In astronomy, the earth's surroundings are called the planetary space of the earth, and the earth's atmosphere extends up to 1,000 kilometers into space, but it is customary for us to call the space beyond 100 kilometers space or outer space.

The space environment of the universe is much harsher than that of the near-Earth space environment in which human beings live.

Take the cosmic space of the solar system as an example:

First of all, in an ultra-high vacuum environment, there are almost only 0.1 hydrogen atoms and hydrogen molecules per cubic centimeter of space.

Secondly, the temperature conditions in space are very extreme, and if it is directly irradiated by sunlight, it will produce extremely high temperatures, which are extremely dazzling. If you have your back to the sun, it can be as low as absolute zero, and it will be pitch black all around.

In addition, there is a lot of radiation and various high-energy charged particles and plasmas in space. (e.g. ultraviolet, X-ray, α-ray, β-ray, γ-ray, and various unknown ABCDEFG rays, etc.)

These harsh space environments have put forward high requirements for the design and material selection of spacecraft.

After breaking away from the launch vehicle, the Starship spacecraft successfully entered a predetermined orbit around the Earth about 500 km above the Earth's surface.

"The spacecraft has successfully entered the scheduled orbit around the Earth, the flight is smooth, and the surrounding conditions are good! Temperature: 23°C, Air pressure: 101,000 Pascal, Humidity

Once the Starship spacecraft began to orbit smoothly in its intended orbit, the spacecraft system began to intermittently display and report various environmental indices within the spacecraft.

"Okay, guys, we can relax for a while." Frank, who served as the captain of the Mars landing exploration operation, took the lead in uncovering the safety device on his body and said, "There are still 22 hours before the base launches the next Quanyue Mars landing vehicle. ”

"Follow your instructions, Captain Frank!" "It's amazing." "It's a little easier." "Ah~ah~"

Everyone responded.

"Thank you, the title of captain is really good!" Frank said with a smile.

At this time, there were a total of 16 astronauts and scientists on the Starship spacecraft, and everyone breathed a sigh of relief and began to stretch their bodies and gradually adapt to the current microgravity environment.

In the starship, through the porthole, you can look out the window into the universe.

There are only two things in the world that cannot be described in words, and they can shock us the most, one is the deep mind, and the other is the vast starry sky.

The vastness of the universe often gives people a mysterious color, with a deep darkness in front of them, a silent void around them, and the stars emit a charming pale white light.

But all this scenery is not as good as the beautiful blue star in front of you.

Yuan Haochen held his hands on the porthole handle and looked out curiously.

At this moment, the earth in his eyes is so beautiful and immaculate, gentle and moving.

The light aqua blue brings the quiet beauty of the earth, and the criss-crossing lines make the earth appear more vicissitudes, mysterious and beautiful, elusive and intriguing, this is the earth, the mother of mankind, the cradle of life.

"Whether my parents are okay at the moment, they must be watching me in space all the time on the surface of the earth." Through the porthole, as far as the eye could see, it happened to be the territory of Chinese mainland, Yuan Chenchen sighed in his heart, and he locked the area where Hanhai City was located at a glance.

After leaving the earth, a subtle feeling arises in the state of mind.

Yuan Haochen's mind kept coming up with the various scenes he had experienced on the earth, and a feeling of longing arose spontaneously, and the warm faces of his parents and family members came to his mind strongly.

In addition to his parents, a delicate and pretty face quietly appeared in his consciousness, as if he saw a white dress dancing in the breeze, and his smart and clear eyes were staring at him on the distant surface of the earth

"Hey, young man, it's the first time you've left Earth!" Frank floated over slowly, interrupting Hara's thoughts.

"Yes, Captain Frank, how many times have you been away from Earth?" Yuan Haochen came back to his senses and asked with interest.

"This is the third time." "What impressed me the most was my first spacewalk, the whole world was silent, it seemed like I was the only one left in the world, and I could hear my heartbeat and breathing very clearly. I still feel very bad when I think about it. ”

"It seems that there is a big gap between the real space experience and the imagined scenario." Yuan Haochen tried his best to imagine the picture described by Frank, which he would definitely experience in the near future.

"Unlike the previous two times, this time we're going to be out of Earth for a long time." Frank said with emotion.

"Ah~ guys, pull me up." While Frank and Yuan were talking, in the distance, Durunik was flying towards the two of them with an exaggerated twist in the air.

"Apparently this guy isn't quite used to microgravity." Before Hara could make a move, Frank had already lifted his foot and pressed it against Durunike's ass.

"Oh my God, I'm going to have to take some time to adjust to my weightlessness." Durunik said with a slight nervousness as he grabbed a handle on the wall of the starship spaceship.

"After all, we are not professional astronauts, we just took a seven-day astronaut training course, and we have to adapt slowly." Yuan Haochen nodded in agreement.

"We're going to be in space for almost two months before we get to Mars, but there's time for you to play." Frank looked at the two young subordinates in front of him and continued, "If you don't feel comfortable, you can go to the [drum washing machine] for a while. ”

"That's a brilliant idea, let's go along, Yankee." Durunik immediately said with deep approval.

Yuan Haochen also wanted to see the power of the [drum washing machine], so he happily agreed.

After Durulnik and Hara left, Frank drifted towards Commander Roland

The so-called "drum washing machine" is the nickname of the astronaut's artificial gravity generation device.

Flying in weightlessness for a long time will decalcify the bones and the muscles will become relaxed. Artificial gravity generation devices can prevent astronauts from health problems caused by long-term exposure to weightless environments, which is especially important for long-term manned space flights.

If you are deep in space and look around the starship spaceship, you will find that the middle part of the spaceship, which is about 80 meters long, is a ring space with a diameter of about 30 meters, and the ring space is equipped with health exercise equipment and has a well-separated rest room.

Like a drum washing machine, the entire circular space is constantly rotating, causing the astronauts in the middle of it to create centrifugal force that mimics the effect of gravity.

Of course, there are many limitations to this portable washing machine-style artificial gravity generator, and you must be trained to use it proficiently.

In the field of earth science and technology cognition, there are four basic forces in nature: gravitational force, electromagnetic interaction force, weak interaction force, and strong interaction force.

(Note that there are very likely other fundamental forces in the universe, but they are not yet accessible to human cognition.) ）

The three fundamental forces other than gravitational force can all be described by quantum theory, and the formation of electromagnetic, weak, and strong interaction forces is explained by the assumption that they exchange quanta with each other.

However, the formation of gravity is another matter entirely, and Einstein's general theory of relativity explains gravity in terms of the geometric properties of matter affecting space.

Scientists are also trying to explain gravity by mimicking the electromagnetic force, but this attempt has encountered many theoretical difficulties.

Since the time of Einstein, scientists on Earth have had a naïve desire that the world is unified and that the various fundamental interacting forces should have a unified origin.

However, in the actual process of scientific research, it has never been able to make a breakthrough, but has fallen into a series of explorations, failures, and then explorations, and failures.

However, each cycle of constantly discovering contradictions and resolving contradictions is deepening human understanding of the natural world.

If scientists on Earth succeed in unifying the four fundamental forces in the future, it will be possible for humans to directly create artificial gravity using electricity.

(To be continued) (Welcome to join the book friends exchange group: 529839423)