to the "Cold Food Festival", "cold food forbids fire, cold food for a day", and the swallow is a symbol of the arrival of spring.

On the fifteenth day of the seventh month of the lunar calendar, the folk of Xinzhou have the custom of steaming "noodle people". According to legend, this custom began at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, it is said that people use the mutual gift of "noodle people" to transmit signals, so far, the folk have "July 15 pinching people, August 15 killing tartars" saying.

However, on July 15, there are many types of dough sculptures, including cows, sheep, pigs, rabbits, cats, chickens, ducks, dolls, flowers, melons and fruits. There are also animal shapes such as mandarin ducks, peacocks, lions, tigers, and deer that contain happiness, auspiciousness, and love. After fifteen, almost every house has a string of dough sculptures hanging on the wall.

In the Xinzhou area, on the day of the wedding, both men and women steamed a lot of big "happy buns". These big "happy buns" should be placed on the table for people to enjoy and taste. At the same time, it is necessary to steam a large "flower cake", and in some places it is customary to pinch a "flower cake" with ten catties of flour.

This kind of flower cake, with the dough as a round chassis, the edge of the roll strip is the pattern, spread a layer of red dates, plus a layer of dough plate with lace that is slightly smaller than the first layer, pinch the relief of "fish drill lotus" on it, add color and dot dyeing after steaming, for people to enjoy and eat, and can also be used as a gift.

During the birthday period in Xinzhou, "happy buns" are often steamed. "Joy bun" is mostly in the shape of a peach as the main body, with a variety of small decorations that imply auspiciousness and longevity, dotted with dyeing colors, as a "longevity bun" to give to relatives and friends.

During the funeral, the locals also make a kind of "small food" dough sculpture that is offered in front of the mourning hall. This kind of dough is kneaded into a variety of flowers, fruits, small animal images, very delicate and chic, some are steamed and dyed, and some are dried and dyed.

In the Fanzhi County area of Xinzhou region, there is a kind of character face sculpture with the theme of fat dolls. At the same time, there is also a kind of delicate and small, no color, white and elegant little noodle people. This kind of small-faced person has various postures of crawling, lying, holding flowers, and gnawing melons.

Sometimes, it is also placed in the "large face flower" dyed in red and green. According to legend, this kind of dough sculpture is a special offering made by the local people for worshipping Buddha and asking for children in the Buddhist monastery of Shangwutai Mountain.

In the folk of Xinzhou, there are also character face sculptures that shape drama characters such as Sheng, Dan, Jing, Mo, and Chou, and even sell them in the market of temple fairs. This kind of dough sculpture is also quite exquisitely made.

In short, Xinzhou dough sculpture is varied, varied, colorful, and has become a folk work of art with aesthetic taste.

Jiangzhou, that is, today's Xinjiang County, is a county on the Jinnan Plain. This area has been rich in wheat historically, and has always been a wheat and cotton producing area in Shanxi Province. Therefore, during the New Year's holidays, every household here has to use the best wheat to grind flour and make a variety of dough sculptures to celebrate the festival. Because the dough sculpture here pays attention to color dot dyeing, the flowers are gorgeous, so the locals call it "flower bun".

Jiangzhou flower bun, the shape is more exaggerated, the shape is unique, especially the "beast flower bun" is the most outstanding.

In the urban and rural areas of Jiangzhou, most of the housewives will knead the flower bun, and generally will knead a variety of ordinary shapes, because it is self-use, although the level is different, it does not affect the food, over time, some housewives practice makes perfect, the kneading level of the flower bun can continue to improve.

As a result of this kind of folk activity that every household has to carry out, a large number of skilled craftsmen who make flower buns have been created, and they have been passed down from generation to generation.

Whenever there is a wedding or funeral in urban and rural areas, pinching flower buns will become an inevitable activity. Moreover, these flower buns will be displayed in front of the public, so as to get the evaluation, this kind of spontaneous mass evaluation that does not elect the champion, has undoubtedly become a driving force to promote the kneading of flower buns, and has become a folk evaluation to promote the continuous improvement of the level of dough molding.

Therefore, Jiangzhou has so far pinched the flower bun of famous hands, become a traditional folk handicraft and famous.

In short, as a kind of plastic art with strong folk vitality, dough sculpture grows and takes root in people's lives, and has become a way of expression of folk customs, which is everywhere and all the time. Whether it is an art form or a food culture, it has its own unique system and program. Among them, the modeling consciousness and method, the primitive religious consciousness and evolution, and the humanistic thought and development all have profound connotations that need to be developed urgently.

Dough sculptures can be divided into two categories according to their use functions, one is dedicated to collection, and the other is edible dough molding. The dough molds used for collection are usually made of fine flour, glutinous rice flour, salt, preservatives and sesame oil, while the dough molds used for food are made of flour and cornstarch.

