The construction of a modern economic system is a major strategic decision and deployment made by the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core from the overall situation of the cause of the Party and the country, focusing on the realization of the "two centenary" goals, and complying with the new requirements of socialism with Chinese characteristics entering a new era. General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed that the country is strong, and the economic system must be strong. Building a modern economic system is a major article, which is not only a major theoretical proposition, but also a major practical topic, which embodies in a concentrated way the urgent requirements of changing the mode of development, optimizing the economic structure, and changing the driving force of growth. It is necessary to profoundly understand the importance and arduousness of building a modern economic system, scientifically grasp the objectives and key points of building a modern economic system, and promote China's economic development to radiate new vitality and reach a new level.

The modern economic system is an organic whole composed of the interrelationships and internal connections of all links, levels and fields of social and economic activities. This economic system mainly includes the following aspects: First, the construction of an innovation-led, coordinated development of the industrial system, to achieve the real economy, scientific and technological innovation, modern finance, human resources coordinated development, so that the contribution of scientific and technological innovation in the development of the real economy continues to increase, the ability of modern financial services to the real economy continues to increase, and the role of human resources in supporting the development of the real economy continues to be optimized. Second, it is necessary to build a unified, open, competitive and orderly market system, realize unimpeded market access, open and orderly markets, full market competition, and standardized market order, and speed up the formation of a modern market system in which enterprises operate independently, compete fairly, consumers freely choose and consume independently, and commodities and factors flow freely and exchange equally. The third is to build an income distribution system that embodies efficiency and promotes fairness, so as to achieve reasonable income distribution, social fairness and justice, and common prosperity for all people, promote the equalization of basic public services, and gradually narrow the income distribution gap. Fourth, it is necessary to build an urban-rural regional development system that highlights advantages and coordinates linkage, realizes benign regional interaction, urban-rural integrated development, and overall optimization of land and sea, cultivates and gives full play to regional comparative advantages, strengthens regional complementary advantages, and shapes a new pattern of regional coordinated development. Fifth, we should build a resource-saving and environment-friendly green development system, realize green, circular and low-carbon development, and harmonious coexistence between man and nature, firmly establish and practice the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, and form a new pattern of harmonious development and modernization between man and nature. Sixth, we should build a diversified, balanced, safe and efficient comprehensive opening system, develop a higher-level open economy, and promote the transformation of opening up in the direction of optimizing structure, expanding depth and improving efficiency. Seventh, it is necessary to build an economic system that gives full play to the role of the market and gives better play to the role of the government. The above aspects are a unified whole, and they should be built and promoted as one. General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed that only by forming a modern economic system that conforms to China's national conditions and has Chinese characteristics can we better conform to the trend of modernization development, win the initiative in international competition, provide strong support for modernization in other fields, and lay a more solid and powerful material foundation for the realization of the people's yearning for a better life.

To promote high-quality development and build a modern economic system, we must firmly grasp the requirements of high-quality development, adhere to quality first and efficiency first, take supply-side structural reform as the main line, promote economic development quality change, efficiency change, and power change, improve total factor productivity, and strive to accelerate the construction of an industrial system with coordinated development of the real economy, scientific and technological innovation, modern finance, and human resources, and strive to build an economic system with effective market mechanisms, dynamic micro subjects, and moderate macro regulation and control. Continuously enhance the innovation and competitiveness of China's economy.

Vigorously develop the real economy and build a solid foundation for a modern economic system. The real economy is the foundation of a country's economy, the fundamental source of wealth creation, and an important pillar of a country's prosperity. It is necessary to deepen the supply-side structural reform, accelerate the development of advanced manufacturing industry, promote the deep integration of the Internet, big data and artificial intelligence with the real economy, promote the agglomeration of resource elements to the real economy, the tilt of policy measures to the real economy, and the strengthening of work force to the real economy, stimulate and protect the entrepreneurial spirit, carry forward the spirit of model workers and craftsmen, and create a down-to-earth, hard-working and entrepreneurial development environment and social atmosphere.

