As the days passed, the number of victims continued to increase, and so did the news from the outside. Due to drought and locust plagues, there are many places where people are struggling to make ends meet. There are many places in Shaanxi to raise the banner of uprising, there are Wang Zuohang of Yichuan, Gao Yingxiang of Ansai, Zhang Cunmeng of Luochuan, Wang Daliang of Helan and so on. The eighteen villages of Lijiapo exist in the cracks of many fortresses in the Qinling Mountains, and it is difficult to survive. Now there are wars and disasters outside, and I don't know when it will be contaminated with the eighteen villages. Therefore, not only the victims, but also the leaders, all want to pull the banner of the tiger and strengthen their prestige by themselves, so as not to be impacted.

The population of the village is increasing day by day, and the original place of residence is extremely small. Under the suggestion of Bingzhong, the owner of the village, Du Heng, retreated the dwellings and rebuilt the walled gate; looking at this battle as a cottage, the tunju should be counted by tens of millions of people, and all the residents were evacuated to the gourd valley, the original residential area was used as a barracks, and the small village gate in front was used as a tooth city, and the distance from the mouth of the gourd valley was far away, and there were about ten zhang away to make a wall-like walled gate, and the gourd intersection could just be hidden in it. In fact, if you really want to make the eighteen villages easy to defend and difficult to attack, you still have to rely on self-sufficiency and strong troops. Bingzhong rearranged the affairs of the major leaders: first of all, the two Vajra long-haired Dao Chang and the five Vajra long-legged generals led the young and middle-aged people to practice martial arts, the three Vajra thin monks and the Seven Vajra Tibetan Gods were responsible for building cottage gates and weapons, etc., and the Four Vajra legging kings led the children to travel on the left and right sides of each crossing. In addition to guerrilla interception outside, the Six Vajra Flower Tongues and the Eight Vajra One-Eyed cooperate with the affairs of the thin monk and the Tibetan god in their spare time, as well as the breeding and grazing of the six animals and the cultivation of fertile land. Du Heng, the owner of the village, is in charge of all things and counts the baggage equipment and the management of the birth and breeding of the six animals, and he and the long-haired Taoist are responsible for building a unique formation and team belonging to the village. For a while, the big guys inside and outside the village seemed to be in full swing. When Bingzhong inspected the cottage, he found that the training of the army was very chaotic, and it was not known whether it was because the members were disaster victims and vagrants, or because the two leaders did not know how to do it. So Bingzhong found the "Second Chief General" and said: I see that the training of soldiers has been very loose recently, and there is no fixed place and team. If you two can't find a way, I can teach you a simple one. It is just to tie the colored cloth at home to the bamboo pole to make a flag, and every group of twenty-four people stands behind a flagpole for training. This is called the flag planting wind, and when the training is orderly, I will call you some other functions. The two of them heard Bingzhong say that such a method was very simple, so they nodded in praise. In a few days, the training began to be in a good way.

When I returned to the tent hall, I met Du Heng, the owner of the village, leading all the minions to count the heavy horses and grain in the village. As soon as the steward below heard that it was the military advisor questioning, he immediately replied: In the past two or three years, the horses, donkeys and mules that have been freely bred and raised together are less than fifty or sixty, and the grain could have been enough to eat for a year and a half, but with the increase in the number of people taken in, we can spend this year with a full load, and if this year's harvest can continue, we can only keep the rations of the current year every year, and there is no surplus. The amount of land that was originally reclaimed and the land that is now being reclaimed can reach 50 or 60 acres, and if all grain is planted next year, it should be able to be used for stockpiling. For the breeding of six animals, only local chickens breed faster, and other pigs, dogs, cattle and sheep can only be ...... slowly. Oh! After listening to the steward's report, Xiao Liuzi's brows couldn't help frowning. I thought to myself that if there was no war or harassment, it would take two or three years for such a peaceful birth to be sufficient, and if it was harassed by disasters or other powerful fortresses, it would be more than lucky. As your village grows bigger and bigger, it will also become a piece of fat in front of everyone. Therefore, Xiao Liuzi was thinking in his heart that when the recruits were well trained, they would definitely be pulled out to harass other places, so as to strengthen their reputation, and they must not become soft buns and be slaughtered by others. So he immediately found Du Heng, the owner of the village, and said his suggestion, and the owner of the village nodded and said: Mr. Jing Xuan is indeed the best thing to take precautions. Where and how to attack, you and the second King Kong long-haired Taoist to discuss and decide, we will fully cooperate. As the so-called family has a big business, it also seeks self-protection. If you can't give everyone a stable place to live, everyone will wander all over the world, suffering from food and clothing, and life is better than death!

