Duchy of Fort (1413) and Duchy of Somerset (1443), among others. The leaders of these principalities were all royal relatives, and after they received high titles, they stood out among the nobles and were extraordinary, laying the foundation for the future struggle for royal power, disrupting the dynasty, and causing wars

Among the nobles of the House of Lords, the number of viscounts is the least qualified. The viscount title originated in France, and was originally a county keeper with a rank below the count, but sometimes it could be a powerful prince. In England, in 1440 John of Biomant was made viscount, above all the barons. The son must not go to the meeting unless he has received a royal decree covering the kingdom. Since the 14th century, counts, viscounts, barons, and sons of dukes have also been referred to as marquises, counts, viscounts, and barons below dukes. It has a similar meaning to the word "nobility". In addition, in the United Kingdom, the term "nobility" has always been broadly and narrowly defined. Aristocracy, a generalized nobility, is derived from the Greek word and contains the derogatory connotations of "stupid" and "mediocre", which was later homographically translated into English to mean free peasants in military service. From the Norman Conquest to modern times, aristocracy was used to refer to large and small nobles, including knights. After the formation of the 5th level of aristocracy, in order to show the difference, peers and the collective nouns nobility and peerage were used to refer to the great nobles of the upper house. Later, nobility was used to refer not only to the nobility of the House of Lords, but also to political dignitaries.

Compared with the nobility of Spain, Portugal, Sweden, France and other countries on the European continent, one of the characteristics of the British aristocracy is that it is small in number. For a long time, titles of nobility and the corresponding property and political privileges were held only by the holder of the title himself, whose family members, although members of the noble family, were close to those of ordinary freemen, and were not allowed to sit in the House of Lords. Titles and fiefs of nobility were passed on according to a fairly strict system of primogeniture; If the eldest son dies young, the eldest grandson, second son, youngest son or other family members will replace him in order. If a nobleman has no heirs, his close relatives may inherit his fiefdom in accordance with his will or during his lifetime, and with the approval of the King and the High Court. But in most cases it was the king who took back the title. In general, British titles and titles of nobility cannot be transferred or sold at will. In order to maintain the size of the nobility group and for other reasons, most of the kings would add a moderate amount of nobility.

Once an important person has acquired a title, it is not fixed. If a new person has a distinguished military achievement, outstanding political achievements, or is particularly favored by the king, he can be promoted to a higher rank or receive a new title. In addition, noble marriages are also a good opportunity and way to obtain, add to or improve titles. Because the fiefdom is dazzling and lovely, and is admired by many people in society, those who have noble status and family property, as well as their long-term heirs, can always easily get admirers and suitors. For example, Henry IV, the founder of the Lancastrian dynasty, had the title of duke before his accession to the throne from his mother, Bridge, from his mother. Bridge, the great-granddaughter of Henry III, owned the Earls of Derby, Lincoln and Leicester in addition to the Duchy of Lancaster.

The English fifth-class aristocracy was roughly shaped in the 13th-15th centuries. It is different from the 5-level aristocratic feudal system at the beginning of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty. It is not built up at a particular moment, but gradually formed over a long period of time, and eventually becomes customized.

At the beginning of the 14th century, among the royal nobles above the fifth rank of nobility, there was also a rather unique title reserved for the crown prince - "Prince of Wales". The name was first coined by the Prince of Wales, Levelen, who once unified the country. In 1282, King Edward I of England led a large army and fleet against Wales, and Levelen died. Two years later, Wales was annexed to England, and in 1301 Edward added the title of Prince of Wales to the heir to the throne of Britain.

In the late Middle Ages, when the political situation was turbulent and wars continued, in order to make nobles at all levels make meritorious achievements and loyalty to the king under the inspiration of chivalry, the feudal monarchs of Europe not only used the noble titles to bestow their subordinates, but also set up medals and decorations divided into different ranks to reward their military achievements.

In England, the most famous order is the Order of Garter, created in the mid-4th century. Legend has it that Edward III established the title to commemorate a seemingly unrelated event. At a ball celebrating the capture of Calais, the beautiful Countess of Salisbury dropped a blue garter, which was picked up by Edward III and wrapped around her lap. Later these words became the motto of the King's founding of the Garter Order and the awarding of the Order of Garter in 1449, and it appeared on the medal along with the blue garter and the cross of St. George, inspiring the samurai to fight in defiance of death in war, which at the time was mainly the Hundred Years' War. Edward himself was a member of the Garter Knights. He and his favorite samurai discussed around the round table, dined together, and presided over the samurai's martial arts many times, which revived the declining chivalry. and made the Order of the Garter the most attractive noble medal in Britain in the future.

The origin of the nobility of continental Europe is roughly as follows: in the beginning, there were only dukes, counts, and barons. Among them, the duke is supposed to be the provincial administrative or military governor after Diocletian reformed the Roman provinces, and was later used by the barbarians to refer to the great lord. The Count was the commander of the army of the Clovis dynasty. But because often with military service granted territories, he also became a lord. Baron is an honorific title for the dignitaries of the court. The viscount and the marquis were created as vice-earls and vice-dukes, respectively. These titles were also inherited as fiefs during the annexation of the fiefs in the Carolingian era, and gradually became knighthoods (just as the Elector of the Rhine-Baradin was himself a Count of the Imperial Palace, but he was also the head of the Emperor's stables). The Marquis of Brandenburg, like the Emperor's courtiers, had the title of fief, but there were too few people to become knights). Therefore, many nobles who have a territory but do not have an official title take the territory as their title. Add an infix in between. Translated to Mr. So-and-so in such and such a place. Many famous families, including the Bourbon family, which would later reign in half of Europe, were originally from these untitled families.

Titles in foreign countries

When you are reading Shakespeare's comedy "The Merchant of Venice", you will be greeted by the Duke of Venice, who presided over the court trial, and bowed to Baucia one after another

The width of the tunnel, in turn, is based on the width of the tracks. The width of the rocket booster, which represents cutting-edge technology, is determined by the total width of the butts of the two horses.

Feet are a "foot girl" of CR

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