Lanyin's official dialect is subdivided into 8 pieces: Yinchuan City, Shizuishan City-Pingluo-Taole-Helan-Yongning-Qingtongxia-Lingwu-Wuzhong City-Zhongning-Tongxin-Zhongwei, Ningxia Yanchi County, Lanzhou City-Yuzhong-Minqin, Yongdeng-Gaolan, Gulang-Tianzhu, Hexi Corridor (except Dunhuang and Jingtai), Urumqi City-Changji Prefecture-Bortala Prefecture-Altay City and Qinghe County-Tacheng (except Tori and Buxel)-Hami. The words are subdivided into 8 pieces: Yinchuan City, Shizuishan City - Pingluo - Taole - Helan - Yongning - Qingtongxia - Lingwu - Wuzhong City - Zhongning - Tongxin - Zhongwei, Ningxia Yanchi County, Lanzhou City - Yuzhong - Minqin, Yongdeng - Gaolan, Gulang - Tianzhu, Hexi Corridor (except Dunhuang and Jingzhu area, now north and south of Longhai line. Yunping Town, Wujiang County, Suzhou City, some villages east of Xuancheng City, Guangde County in southern Anhui, and Changxing County in Zhejiang belong to the Central Plains Mandarin Island. The official dialect of the Central Plains is subdivided into Henan dialect, Guanzhong dialect Dongfu dialect, Guanzhong dialect Xifu dialect, Qinlong dialect, Longzhong dialect, and Nanjiang dialect.

The official dialect of southwest China includes 11 pieces: Sichuan Province, Chongqing Municipality, 19 counties and cities in western Hubei Province, northwestern Hunan Province, Liuba-Foping-Ningshan-Zhenping-Langao-Ziyang-Shiquan-Zhenba-Ningqiang in southern Shaanxi Province, and Bikou Town, Wenxian County, Gansu Province; Luzhou City-Yibin City-Leshan City-Xichang City, Tongzi-Renhuai-Yanhe-Yinjiang City, Yunnan Province, Daguan-Suijiang-Shuifu, Neijiang City-Zigong City-Renshou County-Fushun County, Ya'an City-Shimian County, Xiaguan-Jianchuan-Binchuan-Eryuan-Yunlong-Lijiang City in northwest Yunnan Province; Dali-Baoshan-Luxi in western Yunnan; Kunming-Zhaotong-Qujing-Yuxi-Chuxiong-Gejiu-Kaiyuan in the eastern and central parts of Yunnan Province, Guiyang City-Anshun City in Guizhou Province, and Ningnan County in Sichuan Province; 27 counties and cities in the northern part of Guizhou Province centered on Zunyi-Liupanshui-Bijie, Weixin-Yiliang-Zhenxiong in Yunnan Province, Xiushan County in Chongqing City, Zhijiang-Huaihua-Fenghuang-Xinhuang-Jishou in Hunan Province; Zhenyuan-Cengong-Liping-Jinping-Taijiang in southeastern Guizhou Province, Jingzhou-passage in Hunan Province; Kaili-Duyun-Guiding County in southern Guizhou Province; Xiangfan-Shiyan-Danjiangkou-Laohekou-Suizhou in northern Hubei Province; Wuhan, Linxiang County, Hunan Province; Yongzhou and Chenzhou in southern Hunan Province; 56 counties and cities in Guangxi Province centered on Liuzhou-Guilin-Baise-Hechi; Military language spoken in parts of Changjiang County, Dongfang City, Danzhou City, and Sanya City in Hainan Province. The dividing line between the Southwest Mandarin and the Jianghuai Mandarin is west and south of the line of Guangshui County, Anlu County, Yingcheng County, Huangpi, Huanggang City, Ezhou City, and Qichun County.

During the Shang, Zhou, Qin and Han dynasties, Dongting Lake still belonged to the Chu language formed by the fusion of primitive Chinese and Tibeto-Burman, Miao Yao language, and after the Yongjia Rebellion, there were 60,000 Qin Yongliu people who moved into Hubei (Shaanxi, Gansu and part of Shanxi), and the initial prototype of the southwestern official dialect appeared. After the Anshi Rebellion, the northern immigration, ten times that of the indigenous people, entered the northern part of Dongting Lake, impacted, assumed, and eventually replaced the local Chu language, laying the foundation of the southwestern official dialect.