In ancient times, although cold weapons were the mainstay, there were quite a lot of types of weapons. In ancient times, the division of labor in the army was very fine, and the combat soldiers would be divided into infantry, cavalry, sailors, chariots, etc., and the weapons were divided into bows and crossbows, knives and guns, sticks, etc., and they also paid attention to practicing standing in line and arranging formations before the battle, and the content was very complicated. In ancient times, it was required that after all the soldiers and generals went to the battlefield, they should cooperate closely, adapt to the battle situation, coordinate their movements, actively participate in the battle, not fight for the first place, not retreat alone, and all 10,000 people must work together, and the whole army must move in unison, so as to give full play to its combat capability. In order to familiarize the soldiers with the command of the flag and the drums, many times the trainees will distinguish between the flags and the drums. This can be said to be the primary learning task of ancient soldiers after joining the army, and generals at all levels must assess this task. In ancient times, all kinds of orders and military laws and disciplines were compiled into a booklet and distributed to all soldiers, and those who knew how to read and write should read by themselves, and those who did not know how to read should listen to the reading of the words in the ranks, and they must be all memorized. If you have committed a crime, you will be exempted from being beaten if you can recite a piece of military discipline. In ancient times, there was a training program that was the same as now, that is, to train the formation of soldiers, train soldiers to obey orders absolutely, and ensure that military orders are like mountains and everyone obeys them. In ancient times, generals and soldiers at all levels used different military flags, clothing, and insignia as distinguishing signs. Although formation training is not difficult, it is the basic item of various training, so the requirements are very strict. Soldiers who advance and retreat without hearing orders during training are punished for the same crimes as violating training regulations. Moreover, in ancient times, it was required that whether it was with knives and guns or climbing the city walls, it was necessary to have good physical strength and be very flexible. Therefore, after joining the army, ancient soldiers had to exercise with weights to enhance their physical strength, and each ancient weapon had to be trained hard at all times.

The bow and arrow is the primary weapon in the ancient weapons, and the soldiers of the Song Dynasty required "two points to practice the bow, six points to practice the crossbow, and the remaining two points to practice the gun card". Boxing was also included in the training content in ancient times, because if the weapon was lost or damaged, it was inevitable to fight with the enemy. It can be seen that although the training content of ancient soldiers is similar to that of today, there are many differences. Since the Ming Dynasty, there has been a distinction between the regular army and the recruiting brave. The change of each dynasty seems to be related to the alternation of these two forces.

Finally, of course, the training of formations, which is a kind of battle formation configuration in the ancient era of cold weapons, has important practical combat significance. Under the conditions of short-handed combat in ancient wars, it was produced in order to require unified command and coordinated actions on the battlefield. Ancient China paid great attention to formations, and there were books passed down from generation to generation. The definition of "array" is as follows: The so-called "array" means that when the army is engaged in battle, it arranges a battle formation according to the specific conditions of the terrain, the strength of the enemy and us, and so on, starting with the basic one soldier, one army, and one column, and all the way to the whole army, so as to "set up a military rank, set a rank, and be vertical and horizontal." In other words, a formation is the arrangement and combination of various battle formations. The earliest formations are believed to have originated in the hunting activities of primitive societies.

