Topic:

1. The ancient Chinese motto: "Filial piety comes first". Since ancient times, Chinese have regarded parents raising children and children honoring their parents as the basic morality of being a human being. Confucius said: "Filial piety is the foundation of virtue." Only a person who honors his parents is a responsible and noble person.

In ancient times, filial piety had multiple meanings: "Parents are here, not far away"; "Three years without changing the way of the father, it can be described as filial piety"; "Today's filial piety is said to be able to raise. As for dogs and horses, they can all be raised; Disrespectful, why not?"; "There are three unfilial pieties, and no queen is great"; "Standing up and making a name for yourself, to show your parents, and the end of filial piety." …… In order to promote filial piety, the Confucian classics have compiled the "Book of Filial Piety", and the popular book "Twenty-four Filial Piety" is widely circulated among the people. The culture of filial piety has had a profound impact on Chinese society.

How do you evaluate traditional filial piety? How to inherit the traditional virtue of "filial piety" in modern society? What is the practical significance of advocating filial piety? (See pages 33-36 of the textbook.)

2. In the face of social chaos during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Confucius and Mozi both advocated the use of the prescription of "love" to heal. However, the love between the two of them is not the same. Confucius's love is benevolence, and Mozi's love is concomitant love.

"Benevolence" is to start from family affection, start from the side, from this and others, and push oneself and others. Specifically, love your own people first, and then love others; Love parents and children first, then love parents and villagers; Love the Chinese people first, and then love the ethnic minorities. In the words of the famous sociologist Fei Xiaotong, it is the ripple difference -- with "self" as the center, like a stone thrown into the water, and the social relationship with others is like a ripple, pushed out in a circle, pushing farther and farther, and thinner and thinner. That is, each Chinese determines the degree of intimacy with others according to the distance of their own blood relationship, or whether they are related by blood, which is the difference in love. Mozi's "concurrent love" is love that does not discriminate between relatives and relatives, high and low, rank, and differences. Regardless of parents and children, monarchs, nobles and commoners, Huaxia Yidi loves all the same. Mozi's love is a kind of fraternity similar to Christianity, but it was rebuked by Mencius as "fatherless and kingless".

Try to compare "benevolence" and "concurrent love" (see Yi Zhongtian's "The Controversy of the White Family of the Pre-Qin Princes")

3. Except for a few Confucians (such as Xunzi), most Confucians advocated that human nature is good, among which Mencius's theory of sexual goodness is the most representative. However, Legalists, especially Han Feizi, do not agree with the theory of sexual goodness, and have many discussions on the advantages and disadvantages of human nature.

Confucianism proceeds from the goodness of human nature, attaches importance to morality rather than law, and advocates the rule of the world by virtue; Legalists, on the other hand, proceed from human nature to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, attach importance to law rather than morality, and advocate the rule of law in the world. Confucius Ziyun: "The Tao is governed by government, and all are punished, and the people are free and shameless; The way is virtuous, all are courteous, shameful and decent" means that the result of criminal rule and the rule of law is that people "dare not do evil". The result of the rule of etiquette and virtue is that "I don't want to do evil". Which is better?

Try to compare the ideas of Confucianism and Legalism in governing the country.

Fourth, some people say: Chinese classical architecture is a wooden structure, and the West is a stone structure; Chinese architecture is collective, while in the West it is monolithic; Chinese architecture is in harmony with nature, Chinese live in a courtyard, while Westerners live in a house......

Combined with specific buildings, let's talk about the differences between Chinese and Western architecture and the causes

5. In the minds of ancient Chinese literati, tea was not just a drink, but its humanistic heritage went far beyond the scope of food culture. In their view, tea tasting embodies a life attitude, a spiritual pursuit, and an aesthetic taste. Tea makes people cleanse their hearts and lungs, wash away the dust, and embodies a simple, tranquil, incorruptible spirit and personality pursuit. Lao Tzu said: "Purity is the righteousness of the world." The "pure" characteristics of tea coincide with Chinese philosophical thought.

Please combine the experience of ancient and modern literati in tasting tea and sipping tea, and talk about the humanistic spirit symbolized by tea.