Chapter 54: Dark Matter?
For the sake of prudence, Yuan Haochen decided to verify it himself.
Soon, Yuan was proficient in formulating the corresponding chemical reagents and titrating and measuring the highest amount of iron in the sample. "Sure enough, there is a problem, the iron content measured by titration is different from that measured by spectroscopy for samples of the same mass, and there must be some substances hidden in the sample that cannot be measured by other spectroscopy." Yuan Haochen sighed secretly in his heart. "Guys, please take a look at these sets of data." After getting the conclusion, Yuan Haochen said while sharing the data comparison chart with others.
"Is there anything wrong with this data?"
"Haven't we read this before?"
"Everyone, please compare the data measured by the spectrometer with the data from the last titration group." Yuan Haochen continued.
"Oh ~ what age, there are still people who use titration to determine the composition."
"Take a look at the amount of chemical reagents used in the determination of iron." Yuan Haochen continued to add.
"It seems that the consumption is a little less than that of the other groups, maybe it's just a test error."
"Well, that's a bit unreasonable."
After all, the others were top scientists at the IEA (Interstellar Exploration Alliance) and soon discovered the problem.
"We also measured the content of each element separately by titration, and it may be true that there was an error in the previous data." As the comparison progressed, Philip began to mutter, "Also, inform Andre and ask him to come and have a look." ”
In the following time, everyone began to carry out very tedious titration and determination work, and used chemical reactions to calculate the content of the corresponding elements.
After several repetitions, we were finally surprised to find that the proportion of several major elements determined by chemical method was lower than that of spectroscopic method.
After Andre came to the super laboratory, he said in amazement after repeatedly verifying and checking everyone's experimental data: "We have always believed too much in the measurement results of spectroscopic instruments, and the scientists from other research institutes used titration to measure the results more accurately." “
At present, the world's major laboratories use, after years of development, the spectral testing instruments of different principles have become extremely intelligent, scientists only need to prepare different samples, the spectral tester can automatically analyze the content of each element through the spectrum, but theoretically can only determine the substances and elements we know. "Maybe there are unknown substances in the sample, which makes the spectral analysis unable to determine it, and the total proportion of each element obtained by the spectral analysis does not contain this part of the unknown substance." Yuan Haochen expressed his guess. "It makes sense, so the original titration measurement consumes a little less chemical reagent than expected." Andrei nodded approvingly.
"If you extrapolate backwards from the data, at least 10% of the total mass of the substance remains. However, after chemical measurement and calculation, there is no obvious residue in the sample. Philip raised his own questions.
"Could it be that this substance has a remarkable mass, but we can't observe it, maybe it's invisible?" Dulunik said in surprise.
"Invisibility? Could it be"
"Dark matter!! Meteorite samples may have some stable dark matter bound to each other. An incredible answer came to everyone's minds.
"My God, if it's really stable dark matter, it's a big scientific discovery." Even Andrei couldn't help but exclaim.
Physics has been a leader in the natural sciences for centuries.
The physics community is particularly fond of using the term "clouds in the sky" to describe major problems that the scientific community has not been able to solve.
In the nineteenth century, there were two dark clouds in the physics sky, the Michelson-Morey test and the blackbody radiation test. In the end, both clouds were knocked out by a group of scientists represented by Einstein.
However, the good times did not last long, and at the end of the 20th century, a new dark cloud appeared in the scientific sky, causing scientists all over the world to frown.
This cloud is just that dark matter.
In the 20th century, scientists discovered that the universe was constantly expanding, and they also discovered something called cosmic microwave background radiation. Based on this, scientists deduced the age, energy density, and expansion rate of the universe.
Scientists have discovered that the universe would not have evolved as it is today without a completely new particle whose gravitational effect is greater than the known gravitational effect of particles.
Scientists call this unknown particle dark matter.
Dark matter neither emits photons, nor absorbs or scatters them, or even participates in electromagnetic interactions. The scientific community can only sense its existence through the effects of gravity at present.
According to scientific calculations, dark matter dominates the formation of the structure of the universe, and there is a large amount of dark matter in the universe, which may be as high as 95%, that is, we can see the observed matter, including all interstellar matter, stars, star clusters, nebulae, quasars, galaxies, etc., which only account for 5% of the total mass of the universe, and the rest of the matter has been in the form of "invisible" existence in this vast universe because we cannot observe it.
The reason why we can't observe dark matter may be due to the following three possibilities:
1. Dark matter is a celestial body in the universe that is too dark to observe, such as black holes, brown dwarfs, etc.
2. The standard model of particle physics is wrong or very imperfect, missing a particle that makes up 95% of the matter.
3. The way gravity works on a large scale in the universe is different from what we currently understand in the scientific community.
In fact, in the 21st century, the first possibility has been largely dismissed. Dark objects cannot be seen, but they can be perceived indirectly through gravitational lensing.
If the second case is confirmed, the scientific community has the opportunity to make significant improvements to the Standard Model, which will have a profound impact on the development of particle physics and quantum physics.
If it is the third case, it means that our understanding of gravity is incorrect. That is, the general theory of relativity is wrong. This has an even greater impact on physics than in the second case.
It can be said that the discovery of dark matter will be a major breakthrough opportunity for modern science.
In the twenties and thirties of the early 21st century, many scientists tried to simulate the Big Bang, and carried out various accelerator and non-accelerator experiments to detect the signals emitted by the collision between dark matter particles and ordinary matter particles under the interference of cosmic rays at extremely deep depths, or to find dark matter by indirect detection in space, but they have not obtained the most direct evidence.
Therefore, if the special material contained in the meteorite is confirmed by IEA scientists to be stable dark matter, this discovery will surely become a milestone in the development of science and technology in the 21st century
IEA Pacific Base, in Super Laboratory 1 of the Institute of Astrophysics.
At this time, Chris, the commander of the scientific group, Watt, the director of the Institute of Astrophysics, Frank, the scientific research leader of the special project team, and many scientists from other research institutes that Yuan Haochen did not know gathered in the laboratory, and the expressions on everyone's faces were extremely excited.
"The black treasure green meteorite actually contains a stable unknown substance!" Chris the commander of the science team looked through the research data of the meteorite in amazement.
"We can now be sure that the meteorite contains about 10% of the mass of material that cannot be directly observed by our current technical equipment." Frank added, "We determined that these unknown substances are most likely dark matter that has not been verified. ”
"Haha~ Scientific research is like this, we unexpectedly make other discoveries when we work on a specific topic." Commander Chris said with a smile.
"You're doing a great job! The nature of dark matter is still a mystery, and now you need to start researching it to understand the structural characteristics of dark matter and how it binds to meteorites. Dean Watt said appreciatively.
"In addition, while you are studying the dark matter of meteorites, you must continue to explore the question of ancient life in meteorites, and there may be an important connection between the two." Commander Chris continued to add.
"Come on, guys, I'm waiting for good news from you!" After Dean Watt finished speaking, he deliberately smiled and nodded towards Yuan Haochen.
(To be continued)