During the Warring States Period, "Sun Bin Art of War" collected the culmination of the ancestors, and summarized the ancient formations before the Spring and Autumn Period into ten formations. These "ten arrays" are the square array, the circle array, the sparse array, the several arrays, the cone array, the goose-shaped array, the hook array, the Xuanxiang array, the water array, the fire array, etc. The water array and the fire array talk about the tactics of water warfare and fire warfare, not a simple battle formation, so Sun Bin actually has only eight basic battle formations. The phalanx is the most basic formation of the army in the era of cold weapons. The large phalanx is composed of small phalanxes, which is called "the formation in the array", Sun Bin believes that the phalanx should be "thin and thick", that is, the strength in the center of the phalanx is small, and the troops around it are more. There are few troops in the middle, and you can bluff. There are many troops around, which can better defend against the enemy's attack, and the phalanx is a relatively balanced formation of attack and defense. The command and other golden drum flags are generally deployed at the rear of the phalanx. The wings are weak and suitable for attacking. (In the Battle of Jingcheng, Han Xin used a square formation, surrounded by water on three sides, to prevent the soldiers from escaping and the enemy's outflanking, and used 30,000 old and weak to defeat the enemy's 200,000 troops). The circle formation is for ring defense. The Golden Drum Banner was deployed in the center and had no obvious weaknesses. The sparse formation is the evacuation of the battle formation, and the square formation and the circle formation can be dredging into the sparse formation. The sparse formation increased the distance between the ranks, through many tree flags, weapons, straw men, and more torches at night, showing strong strength with a small number of troops. Several formations are dense battle formations, concentrating on defense and attack. The cone formation is the forward such as the cone of the battle formation, the cone formation must be sharp and fast, the two wings are strong and powerful, can attack the enemy in a narrow front through the elite forward, break through, cut the enemy's formation, the two wings expand the results, is a formation that emphasizes the offensive breakthrough, the cone formation is also called the peony formation. In the battle to capture the flag in the barracks, Bingzhong used this small formation. The goose-shaped formation, the so-called goose-shaped formation, is a kind of horizontal deployment, the left and right wings are arranged forward or backward echelons of the battle formation, the forward is a "V" shape, just like the ape's arms stretched forward, is a kind of formation used to outflank the roundabout, but the defense of the rear is relatively weak. If the two wings are more mobile cavalry, then when stationary, they can get the protection and support of the infantry in the center, and can give full play to the power of the attacking cavalry to increase the suddenness. Alexander's battle in India was an approximation of such a formation. Hook formation, the front of the hook formation is a phalanx, and the two wings are bent backwards into a hook shape to protect the safety of the flanks and prevent the enemy from attacking the rear command of the golden drum in a roundabout way. The Xuanxiang Array, as the name suggests, is a formation that confuses people. This is a kind of false formation to confuse the enemy, the queue is very far apart, most of the flags, the drums are constantly beating, simulating the sound of troop vehicles marching, and the sound of foot soldiers is noisy, as if the army is huge, and uses various methods to deceive the enemy. What is embarrassing is that in this aspect of research, in later history, it was the Japanese who occupied the leading position, and in many Japanese Three Kingdoms games and films, we can see the shadow of Sun Bin Shijin. During the Three Kingdoms period, after Zhuge Liang entered Shu to pacify the Southern Barbarians, the main combat object of the Shu army was mainly Cao Wei's infantry cavalry combined troops, and the combat area was mainly mountainous, and Shu lacked horses, so Zhuge Liang rehearsed the "Eight Formations". The Eight Formations were actually formations that had existed long before the Three Kingdoms era. Sun Tzu has eight formations, and Sun Bin also has the "Eight Formations" chapter in "Sun Bin Art of War", and the eight formations are commonly used in combat training in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang proceeded from the reality of Shu infantry as the main force, innovated the real formation on the basis of the original ancient eight formations, drew the formation map, and finally formed the "eight formation map" to train the Shu army. The so-called formation diagram is to draw the formation into a figure, draw it on the brocade, paper, on the ground or pile it up with sand and gravel to form an intuitive physical object, which is the formation diagram. Zhuge Liang's text recording the formation has not been handed down, and the eight formation diagram has been lost in the Tang Dynasty. But it is said that Zhuge Liang once made eight formations of stones, it is said that the remains of the eight eight sixty-four piles of stones by the fish belly river, is the eight formations left by Zhuge Liang, combined with a few words about Zhuge Liang's eight formations, for reasonable simulation, modern soldiers believe that the eight formations are a kind of group phalanx, each eight formations have eight small formations distributed in the eight directions around the central formation, the center of the eight formations is the general, the golden drum banner, and the soldiers and horses directly under it, this is the middle formation. Each small array has code names such as heaven, earth, wind, clouds, dragons, tigers, birds, snakes, etc. This is the saying in "Li Tang Asks Right" that "the number of formations is nine", so the Song Dynasty also called the eight formations the nine army formations. The formation of each direction is six small formations, the middle formation is sixteen small formations, and the entire large phalanx has a total of sixty-four small formations, which is just in line with the number of eight eight sixty-four piles of stone relics in the fish belly river. After the large phalanx, there may be twenty-four small formations composed of rangers, for a total of eighty-eight small formations. These small phalanxes can be cavalry, infantry, convoys, composed of dozens to hundreds, the front row is the crossbowman, the middle is the long weaponman, and the back row is the short weaponman (sometimes the order is also different) Eight formations in order to delay the enemy's attack, give full play to the power of the Shu army's crossbowmen, and also set up obstacles such as rushing cars, antlers, and thistles when defending. Zhuge Eight Formations belong to defensive formations, the advantage is that there is no weakness in deployment, any direction is attacked, the overall large array does not need to make fundamental changes, one is attacked, the two adjacent formations can automatically become two wings, protecting and supporting the attacked array. But the shortcomings are also obvious, first of all, such a complex Zhuge Eight Formation requires a lot of time to train, and the mobility is poor, in order to maintain the integrity of the formation, it is not allowed to run when it is forward, and it is not allowed to run when it is backward. This is the "front is the back, the future is the front, there is no speed in the front, and there is no retreat" in "Li Tang Asks the Right Question". Therefore, the eight formations are a very conservative formation of defensive nature. Without a big defeat, it is also difficult to achieve a big victory. Zhuge Liang went out of Qishan six times, and Jiang Wei also attacked Wei many times, without major defeats and no major victories, and it cannot be said that it has nothing to do with the Shu army's use of eight formations to fight.

