(These two chapters are mainly about studying the true power of fusion weapons, and students who already know it very well, or who are not interested, can skip it, and it basically does not affect the plot.) ）

The results of the simulation of scientific research equipment are significantly different from their own inertial understanding.

Mu Feng felt that at least one of his own cognition and simulation equipment had a problem.

Mu Feng opened the explanatory entry next to it and read the contents carefully.

There is not only a basic introduction, but also various formulas, parameters, and various historical records.

Fission and fusion weapons not only have great explosive power, but also have more ways to kill, including shock waves, photothermal radiation, early nuclear radiation, radioactive contamination, nuclear electromagnetic pulse, etc.

Shock wave is the easiest to understand, it is the most effective and controllable way to kill.

Photothermal radiation, after the explosion of a fusion weapon, in addition to the simple energy shock wave, will also release a large amount of energy in the form of extremely strong photothermal radiation.

Strong light and high temperature can ignite all kinds of combustibles in the city and cause large-scale urban fires.

After the explosion, the city's fire department must have been paralyzed, and with the impetus of the shock wave, the fires will be connected to form a terrifying "fire storm".

Early nuclear radiation, which is the neutron and γ rays released at the time of the explosion, can directly kill and injure people.

Radioactive contamination is a mushroom cloud produced by the explosion, and the dust and particles stirred up are radioactively contaminated in the air and formed after falling to the ground.

Electromagnetic pulse is an indiscriminate large-scale magnetic explosion attack, mainly causing damage to electronic equipment.

In actual combat, different detonation heights and methods can be selected according to different targets and different environments, and the required killing methods can be optimized.

Fusion warheads are generally not used as specialized electromagnetic pulse weapons, and at the same time, the killing range of early nuclear radiation generally does not exceed the killing range of shock waves.

Therefore, the strike planning of fusion weapons in actual combat mainly considers the scope of the three lethal effects of shock wave, fire storm, and radiation fall.

Among the three main killing effects, there are three different levels of importance.

The specific killing range can also be estimated by different methods.

The first is the shock wave, which belongs to the instantaneous kill and is the first consideration in the planning of a nuclear strike.

The intensity of the shock wave overpressure can be expressed in psi, and the answer to the specific damaging effects of different psi can be found in various literatures.

The 1979 National Intelligence Assessment (NIE) 11-3/8-78 set a standard of 15 psi for "soft/surface targets," which was "sufficient to destroy a reinforced concrete building."

In the Soviet civil air defense plan, evacuation "buffer zones" around the perimeter of the city were designed to protect the population from a shock wave of 14 psi.

As a result of this shock wave, the glass of the house can shatter and low-intensity structures such as wooden shantytowns may collapse.

In a 1979 report by the U.S. Office of Technology Assessment, "The Effects of Nuclear War", it was argued

If the blast wave overpressure reaches 5 psi, there is a 50 probability of death, and if the shock wave overpressure reaches 12 psi or more, the probability of death is close to 100.

This is in the case of secondary casualties arising from the collapse of buildings in an urban environment.

If the shock wave is used alone, it will take about 30 psi to kill people in an open area.

Within the city limit, the overpressure range of 5 psi with a probability of 50 deaths as the effective killing range is a relatively well-recognized data.

There is a relatively simple formula for calculating the specific size of this killing range.

The explosion yield is squared, multiplied by the explosion proportional constant, 1493885, and the result is the effective killing radius, which is measured in 10,000 tons and the radius in kilometers.

100,000 tons, with a killing radius of 32 km.

1 million tons, with a kill radius of 69 km.

10 million tons, with a killing radius of 149 km.

Big Ivan, 50 million tons, a radius of destruction of about 255 km.

From the formula and calculation results, it can be seen that large-yield fusion weapons are actually not cost-effective.

The relationship between the yield and the killing radius is that the cubic root increases, and if the killing radius wants to be increased to 2 times the original, the yield of the warhead must be increased to 8 times the original.

Therefore, after the invention of fusion weapons, after a short yield race, the nuclear powers soon began to pursue miniaturization and multi-warhead disintegration technology.

Next is the fire storm, which is also an instantaneous kill, and it should also be considered in the planning of a nuclear strike.

It is generally believed that 10 cal per square centimeter of thermal radiation energy can ignite a large area of fire.

Heat radiation of 10 cal per square centimeter to 12 cal per square centimeter is enough to cause third-degree burns.

The range of energy of different levels of thermal radiation is very complex to calculate and is affected by various factors.

The scientific equipment gives data in several typical states to facilitate comparison with the shock wave range.

Third-degree burns from a fire storm generally have a greater range than the 5 psi shock wave overpressure, but generally do not exceed the 14 psi range.

The fire will spread, but people on the edge can also escape, so it is relatively uncontrollable.

Therefore, in the calculation, only the range of direct causes of fires and burns is generally considered.

And then based on the above data, it can be obtained

If Big Ivan had been detonated at an altitude of 60 kilometers away from a person, the person would not have really been injured.

The 1 psi overpressure caused by Big Ivan ranged from about 55 kilometers, which was at most capable of shattering glass and collapsing rudimentary wooden buildings such as straw sheds.

Whereas the range of the fire storm is below this distance.

As long as this person is not standing downwind of the explosion point, does not stare at the fireball of the nuclear explosion, and dodges the flammable materials around him, then there is really nothing wrong.

As for the 10 million ton class, the safety range of 30 kilometers away, there are also ready-made historical records.

The equivalent of the American Cheer Castle is 15 million tons.

When it exploded, the photographers who were in charge of taking pictures and videos were 30 kilometers away from the explosion site.

One of the photographers, Pete Curran, said in a documentary made 30 years later that being involved in the filming of the explosion made him less afraid of the weapon.

As a result, he knew that if a 10-million-ton fusion weapon exploded 30 kilometers away, he would still be able to survive.

It was the actual involvement that made these people understand that this weapon is not as horrific as the media portrays it.

As for the fact that Big Ivan was able to make the Io-Eurasian plate move, one only needs to calculate the amount of energy needed and the energy released by Big Ivan, and it turns out that this is complete nonsense.

In fact, Big Ivan was an air explosion, and the height was high enough, and there were not even pits left on the ground.

Instead, because of the energy, the ground directly below the blast heart cracked and then bulged upward.

The 93-magnitude earthquake in Sumatra on December 26, 2004 released the equivalent of nine big ivans exploding at the same place at the same time, and the earth did not see any drops.

For the planet, this may be nothing more than a sneeze.

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