After Zhou Yu finished the meeting of the Science and Technology Committee, he and Academician Tian Kai came to the quantum computer laboratory of the Computer Research Institute.

Xinghuo Technology's most significant project now is the quantum computer project.

The quantum computer is divided into two parts, and Academician Tian Kai is responsible for the hardware part of the quantum computer.

Wei Tianpeng, director of the Institute of Basic Sciences, and Zhang Yunqiang, general manager of Xinghuo Intelligence, are in charge of the software part of the quantum computer.

Led by Wei Tianpeng, he is mainly responsible for quantum algorithms for quantum computers.

Since the invention of the computer, its role in promoting science and technology is obvious to all.

The classic supercomputer runs artificial intelligence technology, which makes the progress of Xinghuo Technology's scientific research projects much higher than that of other research units.

If a quantum computer with excellent parallel computing capabilities is developed, any scientific research project can be simulated through the powerful quantum simulation capabilities of quantum computers.

The gap between quantum computers and classical computers is so great that they are simply the difference between a horse-drawn carriage running on railroad tracks and a high-speed train.

In the 50s of the last century, when the classical computer was just invented by humans, scientists found that energy consumption would cause the chips in the computer to heat up, which greatly affected the integration of the chips, thereby limiting the running speed of the computer.

This is an important reason why Academician Tian Kai gave up graphene chips, which also belong to the classical computer structure.

Even if a graphene transistor consumes very little energy and dissipates heat very quickly, the heat generated by millions of transistors clustered on a tiny chip is staggering.

The computing structure and transistor material of classical computers fundamentally limit the development of classical computers.

Academician Zhou Yu and Academician Tian Kai walked to the laboratory and chatted about some knowledge of quantum computers.

The classical computer used today can also be regarded as a type of quantum computer, and the classical computer has irreversible operations in the calculation process, which is also the reason for its energy consumption.

Scientists have long identified this cause and have thought of ways to solve them.

All classical computers can find a reversible counterpart without compromising computing power.

Every step of the operation in a classic computer can be retrofitted to a reversible operation.

In reality, this idea is not possible due to the logic circuitry of classical computers, but quantum computers can.

This is a perfect fit for quantum mechanics, which is also the most fundamental principle of quantum computer development.

Quantum mechanics can be used to represent the computational process of a computer in a unitary transformation.

In a classical computer, the basic unit of information is bits, and the objects of operation are various sequences of bits.

In a quantum computer, the basic unit of information is the qubit, and the object of operation is the qubit sequence.

There is not much difference between the names of the two computer computing objects, but the difference in essence is very large.

Qubit sequences can be in a superposition of various orthogonal states not only in a superposition state, but also in an entangled state.

These special quantum states provide the most fundamental parallel computing capability of quantum computers.

In the process of computing data, the quantum computer can do arbitrary unitary transformation, and after obtaining the output state, the calculation result can be obtained by measurement.

A quantum computer transforms each superimposed component, all of which are done at the same time, and superimposed by a certain probability amplitude to give a result, which is called quantum parallel computing.

The most fundamental capability of quantum computers is that they have huge parallel computing capabilities.

Classical computers can only perform calculations in order, which is limited by the most basic structure of the logic operations completed by classical computers, the logic circuits of computers.

A logic circuit consisting of three or more gate logic can only be added in a basic order.

The Spark Technology Pangu-2 supercomputer needs to calculate 100 years of data. A quantum computer that only needs 30 qubits for 24 hours of operation.

Quantum computers perform huge parallel operations in addition to them. It can also simulate quantum phenomena.

The world is essentially composed of quanta, which can simulate quantum phenomena, and quantum computers can simulate any phenomenon in reality.

This effect is unattainable by classical computers, and artificial intelligence Mozi calculates a scientific experiment, which is essentially to compare big data and find the most likely results.

Quantum computers, on the other hand, can simulate 99.9999% of the phenomena that can be experimentally achievable once a truly usable quantum computer is developed.

Even simulating extreme environments that have never existed, experiments can achieve phenomena. Through quantum simulation experiments, it can generally be reproduced in reality as long as the conditions are met.

But to use this function, it requires a huge amount of computing power, and a paramecium is made up of astronomical quanta, and if you want to simulate it, it will produce more data than people think.

When using the quantum simulation function to calculate paramecium, it is necessary to calculate the morphology and trajectory of each quantum that makes up paramecium.

If you turn this into a mathematical problem, you will be able to calculate the huge Hilbert space. It will produce unrealistically astronomical figures.

There is, and can only be, quantum computers that can handle such huge amounts of data.

Academician Zhou Yu and Academician Tian Kai walked to the quantum computer laboratory, and he sighed: "Quantum theory is too complicated, and I only know some superficial theories, and I can't understand too deep theories at all."

Quantum mechanics is comparable to higher mathematics, it is an extremely abstract subject, and it is impossible to understand it without a high degree of abstract thinking.

I really admire Academician Tian, you are so old and can still achieve such great results by re-learning quantum mechanics. ”

Academician Tian Kai said modestly: "I only know a little about quantum mechanics, and my knowledge reserves in the field of quantum mechanics are really inferior to the young scientists in our laboratory.

For example, Zhang Wei, the director of our quantum computer laboratory, studied under Academician Pan Jianwei, a top expert in the field of quantum science in China.

His knowledge reserve is better than mine, and most of the achievements of quantum computers are developed by him. ”

Tian Kai did not take credit at all, his contribution to the quantum computer was only to propose the formation of this project and recruit talents to run this project.

He plays a coordinating role, especially in negotiating with quantum algorithm developers such as Wei Tianpeng.

Academician Tian Kai said with a smile: "Mr. Zhou, in fact, he only understands quantum mechanics, and does not study it in depth, so it is not very difficult.

I'll use a little story to help you understand quantum mechanics.

Suppose an atom placed in a magnetic field rotates like a spinning top, so its axis of rotation can be either pointing upwards or pointing downwards.

Common sense tells us that the rotation of atoms may be upward or downward, but not both.

But in the singular world of quantum, the atom is described as the sum of two states, one upward-turning atom and one downward-turning.

In the wonderful world of quantum, every object is described using the sum of all the incredible states.

This is also a famous problem in quantum mechanics, Schrödinger's cat. ”

"Schrödinger's cat, this is a well-known thought experiment."

With a smile on his face, Zhou Yu walked into the quantum computer lab, he didn't need to have a deep understanding of quantum theory, he just needed to know which theory was correct and support scientists on the right path.

Judging the right path, this is difficult for others, but it is not difficult for Zhou Yu at all, the technology tree in his mind can completely tell him which path is correct.