Accelerate the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy and strengthen the strategic support of the modern economic system. It is necessary to aim at the world's frontier of science and technology, strengthen basic research, and achieve major breakthroughs in forward-looking basic research and leading original achievements. Strengthen the construction of the national innovation system, strengthen strategic scientific and technological strength, promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and economic and social development, and shape more innovation-driven and first-mover advantage-led development. Cultivate a large number of strategic scientific and technological talents, scientific and technological leading talents, young scientific and technological talents and high-level innovation teams with international standards.

Implement the rural revitalization strategy and consolidate the important foundation of the modern economic system. Rural revitalization is a big game of chess, and in order to do a good job in this big game, we must adhere to the road of socialist rural revitalization with Chinese characteristics, so that agriculture can become a promising industry, farmers can become an attractive profession, and rural areas can become beautiful homes to live and work in peace and contentment. Establish and improve the institutional mechanisms and policy systems for the integrated development of urban and rural areas, and accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. Consolidate and improve the basic rural management system, deepen the reform of the rural land system, and improve the system of separation of "three rights" for contracted land. Maintain the stability and longevity of the land contract relationship, and extend it for another 30 years after the expiration of the second round of land contract. Deepen the reform of the rural collective property rights system, protect the property rights and interests of farmers, and strengthen the collective economy. Ensure national food security and firmly hold the Chinese's rice bowl in their own hands. Construct a modern agricultural industrial system, production system, and management system, improve the agricultural socialized service system, realize the organic connection between small farmers and the development of modern agriculture, promote the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas, and improve the rural governance system that combines autonomy, rule of law, and rule by virtue.

Actively promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas, and optimize the spatial layout of the modern economic system. Implement the strategy of coordinated regional development, increase efforts to support the accelerated development of old revolutionary areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas, and poverty-stricken areas, strengthen measures to promote the large-scale development of the western region to form a new pattern, deepen reform and accelerate the revitalization of old industrial bases such as the northeast, give full play to its advantages to promote the rise of the central region, take the lead in realizing the optimized development of the eastern region through innovation and leadership, and establish a more effective new mechanism for regional coordinated development. With urban agglomerations as the main body, we should build an urban pattern of coordinated development of large, medium, and small cities and small towns, and accelerate the urbanization of the rural transfer population. Promote the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and at the same time coordinate the development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Adhere to the overall planning of land and sea, and accelerate the construction of a maritime power.

Efforts should be made to develop an open economy and enhance the international competitiveness of the modern economic system. It is necessary to focus on the construction of the "Belt and Road", insist on paying equal attention to bringing in and going out, and form an open pattern of land and sea linkage at home and abroad, and mutual assistance between east and west. Expand foreign trade, cultivate new forms and models of trade, greatly relax market access, expand the opening up of the service industry, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of foreign investment. Optimize the layout of regional opening up and intensify the opening up of the western region. The pilot free trade zone will be given greater autonomy in reform, promote international cooperation in production capacity, form a global trade, investment and financing, production and service network, and accelerate the cultivation of new advantages in international economic cooperation and competition.

Deepen the reform of the economic system and improve the institutional guarantee for the modernization of the economic system. The reform of the economic system must focus on improving the property rights system and the market-oriented allocation of factors, resolutely eliminate the shortcomings of various systems and mechanisms, and stimulate the vitality of innovation and entrepreneurship in the whole society. It is necessary to improve the management system of various types of state-owned assets, promote the preservation and appreciation of state-owned assets, and promote the stronger, better and bigger state-owned capital; deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises, develop a mixed-ownership economy, and cultivate world-class enterprises with global competitiveness; Support the development of private enterprises and stimulate the vitality of various market entities. Deepen the reform of the commercial system, fully implement the negative list system for market access, accelerate the market-oriented reform of factor prices, and improve the market supervision system. Innovate and improve macroeconomic regulation and control, give full play to the strategic guiding role of the national development plan, improve the coordination mechanism of fiscal, monetary, industrial, regional, consumption, investment and other economic policies, accelerate the establishment of a modern financial system, deepen the reform of the taxation system, and deepen the reform of the financial system.