The black suit took Wang Yinan into the conference room, obviously, the host knew Wang Yinan, he clapped his hands, breaking the suffocating dullness in the conference room.

"Let me introduce you, this is Professor Wang Yinan of Imperial Capital University, winner of the Abel Prize",

There was applause in the conference room, Wang Yinan looked left and right, except for Li Wenjing sitting by the window, he didn't know anyone else.

"Professor Wang Yinan and Professor Li Wenjing also have a lot of research in artificial intelligence, so we also invite them to participate in today's discussion", the moderator is Qian Zhonghua's boss, the head of the relevant department, he came to preside over it personally, indicating that the level of today's meeting is very high.

Of course, the existence of the Gödel system is a secret within a secret, so Qian Zhonghua's boss only mentioned that Wang Yinan and Li Wenjing are experts in artificial intelligence, and did not elaborate on the results they have obtained.

"This is Professor Pan of the University of Science and Technology, and he is an authority on quantum computers", the host introduced several major masters to Wang Yinan.

"Fortunately, fortunately", Professor Pan stood up and shook hands with Wang Yinan, he was in the conference room, he was young, of course, compared with Wang Yinan and Li Wenjing, he was an old man, in his 40s, but he was already a little overwhelmed.

Before Wang Yinan and Li Wenjing were born, he was intentionally or unintentionally regarded by the news media as a model for young scientists in China, so it is not surprising that Wang Yinan felt a faint hostility in him.

"I have admired Professor Pan's name for a long time, and I still need to ask you more about quantum computers in the future", Wang Yinan's posture is very low, and I won't do anything to make enemies easily, it seems that Wang Yinan is still quite on the road, and Professor Pan's face immediately improved a lot.

"This is Professor Li of the National Defense University of Science and Technology, and the Light of the Great Lake, which they researched and manufactured, is currently the number one supercomputer in the entire Blue Star."

is another big man who often appears on TV, Wang Yinan shook hands with Professor Li very modestly, "I have read reports about you, it is not easy to beat the Sun Country and the Rice Country to get the first place in the Blue Star Supercomputer."

"This is Academician Sun of the Institute of Computing of the Huaguo Academy of Sciences, and their team is currently designing a new generation of independent chips based on the alpha architecture, which can achieve the same performance as the X86 chip of the previous generation toothpaste factory under the 20nm process produced by Huaguo."

"It turned out to be the legendary Huaxin, looking up for a long time", Wang Yinan said,

"This is Academician Liu of the Department of Computer Science of Imperial Capital University, who has studied the theory of software and hardware architecture of parallel computing, and is currently an authority in this field in China."

"Oh, speaking of which, we are still colleagues", in the end, it was my own people, Academician Liu took the initiative to come over and shake hands with Wang Yinan.

It's hard for Qian Zhonghua's boss, so many technical masters can remember the identity and such a professional research field clearly.

It took a few minutes to introduce the main masters, and the host said solemnly, "This meeting is very important to the future of Huaguo Science and Technology, and the results of the meeting will directly affect the formulation of high-level policies and the tilt of resources, so I hope everyone can abandon all preconceptions and discuss the pros and cons openly and honestly".

"When I informed Professor Wang, I should have mentioned the content of the meeting, so I will repeat it briefly," said the moderator.

"As we all know, Moore's Law is close to failure, and now the CPU process and clock frequency are close to the limit, and the current mass production of CPUs or GPUs, for a long time, reaching 5-7 nanometers should be the limit."

"Then, the development of computer technology in the future is to continue to improve the existing silicon-based and lithography systems, or to choose some new technical directions, such as biological computers, superconducting computers, or quantum computers, which is very important for the strategic choice of the whole country."

"This is a huge challenge, but also a huge opportunity, we continue to lag behind in the traditional lithography process, and we can't see the opportunity to catch up in the short term, but if we choose the right direction in the next generation of computer technology, and invest in the whole country, it is very likely to achieve corner overtaking."

"However, the country's resources and strength are limited, so we can only choose one of the directions to focus on investment, in order to make a breakthrough, this meeting is to ask the experts to provide a tendentious opinion to the highest level, we, what direction should we choose to make a breakthrough",

"The responsibility is heavy, comrades, in a sense, whether China can stand on the top of the world of computer technology in the next 20 years depends on whether we can find a correct direction today."

"After the discussion the day before and this morning, the current opinions are mainly focused on the two directions of superconducting computers and quantum computers, but the differences between the two opinions are relatively large, and I would like to ask Academician Liu of Imperial Capital University, who advocates superconducting computers, and Professor Pan, who advocates quantum computers, to systematically explain their reasons."

"It just so happens that Professor Wang Yinan has just arrived, so you can listen to it comprehensively."

The first to introduce is Academician Liu of Imperial Capital University,

"The main direction of attack I suggest is superconducting computers," said Academician Liu.

"As we all know, one of the key factors restricting the improvement of computer performance is power consumption and heat generation, and superconducting technology has incomparable huge advantages in this regard."

"In addition, switching devices made using the superconducting Josephson effect have a response speed that is two orders of magnitude faster than that of silicon-based semiconductor devices commonly used today."

