We immediately picked up the letter, and at that time, the owner of the former mountain Miao Village wrote to Hua Bo with only one sentence: "On the fifteenth night of this month, another person lowered his head and died. Vertex "

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The Legend of the Wood Butterfly:

It was a long time ago, in two small adjoining mountain villages, there lived two families: the Zhang and the Li. The family in the East Village is the Zhang family, and the family in the West Village is the Li family, and the two families have a far-reaching feud many years ago because of the land dispute, and the hatred has been passed down from generation to generation. There is a family surnamed Li in the West Village who makes a living by collecting and selling medicines, everyone calls him a pharmacist, and there is a beautiful girl in the pharmacist's family, and the girl's name is as beautiful as her appearance, called Butterfly. There is a descendant named Zhang Mu in the East Village, who not only looks like a tiger, but is also a well-known good hunter.

On this day, the sun was shining, the butterfly girl went up the mountain to collect medicine on her back pocket, and unconsciously went a little far, into the deep mountains, the medicine in the mountains is not only more, but also lush, the girl quickly picked a big back pocket, and was about to turn back, when suddenly a roar, ran out of a white-fronted tiger with hanging eyes in the oblique thorn, and went straight to the butterfly girl, the butterfly remembered that she only cared about collecting medicine, and forgot what her father said, "don't go too far" instructions. At this critical moment, a sharp arrow shot straight into the eye of the big tiger. The big tiger was killed, and the offspring who killed the big tiger was Zhang Mu of the East Village, so the young couple met and later fell in love with each other.

Because of the resentment between the two villages for generations, they can't get the approval of their parents and patriarchs, so they can only secretly love each other. The patriarch of the West Village had a son, and because he loved the beauty of butterflies, he wanted to marry her, and this marriage was settled without any twists and turns, which made his parents and the whole clan feel beautiful. The day of the wedding was the most lively day in the history of the West Village, and the whole clan was boiling with a glass to change the lamp. Late at night, the newlywed butterfly took advantage of everyone's sleepiness, bypassed her drunken husband, and secretly escaped, and together with Zhang Mu, who was waiting for him outside the village, she was ready to flee into the distance. He didn't go far out of the village before he was caught by the clansmen who came to chase him with torches. The patriarch and the chief's son were furious, and the whole clan could not tolerate that their most beautiful daughter should elope with the enemy. According to the clan rules, the butterfly and Zhang Mu were burned alive in the courtyard of the family ancestral hall. In the midst of the flames, a lot of translucent butterflies flew out like flying flotsam, and the translucent butterflies flew into a long honey locust and hid as if they were a little afraid. Legend has it that it was the embodiment of Zhang Mu and the butterfly, so people later called the tree with a long honey locust-like tree Wood Butterfly.

Wood butterfly, there is a rare tree in the south, the requirements for water and soil are quite high, some have grown for decades but the thickness of the bowl mouth, do not bear seeds, only the trees that grow luxuriantly can give birth to dagger-sized pods, the seeds in the pod are oblate, there is a pair of yellow-white membranous wings at the edge, thin as silk, transparent and crystalline, after unfolding the shape like a fluttering butterfly, so it is named wood butterfly, also called jade butterfly, this thing tastes sweet, bitter, cool nature, belongs to the liver, stomach, lung meridian, can be good for pharyngeal moistening lungs, soothing liver and stomach, It has a miraculous effect on the diseases of the liver, stomach and lungs, but because it is extremely rare, it is also called "three hundred taels of silver medicine" in the Han region, and the price is expensive, but it is not something that ordinary people can afford.

--Excerpt from "The Story of Traditional Chinese Medicine"

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Wood butterflies

1 alias

Broken old story, mille-feuille paper, wood butterfly, jade butterfly, thousand pieces of paper, cloud old paper, jade butterfly, white old paper, sea ship skin, etc.

2 Overview

Wood butterfly is the most commonly used Chinese medicinal material.

This product is the dried mature seeds of the Asteraceae plant Wood Butterfly [Oroxylum indicum(L.) vent.]. Included in the 1990 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China.