There is a custom among the people of Shanxi, that is, every New Year's festival, wedding, funeral and other festive days, they must make dough sculptures to celebrate. Dough sculpture, commonly known as "noodle people", "noodle sheep", "lamb bun", "flower bun" and so on. The names vary from place to place, and the forms also have their own characteristics. Most of these dough sculptures are made by housewives in rural, township, and urban areas. Especially on the 15th day of the seventh lunar month, almost every family has to use flour to make a variety of delicate dough sculptures such as figures, animals, flowers, feathers, melons and fruits.

As far as the province is concerned, Shanxi noodles are made of high-grade white noodles as raw materials, which are kneaded, shaped, steamed, and colored. The general face is shaped, exaggerated, vivid, bright, generous, rough style, simple, concise, and full of elegant beauty. And it has distinct folk and local characteristics.

Shanxi Spring Festival noodles are simple and vigorous, simple and elegant, and are a comprehensive condensation of nature worship, religious thought, psychological consciousness and modeling language. The shape is generally neat and generalized in appearance, full and rich in content, with both geometric straight line forms, suitable patterns full of Qin and Han relics, and more concrete and unique folk modeling style of figures, animals, and plant images.

The integration of various different modeling consciousness constitutes a unique folk festival content and forms a special folk art form. Dough sculpture - folk commonly known as "noodle people", "noodle sheep", "flower bun", etc., popular in the entire Yellow River Basin, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei, Shandong have the custom of making dough sculpture, the name is different in various places, and the form has its own characteristics.

As far as the province is concerned, Shanxi is exaggerated and vivid, bright and generous in color, rough in style, simple and concise, and rich in elegant beauty, and has distinctive folk and local characteristics.

Nowadays, when you walk into the homes of rural farmers, you will often see several women busy together, holding knives, scissors, chopsticks, combs and other tools in their hands, kneading, kneading, cutting, pressing, cutting and other processes after kneading, pinching, cutting, pressing, cutting and other processes, only "swallows" with different expressions appear in front of them.

After steaming in the basket, it is then dotted, painted and colored, but I see that some of the "Feiyan'er" are light and dexterous, and some are delicate and clumsy, as if they are really alive. Inserted on the spikes of the sea buckthorn branches picked by the village children from the wild, only "Flying Swallows" are in a variety of postures and vivid, just like a picture of "Spring Swallows Disturbing Branches". This kind of farmhouse flour plastic food that can be eaten and appreciated can bring a lot of beautiful scenery to the land of Sanjin in early spring.

Shanxi noodles are varied, people not only regard pasta as the staple food of three meals a day, but also carefully use flour to shape all kinds of "noodles and flowers" to express the inner spiritual world and good wishes for life. This is the Shanxi noodle sculpture, which can be called "edible artwork". It flourished among the people and has been passed down to this day

Shanxi dough sculpture flourished in the folk and spread to the folk, and the form, use and color of the dough sculpture are closely related to local folk activities and folk customs, and are developing and changing. Most of them come from the hands of housewives, most of the housewives in urban and rural areas of Shanxi will be pinched, and generally will knead a variety of shapes, because they are self-made, although the level is different, does not affect the edible, and then continued to the city, developed to through the non-edible, anti-corrosion, anti-dry-cracking, easy to store the ratio of characteristics, with the dexterous hands of the artist, pinched out a fine, vivid, storyline, cultural connotation of pure ornamental meaning of the dough sculpture artwork.

In northern Shanxi, Mr. Liu (Fan Ba Dough Sculpture) of Datong, the capital of sculpture, watched his mother steam flower buns when he was a child, and he is still developing and producing, forming a unique production technique.

He has a unique love for Shanxi flour sculptures, "In the past, the vast majority of Shanxi folk flour sculptures were just a kind of food that had been decorated. At that time, every New Year's festival or who has something to do is the villagers help to do it together, weddings and funerals, babies full moon, the old people's birthday, all have to be made as gifts, this kind of folk activities that every household has to carry out, at that time created a large number of skilled craftsmen who made the kneading, and it has been passed down from generation to generation, and has been passed down to this day. ”

Zhenjiang in the south of the Yangtze River is known for collecting, preserving and researching folklore, and has known as "China's first library" China's first folk literature database, the city's experimental junior high school art teacher Cao Xian will combine the art of face sculpture and Chinese painting techniques to form a unique style of imitation of the national picture sculpture, and the face sculpture skills have been boldly inherited and innovated.

As far as the province is concerned, Shanxi is exaggerated and vivid, bright and generous in color, rough in style, simple and concise, and rich in elegant beauty, and has distinctive folk and local characteristics. A ball of noodles is rubbed in the hand at will, delicately carved with a small bamboo stick, and in just a few minutes, animals, flowers, characters, mascots and other various dough sculpture works jump to the fingertips.

