Now, let's zoom out to the planet Pais Snooker, far away in the Andromeda galaxy -

This is an ancient planet that is not very beautiful, and its parent star is a yellow dwarf star similar to the Sun in terms of luminosity and temperature, and unlike the Sun, this ancient star is nearing the end of its lifespan.

For the sake of understanding, let's first explain the question about the lifetime of stars:

First of all, the Sun is a star, and the Earth is a planet that revolves around the Sun, and the current age of the Earth is about 4.55 billion years old, and the age of the Sun is about 5 billion years old.

The lifespan of a star depends on its mass, and the greater the mass, the shorter the lifespan; The smaller the mass, the longer the life.

A star with a mass like the Sun (1.9891*10^30 kg, accounting for 99.86% of the total mass of all planets in the solar system) has a lifetime of about 10 billion years, in other words, our Sun is in "middle age" and has about 5 billion years of life left.

And if a star with a mass of one-tenth of the Sun can live tens of billions of years.

If a star is 7 times more massive than the Sun, it will only have a lifespan of about a few hundred million years.

If the mass is large, the lifespan may only be tens of millions or even millions of years.

As for the lifetime of the planets, they are theoretically infinite if there are no special circumstances (e.g., planet collisions, star swallowing, gravitational capture, etc.).

But in general, the lifetime of a planet depends on the lifetime of the star around which it orbits.

Stars are undergoing continuous thermonuclear reactions every minute and every second, and they are constantly losing mass.

Depending on the mass of the star, the star will evolve into white dwarfs, neutron stars, black holes, etc., and the life of the star can be said to be over.

Stars often undergo volume expansion to become "red giants" or "supergiants" and "supernova explosions" before they die

If a planet is relatively close to the star, it may be swallowed up when the star expands into a red giant, and the planet will disappear.

If the planet is far away from the star, it may be spared.

But the universe is full of variables, and all kinds of accidents can still bebehave the planets.

For example, it is estimated that our Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy will collide in more than 3 billion years.

Although there is a large enough cosmic gap between the planets, the gravitational field can still disrupt the original orbits of the planets.

According to the latest research, the gravitational field is synthesized from the magnetic moments of a large number of orbital electrons revolving around the nucleus, and its essence is a magnetic field.

Due to the isotropic orientation of the magnetic moments of the orbital electrons, the magnetic fields of these magnetic moments cancel out a large part of each other, so the gravitational field is very weak relative to the electrostatic or magnetic field.

Electrons, positrons, protons, α particles (helium nuclei), and various heavy ions (nuclei) share the common feature that there are no orbital electrons revolving around the nucleus.

Therefore, such particles can be protected from the gravitational force.

Let's pull the lens back again-

The orbital period of the planet Paisnok is close to 300 days, the orbit is about 0.85 times that of the Earth's orbit around the Sun, the surface temperature is about 21 °C under normal circumstances, the diameter is about 30,300 kilometers, about 2.4 times that of the Earth (the diameter of the Earth is 12,756 kilometers), the geological structure and density, and the atmosphere are similar to the Earth. The mass is 13.8 times that of the Earth, the surface gravity is 2.4 times that of the Earth, and the escape velocity (also known as: the second cosmic velocity, the minimum speed required for an object on the surface of a celestial body to free itself from the gravitational pull of the celestial body and fly into space) is 26.88 km/s (the second cosmic velocity of the Earth is 11.2 km/s), by the way, the first cosmic velocity refers to the speed at which an object will reach a circular motion around the planet, and the first cosmic velocity of the Earth is 7.9 km/s.

If humans land on the surface of the planet Paisnook, their body weight will become 2.4 times that of the earth, the burden on the body will increase, the pressure on the bones will increase, the heart will also be overloaded, and it may also cause bone damage or cerebral ischemia.

If humans settle on it, over the course of a few generations, the bones will become harder, and the size and weight will be reduced accordingly to adapt to the loads of gravity.

Therefore, due to the influence of the planet's gravity, the snookers are shorter than humans, about half the size of humans, but the bone and muscle density are much stronger than humans, and the strength talents given by nature are also inherently much stronger than humans.

(For example, a 1-meter-tall snooker is equivalent to a 2.3 or 2.4-meter-tall human, and the general height of a snooker is between 60 cm and 1 meter.) ）

Compared to Earth, Pasnok has a stronger gravity and requires a greater escape velocity, so life on this planet needs to expend more energy than humans to leave their home planet.

At the same time, because the lifespan of its parent star is nearing the end, this also prompts the snookers to be more greedy for energy, forming an interstellar colonial empire civilization of foreign aggression.

Due to the crazy emphasis on the development of interstellar weapons, the planet is full of factories that collect all kinds of exotic cosmic minerals and make weapons.

Life on this planet has been exposed to various cosmic radiations for a long time, causing the color of their skin to mutate to a deep purple, and also causing them to produce powerful antibodies in their bodies.

Although snookers are still considered "flesh and blood", they do not have a "gender" distinction and do not need to reproduce sexually, but through "asexual reproduction" such as "test-tube baby", so they do not have the same complex emotions as humans.

Due to the very advanced technology of the Pasnok civilization, with the help of artificial organs, the average natural lifespan of their individuals can reach 300 to 500 years, and the high-level Pasnookers can even achieve "immortality" through technologies such as "consciousness transfer"

Paisnookers have their own unique cultural customs, language and script.

They are written along the following lines: "∑∧∽⊙§¤※∨∮∝"

Well, for the sake of understanding, we have temporarily translated their language and text into a written language that we can understand.

Translated in our language, the Pasnookers refer to their planetary civilization as the "Pai Snooker Empire"

In fact, planetary civilizations in the universe like Paisnoke are also called "interstellar bandits"

The Pasnokes like to keep an ugly but unusually ferocious carnivore that lives on their planet called "Gollum" (a homonym from the word "Paisnok")

The status of this animal in their minds is similar to that of dogs in the hearts of humans.

Due to the aggressive culture of the Pasnokes, they usually prefer to spend their spare time on "Gollum".

Although Gollum can be described as a beast of prey, the snookers of Pasnoko describe Gollum as a "docile and peace-becoming" animal.

They often promote news such as how affectionate the snooker and Gollum are, how loyal Gollum is to the Gollum, how cute the Gollum is with her muzzle and fangs hanging outside, and so on, just like some humans promote dogs.

Even the vicious appearance of Gollum Nuo's teeth and claws was printed on the banner as a symbol of the snooker empire.

A lie repeated a thousand times becomes the truth.

When the truth is covered up once, it becomes a lie.

The snookers are very numb to the propaganda of lies day after day.

They have little sense of morality, and are accustomed to bloody killings and forcible seizures, even as normal.

Therefore, there is no such thing as "law" on Paisnook, and "survival of the fittest" is vividly reflected on this ancient planet.

And the group that currently leads the Paisnoko is, in a sense, the most powerful Paisnookers on the planet after natural selection for the survival of the fittest.

This group of leaders is called "Tulu Bolu" (a homonym for "Paisnoke")