Wood butterfly was first published in Lan Mao's "Southern Yunnan Materia Medica" in the Ming Dynasty, formerly known as a thousand pieces of paper; The name of the wood butterfly is recorded in the "Compendium of Materia Medica", and this name is often used today. "Southern Yunnan Materia Medica" describes: "Thousands of pieces of paper, this wood is like lentils and big, the middle is like a paper, thin like cicada wings, and the pieces are full of pieces, so it has the name of a thousand pieces of paper." Enter the umbilical meridian, fix asthma, and eliminate phlegm; Enter the spleen and stomach meridians, break the Gu accumulation, pass through the twelve meridians of qi and blood, and remove blood Gu and qi Gu poison for a long time. It can also replenish deficiency, widen the middle, and eat, and the ethnic areas call it three hundred taels of silver medicine, and the cover is effective in curing Gu. The origin, use and experience of ethnic medicine of wood butterfly were summarized more completely. Zhao Xuemin of the Qing Dynasty recorded the name of "wood butterfly" for the first time in the "Compendium of Materia Medica", pointing out that the wood butterfly "is out of Guangzhong, it is a tree, a piece of light as a reed coat film, white like a butterfly, hence the name." And the clinical application of this product is summarized: "Treatment of liver pain: use twenty or thirty sheets." The copper cho is roasted and ground finely, and the wine is well adjusted. Carbuncle paste: Xiang Qiuziyun: ...... Where the carbuncle poison is not closed, it is pasted in this way, that is, it is collected. Treat the lower part of the damp heat. "These are the rare experiences of the predecessors who applied wood butterflies.

There are also different records of the sexual taste and return of the wood butterfly to the scriptures, and the function and the main rule of the past dynasties. For example, "Southern Yunnan Materia Medica": "Into the lungs, spleen, kidney meridians." "Lingnan Herb Collection": "The taste is sour and bitter". "Into the liver meridian". "Cure phlegm and fire, and remove eye heat." "Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine": "The taste is sweet and light, cool and non-toxic. "Yunnan Tongzhi": "Burning to ashes can cure gas pain." This further clarifies and summarizes the sexual taste and function of wood butterflies, and also shows that this product is widely used and worthy of in-depth research and utilization.

3. Distribution of production areas

Wood butterflies are mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou; It is also distributed in Sichuan, Guangdong, and Fujian. Yunnan and Fujian have small areas of cultivation. It is mainly produced in Pu'er, Gengma, Zhenkang, Jinghong, Yuanjiang, Maguan, Funing, Lincang, Shuangjiang, Yongde, Baoshan, Mengla, Pingbian, Menglian, Luxi; Guangxi Yongning, Wuming, Pingxiang, Binyang, Fusui, Chongzuo, Ningming, Longzhou, Longan, Huanjiang, Nandan, Bama, Pingnan, Qinzhou, Baise, Leye, Napo, Tianlin, Hechi, Tianyang, Jingxi, Yishan, Laibin, Pingguo, Xilin, Du'an, Lingyun; Guizhou Xingyi, Ziyun, Zhenfeng, Luodian, Caiheng, Zhenning, Lingling, Anlong; Sichuan Panzhihua, Yanbian, Fengjie, Yanting, Huili, Chongqing, Pingwu, Dechang, Tongjiang, Miyi; Guangdong Longmen, Yangchun, Yangjiang, Taishan, Lianjiang, Xinyi, Chaozhou, Chaoyang, Raoping, Huidong, Yunan, Qionghai, Tunchang

, Danxian, Changjiang, Baisha, Baoting, Ledong, Qiongzhong; Fujian Yongchun, Xiangcheng.

4. Morphological characteristics

Arbor, 7.5-12 meters high. The bark is thick and has bark pores. Leaves large, opposite, 3-4 pinnate compound leaves, 40-160 cm long, 20-80 cm wide; The leaflets are numerous, the leaflets are thick papery, elliptic to broadly ovate, entire, green above, pale green below, and no * hairs on both sides. racemes apical, calyx bell-shaped, apex truncated, persistent, hypertrophied; corolla orange-red, bell-shaped, apex 5 shallowly lobed, lobes varying in size; Stamens 5, flower disc large, fleshy. Capsule flattened, broadly linear, drooping, 30-90 cm long, 5-8.5 cm wide, apex acuminate, base wedge-shaped, margins slightly inward-curved, with a slightly protruding dorsal slit in the middle, petals woody, turning from blue-green to tan when ripe, dehisced along the ventral suture. There are many kinds of seeds, the seeds are 6-7.5 cm long and 3.5-4 cm wide with wings, and they are surrounded by wings except for the base.

