(Today's content is a bit brain-burning, please slow down the pace and read it slowly.) Pen "Fun" Pavilion www.biquge.info)

The so-called four basic forces known to mankind (there may be other fundamental forces in the universe that are not yet known to mankind):

1. Electromagnetic interaction force is the force between charged particles or particles with magnetic moments that transmit the force between each other through the electromagnetic field (Maxwell's equations unify the two interactions of electricity and magnetism, and we can easily convert electricity and magnetism).

2. Weak interaction force, manifested as the β decay of neutrons. That is, neutrons decay into protons, electrons, and electron neutrinos. (This one is a bit harder to understand.) In addition, scientists have proposed a normative theory for the unification of weak and electromagnetic forces, which unifies electromagnetic and weak interaction forces, which are actually two aspects of the same force, also called electroweak force. ）

3. The strong interaction force is the strongest of the four fundamental forces, and the earliest scientists called the nuclear force between protons and neutrons as the strong interaction force, that is, the force of protons and neutrons combining into atomic nuclei. Later, with the development of science, we further realized that hadrons (i.e., protons, neutrons) are composed of quarks, so the strong interaction force is the interaction force between quarks, which is a short-range force.

4. Gravitational force refers to the attraction of any two particles to each other by a force in the direction of the concentric line. The magnitude of the gravitational force is independent of the chemical composition of the two objects and the type of medium in between.

We can briefly compare the strengths of the four fundamental forces:

Let's assume that the strength of gravity is 1;

Then the magnitude of the weak interaction force is 1000... 00 (25 zeros in total);

The electromagnetic interaction force is 1000... 00 (36 zeros in total);

Strong interaction force 1000... 00 (38 zeros in total).

It is incredible that the gravitational force that can drag matter to make up celestial bodies such as galaxies, stars, and black holes, and that the ubiquitous gravitational force in this vast universe is the weakest force known in the universe!!

At present, the three fundamental forces other than gravitational force can all be described by scientists by quantum theory, and the formation of electromagnetic, weak and strong interaction forces is explained by the assumption that they exchange quanta with each other.

However, the formation of gravity seems to be a different matter, and scientists have also mimicked the method of explaining electromagnetic force to explain gravity, and assumed that the quanta exchanged for matter at this time are called gravitons, but this attempt has encountered many theoretical difficulties.

To put it succinctly, the scientific community has not yet been able to explain the cause of gravity, and it is doubtful that there is even gravity at all!!

At present, there are still different opinions in the scientific community about the principle of gravitational force, and most of them are still at the theoretical level, and it takes a long time of research and demonstration to form a well-known truth.

So, how exactly does gravity come about? This is arguably one of the greatest unsolved mysteries in science.

Although this research is extremely arduous, Yuan Haochen firmly believes that with the continuous development of the earth's civilization, human beings will definitely unravel the mystery of gravity and create a real artificial gravity system through scientific and technological means!

For example, over the past millennia, people have seen birds soaring through the sky, but they don't know how they use aerodynamics to fly.

Later, with the continuous progress of science, the Bernoulli effect and other principles became known step by step. Nowadays, human beings can already fly to the clouds with the help of external forces and swim in the blue sky. Even elementary school students can make model airplanes.

In order to make a breakthrough in the extraterrestrial artificial gravity field theory and application research project as soon as possible, Yuan Haochen is almost full of firepower, as if he has returned to the era of Tsinghua University.

Unlike the other three project team members, Yuan Haochen's theoretical research direction is comprehensively rolled out, in addition to covering the research directions of the three of them, he is also carrying out various divergent thinking, constantly proposing various new theories and repeatedly carrying out careful verification.

This is something that ordinary people cannot do, because no scientist can dabble in such a large amount of scientific knowledge in a short period of time, let alone master and master it.

Others may not know the details, but the old Goethe saw it, and in just a few months, Yuan Haochen had read all the works and scientific research theories related to gravity research in the world.

So much so that Goethe began to suspect that Yuan Haochen was just looking at the information at a glance and cursory.

But soon, Goethe was shocked to discover how superficial his ideas were, and almost every week Yuan would come up with a unique new theory based on the research of his predecessors, and combine it with the operating model of the extraterrestrial artificial gravity equipment, which was quickly verified in various super laboratories.

Although Yuan Haochen still hasn't found the truth, at least nearly ten possibilities have been ruled out, and he is continuing to get closer to the final truth.

With Goethe's shallow scientific literacy, he couldn't understand these things at all, but he was still strongly shocked by Yuan Haochen's super learning ability and scientific research level, and the so-called unclear consciousness is probably the most appropriate description.

......

"Are gravitons real?"

This is a question that Yuan Haochen has been thinking about for some time now.

"If there really is such a tiny and massless particle in the universe and so widely distributed, how can I find signs of its existence?" Yuan Haochen was full of doubts about this, "With the current technology, it is difficult to measure tiny particles without mass. ”

"Maybe we could use the super cyclotron in the core of the base to find this tiny particle." Yuan Haochen made a decision, and immediately set off for the core area of the Pacific base of the Interstellar Exploration Alliance.

The process of discovering certain microscopic particles is a bit like time travel, and scientists have tried to use large devices such as cyclotrons to drive microparticles to collide at the speed of light, creating new microparticles.

It's like simulating what happened when the universe was born.

At the beginning of the universe, all kinds of particles were in a high-energy state, and protons and neutrons were also formed during that period.

In the super laboratory in the core area of the Interstellar Exploration Alliance, Yuan Haochen is repeatedly conducting collision experiments with several elementary particles with a ten-trillion-volt electron accelerator and the latest Large Hadron Collision Accelerator.

Hara hopes to discover microscopic particles such as the Siggs meson and boson (distant relatives of gravitons), which could be the key to helping unravel the principle of gravity.

But, as with previous attempts, it's likely to be a protracted and protracted job.

In Hara's view, the current research on gravitons is still in the stage of science fiction, and it is even a bit like a story in a science fiction novel.

He wasn't sure if gravitons were real, or even how to find them as soon as possible...... (To be continued.) )