Jianghuai official dialect is distributed between the Huai River and the north-south cultural line, and Chengguan in Nanping, Fujian Province, and Yangyu Village in Changle County belong to the isolated islands of Jianghuai official dialect. The dividing line between Jianghuai official dialect and Central Plains official dialect is as follows: Lianyungang Linhong River Estuary - Punan Town, Donghai County - Huangchuan in Donghai - Baitabu in Donghai - Pingming in Donghai - Fangshan in Donghai - Anfeng in Donghai - Xinyi Heibu - Shuyang Yinping (Tongyang) - Fangwei Village, Yanji Town, Shuyang - Shuyang Yuelai - Suqian Guanmiao - Suqian Dingzui - Siyang Cangji - Siyang Tuyuan - Sihong Cao Temple - Sihong Jinsuo - Sihong Chonggang - Sihong Shangtang - Sihongfeng Shannan - Huaihe River - Fengyang County South - Southwest of Bengbu City - Huaihe River - Huoqiu County East - Jinzhai County South.

Wu dialect

It is used in southern Jiangsu, most of Zhejiang, Shanghai and parts of southern Anhui, and the number of users is about 8.4% of the total population. The Wu language is divided into Taihu (northern Wu language, including southern Jiangsu, Shanghai and Huzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, and Ningbo in Zhejiang, represented by Shanghainese, Suzhou or Shaoxing), Taizhou (Taizhou, Zhejiang), Wuzhou (Jinhua, Zhejiang), Chuqu (Quzhou, Lishui, Zhejiang), Oujiang (Wenzhou, Zhejiang), and Xuanzhou (part of southern Anhui). Among them, the southwestern part of Anhui Province and the western part of Zhejiang are influenced by the Jiangxi dialect, and the southern part of Zhejiang retains more characteristics of the ancient Baiyue dialect, so that it cannot speak with the Taihu Pian Wu language, which is a typical Wu language. Its main features are:

The ancient Quanqing, the second Qing, and the voiced initials are divided into three, of which the voiced initials are generally read as voiced, such as the three initials of the ancient duan through in most places are read /t/, /th/, /d/.

In most places, the three nasal endings are merged into one (usually -ng), and the three intonation endings are also merged into one (-?).

Diphthongs are multi-unitalized, and many nasal sounds become nasalized vowels, or even without nasalization.

The tones are divided into two groups according to the voice, generally seven to eight, but there are only five in downtown Shanghai.

Hakka dialect

It is widely used among the Hakka people in southern China, mainly including eastern and northern Guangdong, western Fujian, southern Jiangxi, southeastern Guangxi, Taiwan, Sichuan and other places, represented by Meixian dialect. Although it is a southern dialect, Hakka was formed under the influence of immigrants from the north to the south, and Hakka thus retains some of the characteristics of the Middle Plains. Hakka dialect is not limited to the Han Hakka people, but is also widely used among the She people. The Hakka dialect is spoken by about 4% of the total population.

The Min dialect is spoken in Fujian, Taiwan, Hainan, the Philippines, and some countries in Southeast Asia. Due to the large internal differences between Min languages, they are usually divided into northern Fujian dialects (represented by Jian'ou dialect), eastern Fujian dialects (represented by Fuzhou dialects), Puxian dialects, central Fujian dialects, and southern Fujian dialects (represented by Xiamen dialects or Taiwanese dialects). Min is the only dialect of all dialects that does not completely correspond directly to the existence of Middle Chinese rhymes. The most influential language in the Min language family is Hokkien, with seven consonant endings: "-p, -t, -k,-?,-n, -m, -ng". It retains the characteristics of the Middle Chinese tone of "ping, up, going, and entering" to divide yin and yang. Hokkien is spoken by about 4.5% of the population.

Cantonese dialect

Represented by Cantonese dialect, it is mainly used in Guangdong Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Hong Kong, Macao and overseas Chinese. Cantonese has a very complex tone, and Cantonese has 9 tones. At the same time, it is also one of the dialects that retains the characteristics of Middle Chinese relatively completely, including six consonant endings of p, t, k, m, n and ng. There is little disagreement within Cantonese. Cantonese speakers account for about 5% of the total Han population.

Cantonese dialects are divided into: Yuehai dialect (including Guangzhou dialect (Guangzhou, Guangdong), Nanfanshun dialect (Nanhai, Panyu, Shunde, Guangdong), Luoguang dialect (Zhaoqing, Sihui, Luoding, Guangning, Huaiji, Fengkai, Deqing, Yunan, Yangshan, Lianxian, Lianshan, represented by Zhaoqing dialect), Hong Kong dialect (Hong Kong)), Siyi dialect (Xinhui, Enping, Kaiping, Taishan, Guangdong, represented by Taishan dialect), Gaoyang dialect (Yangjiang, Leizhou Peninsula, Guangdong), Guinan dialect piece

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