Some of them are dragon and tiger leaping, some Tingting jade standing, lifelike, all those who see it are amazed, have a strong artistic charm, many of their works in the provincial, municipal and even national arts and crafts exhibitions awarded, some works also participated in the international exhibition sales.

These works of art made of noodles appear on the market as plastic arts, but it is only a matter of the past few years, the generations of cultural accumulation of Shanxi people and the creators have no utilitarian ideas and their enthusiasm and talent, so that it is out of the vulgar and out of the vulgar, forming a simple folk market culture, not only adding a festive atmosphere to the festival, but now it has become a unique local folk custom.

The dough products produced from the fingers, influenced by the historical development and cultivated by the northern atmosphere, are so interesting and affectionate, and gradually emerge in the market. However, with the rapid development of science and technology, mechanized production has gradually replaced handicrafts, and many folk crafts, including the art of dough molding, have less and less space in the market. As a kind of artwork, if Shanxi dough sculpture art wants to be accepted by the market and achieve good economic benefits, it is necessary to play the "innovation" card on the basis of inheritance and continue to develop.

In the 2010 Shanxi Jiexiu 3rd Qingming Cold ** Exhibition, all kinds of dough sculptures made of vegetable juice are not only colorful but also nutritious. The production of live noodles has developed into a combination of live and dead noodles, a combination of raw noodles and cooked noodles, and a variety of treatment methods of primary color and dyeing have made new breakthroughs in the shaping of noodles and colors. Pinching, cutting, cutting, rubbing, spelling, squeezing, clamping, pressing, discing, stacking, inlaying, combining, embossing, embossing, embossing, according to different subject contents, and then make appropriate adjustments and trade-offs, the exhibits are exquisite.

Shanxi has a thick history, the art of dough sculpture in this rich soil has an inexhaustible cultural theme of the three Jin Dynasty, Taiyuan noodle shop Shanxi cooking master Ni Ziliang said, Shanxi noodle sculpture in various regions have a very good mass base, love, engaged in Shanxi dough sculpture of the crowd is gradually expanding, up to the seventy years old, down to a few years old dolls are using their works, reflecting the happy life of Shanxi people today.

Shanxi noodles are famous at home and abroad, noodles and noodles have an inseparable close connection, we will also through different forms of exhibitions, tourism promotion meetings, tourist attractions or handicraft fairs, Shanxi noodles to the market, so that more people know the art of Shanxi noodles, so as to expand the influence. A miniature dough sculpture named "Blowing, Blowing, Blowing and Beating to Welcome the Bride" happily walked into the exhibition area of the Shanghai World Expo.

Originating from the pre-Qin period and forming in the Han Dynasty, Chinese festival customs are the accumulation of human beings' understanding of nature and conquest of nature. The Spring Festival is a key festival in people's understanding of the phenological calendar, so the sacrificial activities of the Spring Festival are particularly grand, and the exquisite dough sculpture comes into being with people's psychological needs and has become an important form of expression of the festival.

The main function of Shanxi folk dough sculpture during the Spring Festival is to sacrifice and pray to the heavens, earth and gods, and is the embodiment of the ideal of life in pursuit of abundant food and clothing. In terms of modeling consciousness, most of the dough sculptures of the Spring Festival are abstract, believing, and idealistic.

Worship heaven and earth called jujube mountain, sacrifice to the god of the stove called rice mountain, flower cake, the shape is larger, said to be rice noodles into a mountain, the legend of Jinnan is to commemorate the Yu water control and made. The ancestral spirit in front of a sheep is a custom of animal sacrifice to express piety. The elders send their children and grandchildren to the descendants "Qian Long" with the intention of attracting Qian Long into the house and attracting wealth and treasure,...... There are also a variety of colorful buns with flowers, which are exquisite gifts for entertaining guests visiting relatives and friends.

Shanxi noodle sculpture itself is a kind of folk art, and it is inextricably linked with local customs and human feelings. The form, use and color of these dough sculptures are closely related to local folk activities and folk customs, and are developing and changing.

In Xinjiang County and Xiangfen County in the south of Shanxi, steamed dough sculpture pays attention to dyeing, and the dough plastic products are gorgeous and chic. In the area of Huozhou, the dough sculpture does not pay attention to the decoration of color, and has the characteristics of simplicity and elegance. The dough sculpture in Xinzhou, Dingxiang and other places is mainly plastic, supplemented by coloring, and the color is intertwined with the natural color of the surface. Take a look at the latest chapters of "Dream Claw Book House in the Great Era" and read it for free for the first time.

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