Introduction to the imperial examination system of the Jing Dynasty

In the Dajing Dynasty, there were three main ways to become an official in the court: one was hereditary replacement, a title that was directly inherited; One is to be shaded by the family and arrange to be an official in the court, but the official position is generally not too high; The other is to pass the imperial examination, and the children of the poor family can only pass the imperial examination to enter the court as officials.

The imperial examinations are in order from low to high, and the order is the Tongsheng Examination, the Township Examination, the Hui Examination and the Palace Examination.

The Tongsheng Examination is to obtain the qualification to participate in the official imperial examination, the local imperial examination presided over by the state and county academic administration, including the county examination, the government examination and the hospital examination three stages, the person who participates in the Tongsheng examination is called Tongsheng, there is no age limit, after passing the examination to obtain the qualification of Xiucai, you can enter the local government, state or county and other places of the government-run academy to study, the academy is arranged by the district officials to teach Mr. .

Further down is the formal imperial examination, which is divided into three levels: the township examination, the general examination, and the palace examination.

The township examination is held once every three years, generally arranged in August, so the township examination is also called the autumn festival, the emperor appoints the chief examiner, the examination room is located in the provincial capital, arranged by the provincial officials, the capital will also set up the examination room, mainly the candidates near the capital to participate, after the examination is released the main and deputy list, the main list is called the lifting person, the first is called Xie Yuan, the second to the tenth name "Yayuan".

The examination is also held once every three years, generally arranged in the spring, so the examination is also called the spring of the spring, the emperor appoints the chief examiner, the examination is presided over by the Ministry of Rites, the examination room is unified in the capital, the people of each province can take the examination, admit three hundred tributes, the first is called Huiyuan.

The township examination and the general examination cannot be taken in the same year, that is, the interval between passing the township examination is at least three years.

The palace examination was conducted by the emperor himself, and the test was asked. Those who participated in the palace examination were Gongshi, and after taking the middle school, they were collectively called Jinshi. The palace examination is divided into three top admits. The first class admits three people, namely the champion, the list eye, and the tanhua, which are collectively known as the three tripod armor. The second first place is commonly known as Chuanyu. The champion was awarded the Hanlin Academy for revision, and the Bangyan and Tanhua were awarded for the Hanlin Academy.

Of course, not all positions are such routines, such as the children of a family, who are not born as the eldest son, and do not want to be idle petty officials by virtue of the family's shadow, can enter the court as an official through the imperial examination. Through the family arrangement, it is generally relatively poor children, and the starting point is higher.

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