The universe is a unity of space, time, matter, energy, and perhaps other factors that we don't yet know. Pen % fun % Pavilion www.biquge.info

Scientists have calculated that our universe has expanded for about 13.82 billion years through observations of cosmic microwave background radiation.

But the diameter of the universe is clearly greater than that, and the latest research suggests that the diameter of the universe could reach 92 billion light-years or more.

The Big Bang is a cosmological model that describes the initial conditions for the birth of the universe and its subsequent evolution, and it is supported by the most extensive and accurate scientific research and observations available today.

Cosmologists usually refer to the Big Bang view as the universe evolved from an extremely dense and extremely hot primordial state before a finite time in the past, and expanded to reach its present state.

Modern astronomical research suggests that the universe may be made up of different levels.

For example, many planets, asteroids, comets and meteoroids orbit the central celestial body, the Sun, to form the solar system.

And there are other planetary systems outside the solar system.

You can imagine that there are as many as 250 billion sun-like stars and interstellar matter in the Milky Way.

The Milky Way is about 100,000 light-years in diameter, and the Sun is located in one of the spiral arms of the Milky Way, about 30,000 light-years away from the Milky Way's core.

Yes, the Milky Way has reached a level that we humans cannot match, both in terms of size and distance.

However, there are many more similar celestial systems outside the Milky Way, which astronomy calls extragalactic galaxies.

Well, if we tell you, there are as many as 1 billion galaxies in the universe of the caliber of the Milky Way.

Do you instantly feel that the idea of exhausting the universe is so far away!

However, this is not the end of the story, as multiple galaxies have gathered into large and small groups, known in astronomy as galaxy clusters. On average, there are about 100 galaxies in each galaxy cluster, and the diameter can reach more than 10 million light-years, and we have discovered tens of thousands of these huge units!

Let's not mention the guys who are too far away, let's talk about the galaxy cluster around us, a small galaxy cluster composed of about 40 galaxies, including the Milky Way, called the local galaxy group.

In addition, if several galaxy clusters are clustered together, they form a higher-level celestial system, the supercluster.

Superclusters tend to have an elongated shape, with diameters of hundreds of millions of light-years.

Having said this, many interested astronomy enthusiasts will use a scale to depict the position and weight of our home earth in the universe.

The result is bound to be quite pessimistic.

The earth is not even a drop in the ocean for the entire universe, and it is just a small role that is dispensable.

Therefore, this Mars exploration operation, which has excited the whole earth, has no significance at all in the context of the universe.

However, this interstellar exploration operation, which seems extremely humble in the eyes of the universe, has become an important milestone for the tiny earthlings to step into the depths of the universe and uncover the mysteries of the universe......

After the Starship spacecraft system (including all components such as the Martian habitation module, the Mars landing vehicle, and the detachable nuclear power thruster) completed its fourth orbit around the Earth, the Central Command Center of the Pacific Base of the Interstellar Exploration Alliance finally issued the command to leave for Mars.

"Starship spaceship, I command you to quickly surpass the second cosmic velocity and get out of orbit around the Earth."

Gianna, president of the Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, issued the above action instructions at a pre-set planned time point.

The so-called three cosmic speeds, which sound lofty, are actually just a few terms defined by us humans according to our own small cognition.

Starting from the study of the motion of the two particles under the action of gravitational force, scientists call the minimum launch velocity required for the spacecraft to orbit the earth, break away from the earth and fly out of the solar system, which are respectively called the first cosmic velocity (7.9 km/s), the second cosmic velocity (11.2 km/s) and the third cosmic velocity (16.7 km/s).

And this level of speed is so insignificant compared to the vastness of the universe.

"Take the command and activate the starship spacecraft's own propulsion system." After receiving Gianna's instructions, Frank, the leader of the Mars exploration operation, immediately asked the pilot Jenson to activate the chemical propulsion system on board the starship spacecraft.