But personally, I think that the above is only the basis or prototype of the Zhuge Eight Formations, because relying on such a rigid formation, it seems impossible to contend with Cao Wei for decades without a major defeat with the weak strength of the Shu State, and it is not commensurate with the position of the Zhuge Eight Formations that has been praised for thousands of years, and the combat area belongs to the mountainous environment, and the Eight Formations are more suitable for infantry to fight ...... in the plains. Therefore, I personally believe that there should be many changes in the Zhuge Eight Formation, and when there are restrictions on the position, such as ditches and trees, they should be adjusted according to the actual situation. Moreover, when marching, there should be various changes in formation when attacking, but due to the limitation of information, it is quite ......difficult to study Zhuge Liang's eight formations more deeply. Moreover, I personally believe that the so-called Zhuge Eight Formations is not only a combat formation, but through the training of the "Eight Formations", the Shu Army's operational guiding ideology, establishment, and training will be infiltrated into the Shu Army. And Li Jing in the Tang Dynasty was based on the Zhuge Eight Arrays and trained the Six Flower Arrays. The so-called six-flower array is a formation like "six flowers". The Chinese army is in the center, the Chinese army is distributed around the front army, the left army, the left Yu Hou army, the rear army, the right army, the right Yu Hou army, according to the "Li Wei Gong asks right" record, the six flower formations have a circle formation, a square formation, a curved formation, a vertical formation, a sharp formation and other formations, these five formations each have five changes, a total of 25 changes, the general can adopt different formations according to different enemy conditions, terrain, offensive and defensive needs. This is also one of the reasons why I think Zhuge Liang's "Eight Arrays" will have various changes. The Song Dynasty was threatened by the nomads in the north, and lacked sufficient quantity and quality of cavalry, in order to counter the nomadic cavalry with the main force of infantry on the plain. Therefore, among the dynasties, the Song Dynasty is the dynasty that attaches the most importance to the array....... However, the Song Dynasty implemented the "general from the middle of the emperor", every time the general went out to fight, the emperor must "draw a formation, rule the temple to win, give discipline, remote control is cheap, the commander complies, and the noble ministers supervise." In order to better control the generals who lead the troops into battle, the generals are often awarded the formation map before the troops are dispatched, and the specific tactics of the front line are stipulated in the deep palace. Therefore, after the unification of the Northern Song Dynasty, most of the wars with the ethnic minorities in the north ended in defeat.

Since the Song Dynasty, the development of the formation has gradually tended to be conservative. According to the "General Essentials of the Martial Arts", the formations commonly used by the Song army mainly include the permanent formation, the Pingrong Wanquan formation, and the eight formations of the current dynasty. For example, the Northern Song Dynasty army often divided the troops into various parts such as forwards and guards, and the formation composed of each part was called "Chang Formation". In other words, the Northern Song Dynasty army often divided the troops into various parts according to their tactical objectives, formed a "permanent formation", and then combined them to fight. It includes the following formations: vanguard formation, strategy vanguard formation, large formation, front formation, east and west kidnapping horse formation, landless division of horses, rejection of the rear formation, strategy palace rear formation, etc. The vanguard formation is a battle formation composed of forward troops. The forward units resemble the modern avant-garde units. The task of the vanguard is to "rush to the front, trap the strong formation, and attack the sharp division", so the Northern Song Dynasty, like the previous dynasties, "select elite soldiers and place the vanguard array". The vanguard formation is a battle formation composed of troops that respond to the vanguard, "placed behind the vanguard formation". This formation is led by a "cavalry general". When "the vanguard resists the enemy or the army is not strong, the vanguard is planned to respond" to control the enemy's "rush". The Great Array, also known as the Central Army Formation, is a battle formation composed of the main horse and infantry troops. Generally long formations (columns) or phalanxes. When arranging the formation, "with the rifle and knife hand of the infantry army in front, mixed with side signs, javelins, when the formation is combined with cloth, wooden horses, or occasionally with a cart, it is called 'the foot soldiers'". And the strong bows and crossbows are arranged behind it. At the same time, "four gates were opened in a burst, and the cavalry was in them, waiting for the battle, that is, opening the door and letting the team out." In short, the main force was in the form of a "car battalion" and lined up on all sides to defend against the enemy's "sudden galloping". When it is time to play, open the doors on all sides and let the "team" play. The front formation is a surprise soldier deployed in front of the "Chinese army's big array". "The General Essentials of the Martial Arts" says, "When the enemy is in the right position, the decisive victory is with surprise soldiers, and the front and back can correspond, then the victory is always won and undefeated." The "General Essentials of the Martial Arts" also quoted the method of grasping Qitu and the Liao army's formation after the wind, and believed that the number of odd soldiers should account for about one-third of the number of troops in the large array.