5. Ecological environment

Wood butterflies grow in warm, moist mountain slopes, streams, valleys, meadows, forest edges or shrubs below 1,000 meters above sea level, and the soil is loose and moist.

6. Biological characteristics

Young trees prefer shade, and adult trees prefer full sunshine. The average annual temperature suitable for growth is about 20C, the frost-free period is more than 300 days, the annual rainfall is more than 1000 mm, and the relative humidity of the air is 70-80%. It grows well in loose, fertile and moist soils, and does not grow well in poor, arid or poorly drained soils. The flowering period is from August to October, and the fruiting period is from October to December.

7. Growth habits

Prefers sunny, warm, humid climates.

8. Growth cycle

Perennial tree.

9. Harvesting and processing

1. Harvest Harvest in autumn and winter when the fruit is ripe. Generally, it is better to harvest the fruit in winter when the shell is black-brown.

2. Processing After harvesting, the fruit is exposed to the sun or baked until the wooden pods crack on their own, tear the pods, take out the seeds, and dry or dry them in time. Do not peel off the pod before it cracks on its own, take out the seeds to dry or dry, otherwise, the seeds are not only not good in color, but also easy to be blown away by the wind. During the exposure or baking process, do not be exposed to the rain or the baking temperature is too high, otherwise, the color of this product will turn yellow. Pay attention to prevent the membrane fin from wrinkling, so as not to affect the specification and quality of the finished product.

10. Storage and maintenance

Wood butterflies are generally compressed and packed, 40 kg each, stored in a ventilated and dry place, with a temperature below 30C and a relative humidity of 70-75%. The product is safe with a moisture level of 10-14%.

This variety of kernels is rich in fatty oils, and rats like to steal food. The color deepens after oiling. After being damp, mold grows, and the wings are damaged.

During storage, it should be checked regularly, and it can be sealed for storage or oxygen and nitrogen for maintenance.

11 Form Factor Specifications

Medicinal properties:

The wood butterfly is a butterfly-shaped flake, and the seed coat extends into broad and thin wings on three sides except the base. 5-8 cm long and 3.5-4.5 cm wide. The surface is light yellowish-white, the wings are translucent, silky luster, with radial textures, and the edges are often cracked. The body is light, and the seed coat is peeled off, and a thin layer of endosperm can be seen tightly wrapped around the cotyledons. Cotyledons 2, butterfly-shaped, yellow-green or yellow, 1-1.5 cm long. Odorless, slightly bitter in taste. It is better to be white, soft, large and complete, and shiny.

Specifications:

Guangxi is divided into 2 grades: the first level requires dry feet, white color, no wrinkles, no water stains, no mildew; The second level requires dry feet, slightly green color, wrinkles, no water stains, and no mildew. Guizhou local standards require a dry body, large and complete, white in color, soft wings, shiny, loose and light bubbles, regardless of grade.

At present, no confusion has been found in the wood butterfly, and some mistakenly call this product "broken paper", resulting in the phenomenon of mixing with psoralen.

12. Sexual taste function

Wood butterflies are cool, bitter and sweet in taste. Return to the lungs, liver, and stomach meridians. It has the functions of clearing the lungs and throat, soothing the liver and stomach. It is used for pulmonary fever cough, laryngeal paralysis, hoarseness, liver and stomach pain.

Main ingredients:

Fatty oils, baicalin, carenin, carenoside, carryposide, chrysanthin, etc.

13. Authenticity identification

The seeds are butterfly-shaped flakes, and the seed coat is extended on three sides into broad and thin wings, 5-8 cm long and 3.4-4.6 cm wide. The surface is pale yellowish-white, the wings are translucent, with silky luster and radial texture, and the edges are often cracked. The body is light, and a thin layer of endosperm can be seen when the seed coat is peeled off, which is tightly wrapped around the embryo. Cotyledons 2, butterfly-shaped, yellow-green or light yellow, 1-1.5 cm in diameter. The radicle is distinct. The seed stalk is linear, black, and located at the base. There is no gas, and the taste is slightly bitter. It is better to be white, shiny, and soft as silk.