。。。

"To sum up, I think the direction of superconducting computer is worth trying", Academician Liu concluded his elaboration.

Wang Yinan shook his head secretly, except for some common-sense road goods, Academician Liu did not put forward valuable specific ideas, what is the technical route, and what is the ultimate goal to be achieved.

Sure enough, after Academician Liu finished speaking, he was violently attacked by his opponent.

"As far as I know, at present, the research on superconducting computers on the entire blue star is thunder and rain," Professor Li of the National University of Defense Science and Technology was the first to attack.

"IBN once invested in a research group, but just after studying the basic logic components of superconductivity, they gave up, and judging from the reports, they should have encountered unsolvable difficulties".

"After that, it was the woolly bear, and the team of the hairy bear also made a bunch of superconducting gate circuits, and then the hairy bear disintegrated, and the gang went to the rice country, and it is said that they got the investment to continue research, but in recent years, they have not been able to do anything."

Professor Li obviously did his homework and recruited all the recruits.

Seeing that Academician Liu was deflated, Professor Li of the National Defense University of Science and Technology hurriedly came to the rescue, "No one can make progress, does it prove that this thing cannot be done, I think you have made the mistake of empiricism", Professor Li said,

"The reduction of power consumption is inevitable, and the superconducting Josephson effect is also recognized as a high-speed logic circuit",

"As for the problems that we will encounter, they are exactly what we need to invest our efforts to solve."

Wang Yinan listened carefully for a long time, and wondered why Academician Liu supports superconducting computers, because superconducting computers are basically based on the traditional von Neumann architecture, and his expertise, the software and hardware of parallel computing are based on the traditional architecture, so there is still room to play.

Similarly, why does Professor Li support Academician Liu, because the Light of the Great Lake is also based on the traditional architecture, if a new structure is really made, then Professor Li can't play anymore, and hundreds of people under him can't play anymore?

Sure enough, Professor Pan, who spoke next, did not leave any emotion, "With all due respect, superconducting computers are only a very limited improvement on traditional computers, and it is still unknown whether the improvement can be successful."

"So, I think we should devote ourselves to the research of quantum computers",

"As you know, at the level of quantum mechanics, particles are in a superposition state, and this superposition state itself can be transformed in a way that conforms to the wave equation, or in other words, the operation".

"This is natural, parallel computing at the quantum level",

"The prime factor decomposition algorithm proposed by the rice scholar Shor can solve the task that traditional algorithms take tens of thousands of years to complete in an instant."

"There is also Professor Sisen, who built a quantum annealing computer in Mige, and successfully solved a basic problem in the field of artificial intelligence with several orders of magnitude advantages, that is, to obtain a global optimal solution."

"These successful examples prove that quantum computers are feasible, and in my lab, we have achieved 12 qubit calculations, which is also at the leading level in the whole Blue Star".

"As long as we continue to invest more, we have a good chance of overtaking in corners and taking the lead in the race for a new generation of quantum computers."

I have to say that Professor Pan's elaboration is more detailed and more convincing, of course, Wang Yinan is not easy to fool, Professor Pan deliberately avoided two questions in his elaboration, these two problems are also the fatal flaws of quantum computers.

The first is the problem of algorithms, there are currently three mature quantum algorithms, namely prime factor factorization, search and annealing algorithms, which are far from reaching the expression ability that traditional von Neumann machines have, that is, quantum computers are not Turing machines and cannot complete all the tasks of traditional computers, strictly speaking, they can only complete very limited tasks.

The second problem is the input and output problem, the quantum state is a very microscopic state, but also a very unstable state, so in order to achieve a stable expression of information, people need to use quantum fault-tolerant coding to represent information, and to represent any information as a superposition of microscopic particles, just think about it, Wang Yinan shuddered.

In the same way, it is also a very terrifying task to obtain the information of each orthogonal domain from the superimposed quantum states through repeated measurements.

Academician Liu also questioned Professor Pan's elaboration, but he did not study physics deeply, and the doubts were not on the point, Academician Liu saw that the situation was unfavorable, and turned his attention to Wang Yinan for help, "We are a school, you can't see death without saving."

Well, as a colleague in the trenches, I always have to pull a hand, not to mention, Wang Yinan doesn't think that the two fatal problems of quantum computers have the possibility of being solved in a short period of time, in this way, quantum computers that cannot be used as general-purpose computers, in Wang Yinan's view, can only be used as a supplement to general-purpose computers, and the scope of application is very limited.

It's like Professor Pan's quantum communication experiment, known as quantum video call, which sounds quite bluffing, but in fact, all the call process is based on the traditional H264, or H265 video compression protocol, DES or RC series, or the AES symmetric encryption protocol in the country of rice.

When it comes to quantum entanglement, that is, at the moment of exchanging keys, the only function is that this process of exchanging keys will destroy the exchange itself, once it is eavesdropped, so it cannot be eavesdropped.

As for the communication itself, it has nothing to do with so-called quantum computing.

Of course, Wang Yinan is not stupid enough to challenge this kind of news event that the public likes to see.

"I have two questions," Mr. Wang said.

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