According to the space voyage plan, the next landing on Mars will be roughly divided into four steps:

Step 1: Rely on the traditional chemical propulsion system carried by the Starship spacecraft to enter a predetermined orbit around the sun;

Step 2: After entering the predetermined orbit around the sun and flying steadily, choose the appropriate time to use the nuclear propulsion system to quickly accelerate to Mars;

Step 3: Slow down into the outer space of Mars, and let the gravity of Mars capture the entire starship spacecraft system;

Step 4: Launch the Mars habitation module and the Mars landing vehicle to Mars respectively;

Although the chemical propulsion system is the technical equipment of the previous generation, the chemical propulsion system carried by the starship spacecraft is the pinnacle of the old propulsion system, and the performance of propulsion is really remarkable.

During the acceleration of the spacecraft, for safety reasons, the 17 scientists and astronauts on board the Starship spacecraft had already sat firmly in the operation compartment with safety fixtures.

Sitting at the front were the main pilot Jenson, the co-pilot Keanu Reeves, and Captain Frank.

The gain efficiency of the chemical propulsion system is gradually increasing and increasing steadily.

Because the instantaneous generation of large accelerations is extremely uneconomical from the point of view of operating technology and fuel consumption.

The more important reason is that astronauts simply can't stand it.

Think about it, what would happen if there was a sudden super-large acceleration?

Syllable!!!

A pile of rotten meat, yes, it feels like falling from the top of a building dozens of floors!

For example, if you live on a planet with a gravity of more than 10 g, the heart can't send blood to the brain.

Students who have done biological experiments must know that the centrifugal acceleration of up to 10,000 g of high-speed centrifuge can precipitate substances with a density greater than water into a thin layer.

Although the entire acceleration process of the starship spaceship will not be particularly fast, Yuan Haochen, who is fixed on the seat, can still feel a noticeable feeling of pushing back.

In fact, the acceleration of the spaceship is not as simple as imagined.

Although there is no air resistance in space, it is impossible for an object with steady acceleration to increase its speed indefinitely.

According to the theory of relativity, the mass of an object increases dramatically with increasing speed, and the closer it gets to the speed of light, the more difficult it is to accelerate. Accelerating to the speed of light requires an infinite amount of energy, which is basically impossible. For example, at the Very Large Hadron Collider, even small protons can only approach the speed of light infinitely.

In the ground command center, Gianna and other scientific experts are keeping an eye on all the flight indices of the Starship spaceship.

"Report to the command center, the Starship spacecraft is currently traveling at 11.3 km/s and has begun to leave Earth's orbit" After several hours of continuous acceleration, the Starship spacecraft finally began to say goodbye to Earth.

"Very well, please fly in the orbit around the sun at a target speed of 13.2 km/s." Gianna moved on to the next directive.

"Instructions received! The Starship spacecraft continues to accelerate. ”

............

At the same time, on the distant Earth, it was the middle of the night in China.

The darkness of the night has gradually filled the sky, and countless stars have broken through the night and poked their heads out.

Hanhai City, the source of the Sun Moon Creek, the moon shadow is reflected in the stream, and the fireflies are flying on the edge of the green mountains.

The tide of the night slowly infiltrated the mountain stream, diffusing a faint wisp of longing and sorrow.

A middle-aged couple is sitting arm in arm, shoulder to shoulder, by the stream.

Looking up at the night sky, the evening breeze gently blows the faces of the middle-aged couple.

The starry sky was exceptionally clear, and the distant stars shone like tears......

The night was quiet, the stars were blinking overhead, and thoughts were quietly sprouting in my heart.

And on the other side of the Pacific Ocean, on the campus of Stanford University in California.

A delicate and pretty woman was sitting upright in the classroom, although the professor on the podium said wonderfully, but she had already wandered in her thoughts, absent-minded, occasionally looking at the bright sky through the window, the pear vortex was lightly sunken, showing a charming smile.

(To be continued) (Welcome to join the book friends exchange group: 529839423)