Microscopic identification:

Wing cross-section: a row of upper and lower epidermal cells (superficially long fibrous with wavy thickening walls). There is a row of grid-like cells under the upper and lower epidermal cells, and the cells are long cylindrical, containing oil droplets and mesophyllin. The palisade tissue is a sponge tissue, with oval or irregular cells, containing oil droplets and starch granules, and a fine vascular bundle distribution.

14 Planting Techniques

15. Supply and demand

Development prospects:

Wood butterfly is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of application, and has unique characteristics in the treatment of liver disease, stomach disease and surgical sores, etc., and is a species worthy of research and development, with immeasurable development potential. Therefore, the protection of resources should be strengthened, and the harvest should be carried out reasonably, especially the relevant departments in the main producing areas, and the protection of wood butterfly resources should be included in the agenda; Combined with forest medicine, the development of wood butterfly production, under the coordination of the medicine and forestry departments, continue to vigorously carry out cultivation to gradually realize wild varieties and ensure the need for medicine; In the past, there was little research on wood butterflies, and in the future, it is necessary to strengthen the research on ingredients, pharmacology, new use tests and quality, formulate commodity standards and specifications, strictly purchase quality, and ensure the needs of drug use.

Production and sales from the 60s to the 80s:

The distribution area of wood butterflies is small, and the commodities are mainly provided by the collection of wild resources in Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou and other provinces and regions. The annual demand for wood butterflies in China is about 150,000 kilograms, but the normal annual purchase volume is only 2-30,000 kilograms (of which Yunnan accounts for 52.9%), and the contradiction between production and sales is very prominent. Yunnan Province purchased 18,000 kg in 1957, 7,900 kg in 1960, and 22,400 kg in 1965; Since 1970, the number of acquisitions has been declining year by year

By 1983, only 6,500 kilograms were purchased, which became the lowest level in history, mainly due to the destruction of wild resources and the decrease in reserves year by year.

16 Pharmacopoeia standards

2015 edition of Pharmacopoeia standards:

This product is a fern family plant wood butterfly oroxylum indtcumcl.) vent. Ripe fruits are harvested in autumn and winter, exposed to the sun until the fruits crack, the seeds are removed, and dried.

【Character】This product is a butterfly-shaped flake, which is extended into wide and thin wings on three sides except the base, 5~8cm long, 3.5~4.5cm wide, the surface is light yellowish-white, the wings are translucent, silk-like luster, there are radial textures, and the edges are cracked. The body is light, the seed coat is removed, and a film-like endosperm can be seen tightly wrapped around the cotyledons. Cotyledons 2, butterfly-shaped, yellow-green or yellow, long diameter 1~l.5 slightly airy, slightly bitter taste.

【Identification】(1) This product is powdery yellow or yellow-green, the seed wings are fine and fibrous, the wall is wavy and thickened, the endosperm cells with a diameter of 20~40μm are polygonal, and the wall is rosary-like thick.

(2) take 0.1g of powder of this product, add 25ml of methanol, sonicate for 30 minutes, filter, and take the filtrate as the test solution. In addition, xylloperidin B reference substance and baicalin reference substance were added, and methanol was added to make a solution containing and lmg per 1 ml respectively as a control solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (General 0502) test, absorb 5μ1 of each of the above three solutions, respectively point on the same polyamide film, use acetic acid as the developing agent, expand, take out, dry, and place the ultraviolet lamp (365nm) for inspection. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots of the same color are displayed at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the reference substance; Spray with 1% ferric chloride ether solution to show the same dark green spots in sunlight.

[Inspection] moisture shall not exceed 6.0% (General rule 0832 second law).

【Leachables】According to the hot soak method under the alcohol-soluble leachables determination method (General rule 2201), 70% ethanol is used as the solvent, which shall not be less than 20.0%.

【Content determination】Determined by high performance liquid chromatography (General rule 0512).

Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test with octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as filler; methanol-water-phosphoric acid (42:58:0.2) was used as the mobile phase; The detection wavelength is 276mn. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 2000 according to the calculation of the B peak of xylphigoside.

Preparation of reference solution Take an appropriate amount of xylloside B reference substance, weigh it accurately, and add 50% methanol to make a solution containing 0.10mg per love ml.

Preparation of test solution Take the powder of this product (through the second sieve), weigh it accurately, place it in a plugged Erlenmeyer flask, add 50ml of methanol accurately, weigh it, heat and reflux it for 1 hour, let it cool, weigh it again, make up for the weight loss with methanol, shake it well, filter it, and take the filtrate.

