7. For the first time, China established an international organization in China

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is an international organization consisting of China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. There are five other observer States: Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Mongolia and India. The working languages are Chinese and Russian. The total area of the member states is 30.189 million square kilometers, that is, three-fifths of the total area of Eurasia, and the population is about 1.6 billion, a quarter of the world's total population.

This is the first time that China has set up an international organization on its territory, named after a Chinese city, and claims to solve the border problem between member states in the "Shanghai spirit".

The results achieved by the SCO over the past 10 years are clear. Because the SCO member states, including China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, all face a common problem, which is a serious challenge in the field of non-traditional security.

For example, the social unrest in Kyrgyzstan is caused by the imbalance in socio-economic development. These are security issues that many countries are facing.

In fact, since the establishment of the SCO, the first issue that has been raised is the issue of security cooperation, and it is cooperation in non-traditional security areas, and a lot of progress has been made in this regard.

Of course, over the past 10 years, the functions of the SCO have also been expanding, and economic cooperation is also a very important aspect.

In peacetime, economic security is in fact the paramount importance of international security. Whether or not the economy can do well plays a decisive role in the development of a country or region.

If the SCO confines itself to non-traditional security areas and cooperates effectively in the field of counter-terrorism, it will not be enough to solve the fundamental security problems facing the countries.

As a result, in addition to cooperation in the field of security, the SCO is gradually transitioning to regional economic cooperation, and there is a lot of room for economic cooperation among the SCO member states.

Over the past 10 years since its founding, the SCO has made considerable progress in security cooperation, including successive SCO military exercises and counter-terrorism exercises. But some problems have also been exposed in the process.

Of course, we cannot draw an analogy between the SCO and NATO.

Although the United States, Europe, and Japan have always regarded the SCO as a paramilitary alliance, and even considered the SCO to be a military alliance, the SCO and NATO are completely different from each other.

NATO is a product of the Cold War, and the SCO is a product of maintaining regional security under the conditions of economic globalization in the new era. Therefore, the SCO's military exercises focused on counter-terrorism, but in the course of these anti-terrorist exercises, a number of problems have also been exposed.

NATO's military cooperation is very thorough, and the responsibilities and obligations of the member states are very clear, and the SCO is lacking in this regard.

For example, in 2005 and 2007, when the SCO conducted a series of peace mission exercises, there were still considerable problems with the passage of armed forces, including aircraft, between the SCO countries. Kazakhstan, for its part, invoked its domestic law that the armed forces of other countries could not cross its territory. Then, in the course of the exercise, including the mobilization of China's anti-terrorist forces and air force participating in the exercise, we had no choice but to make a long detour from the direction of Manchuria.

From this, we can see that there is still room for further cooperation in the field of defense, so that the SCO can achieve security integration and build its own cooperation framework in the field of security cooperation, so that future joint counter-terrorism exercises and practical actions will become more effective.

The SCO still has a lot of room to work on the establishment of internal legislation and the formation of legally binding agreements between the member states.