Determination method 10μ1 of the reference solution and the test solution were accurately absorbed, injected into the liquid chromatograph, and determined.

This product is calculated as a dry product, and the content of xylloside B (C27H30O15) shall not be less than 2.0%.

【Sexual taste and meridians】Bitter, sweet, cool. Return to the lungs, liver, and stomach meridians.

【Function and Indications】Clears the lungs and throat, soothes the liver and stomach. It is used for pulmonary fever cough, laryngeal paralysis, hoarseness, liver and stomach pain.

[Usage and dosage] 1~

[Storage] in a ventilated and dry place.

17 Clinical Applications

【Sexual taste】

Bitter, cold.

1 "Lingnan Medicine Collection": "The taste is sour and bitter. "

2 "Compilation of Medicinal Materials": "The taste is bitter and cold. "

3 "Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine": "Sweet and light, cool and non-toxic. "

【Return】

into the lungs and liver meridians.

1 "Southern Yunnan Materia Medica": "Into the lungs, spleen, stomach meridians." "

2 "Lingnan Medicine Collection": "Into the liver meridian." "

【Indications】

Moistens the lungs, soothes the liver, and stomach, and builds muscles. Treatment of cough, laryngeal paralysis, hoarseness, liver and stomach pain, and non-sore mouth. The treatment of dry cough is not only often accompanied by prunella vulgaris.

1 "Yunnan Tongzhi": "Burning to ashes can cure heart pain." "

2 "Southern Yunnan Materia Medica": "Fix asthma, eliminate phlegm, break Gu accumulation, and remove the poison of blood Gu and qi Gu." It can also make up for deficiency, widen the middle, and eat. "

3 "Compendium Notes": "Cure heart qi pain, liver qi pain, and lower dampness and heat." Another item of Qiu Ziyun, where carbuncle poison does not close, so paste it. "

4 "Lingnan Medicine Collection": "Eliminate phlegm and fire, remove eye heat." "

5 "Modern Practical Chinese Medicine": "Antitussive, treatment of whooping cough and dry bronchitis." "

6 "Compilation of Medicinal Materials": "Treatment of throat aphonia." "

7. The Guangzhou Army's "Handbook of Commonly Used Chinese Herbal Medicine": "Clear the lungs and heat and improve the throat." Treatment of acute and chronic bronchitis, tuberculosis, cough, sore throat, tonsillitis. "

【Dosage】

Internal: decoction, 2~3 money; or grinding. Topical: Compress.

【Storage】

Place in a ventilated and dry place.

【Attached】

1. Treatment of dry cough, hoarseness, sore throat and sore throat: 2.4 grams of wood butterfly, 9 grams of fat sea, 3 grams of cicada, 5 grams of licorice, appropriate amount of rock sugar. Water decoction. (Sun Yat-sen Medical College "Clinical Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine" Wood Butterfly Soup)

2. Cure long-term cough and hoarseness: a. 5 grams of wood butterfly, 9 grams of scrophularia. Serve with water decoction and rock sugar. b. 6 grams of wood butterfly, 3 grams of Zhejiang fritillary, 9 grams of chrysanthemum. and rock sugar stew. (Fujian Pharmaceutical Journal)

3. Treatment of chronic pharyngitis: 3 grams of wood butterfly, 9 grams of honeysuckle, chrysanthemum, sand cucumber, and wheat winter. Decoction water instead of tea. (Hong Kong Chinese Herbal Medicine)

4. Treatment of liver pain: twenty or thirty pieces of wood butterflies, roasting and grinding on the copper. Good wine concoctions. (Compendium Notes)

5. Treatment of central retinitis: 6 grams of wood butterfly, 30 grams of iron broom with truncated leaves, and 1 duck liver. Serve with water stew. (Fujian Pharmaceutical Journal)

6. Treatment of acute bronchitis, whooping cough, etc.: one penny for wood butterfly, three coins for Annanzi, one penny for bellflower five cents, one penny for licorice, three coins for mulberry white bark, and three coins for coltsfoot. Fry in water, add three taels of rock sugar, dissolve in the liquid medicine, make syrup, several times a day, and take it frequently. ("Modern Practical Chinese Medicine" cough syrup)