Light is both a wave and a particle, which is the basis of modern physics, as we are familiar with, the waves we observe in the general macroscopic phenomena need to exist with the help of a medium, for example, water waves use water to propagate, sound waves use air to propagate, very intuitive, there is no air as a medium, such as the moon, is not audible.

In the nineteenth century, through the study of diffraction and interference phenomena, people established the theory of light waves, at that time light waves were king, photons, this is a god thing, but since it is a wave, it needs to have a medium to propagate, so physicists hypothesized an omnipresent substance, that is, the legendary ether.

Aether is a very magical substance in physics, it is ubiquitous, and it cannot be perceived by humans, its density is very small, otherwise it will affect the operation of celestial bodies, but it is very hard, because light waves can travel through the aether.

This kind of magical thing obviously cannot exist in reality. In 1887, Myerson and Morey devised an interferometry experiment in which the aether was assumed to exist and that the Earth would orbit the Sun at a speed of 30 km/s, and that an aether would blow through at the same speed. As a result, of course, the presence of aetheric winds was not detected.

Interestingly, in the same year, Hertz discovered the photoelectric effect, metals will emit electrons under the action of light irradiation, but the energy of the emitted electrons is completely related to the wavelength of light, and has nothing to do with the intensity of light, which is interesting, it is reasonable that if light is a wave, then the energy of the wave should be continuous, and it is reasonable to assume that after absorbing a certain amount of energy of light radiation, the metal releases an electron.

The only explanation can only be that light is a particle, Einstein. Everywhere you named the quantum of light and won the Nobel Prize (not because of the theory of relativity). Later, scientists were even able to precisely control the light source of the laser, emitting only one photon at a time, which confirmed the theory that light is a particle.

However, this particle is so strange that even if it is a particle, it desperately wants to behave like a wave. Scientists let one photon pass through a slit, and then load the film in the back, record the position of the photon hitting the film, logically, this should be a line, right, the result is no, the scientist found that the position of each photon hitting the film, and finally the whole will form a striped diffraction pattern.

Scientists think that it is impossible for a photon to pass through two slits at the same time, so they add a slit to the edge of that slit, and also let the photons pass through these two slits one by one, so it stands to reason that a photon cannot go both left and right, but, my God, what scientists see on film is a typical double-slit interference pattern that only a wave can appear.

So, Einstein came out and said, in this case, let's do a thought experiment, assuming that the photon travels long enough, we can quickly open or close these two slits, when we emit a photon, and then confirm that it has flown through one of these two slit, but before it reaches the film, we close or open the slit, it stands to reason, the photon can't know whether it's a double slit or a single slit behind it, right, because the speed of light is already the fastest speed in the world.

Einstein came to the conclusion that there must be something wrong with quantum mechanics, otherwise according to this thought experiment, even if you turn the double slit into a single slit after the photon flies by, the formation must still be a double slit interference pattern, but quantum mechanics says, no, after the flight, you change to a double slit and form a double slit diffraction pattern, how is this possible?

This is the famous EPR paradox, Einstein. Podolsky. The paper jointly published by the three Rosen, of course, this is a very popular statement, and later, Bell made this thought experiment practical through the probability inequality method, and later, in 1981, Aspec and others successfully made this thought experiment actually made!

The results of the experiment must have disappointed Einstein, the photon really knows what is going on behind it, you turn off a slit behind me and I behave as diffraction, you open a slit behind me and I behave as interference...

All physicists are faced with a difficult choice: either A admits that the speed of light is not the fastest and that superluminal speed exists, or B admits that at some quantum level, we are facing a world that cannot be understood. Of course, almost all physicists chose B, well, we can't understand, but we can calculate, we still have probabilities.

Later, physicists separated a pair of photons, and the total spin of the photons was zero, meaning that one was left-handed and the other must be right-handed. When we measure the spin of one of the photons, if one of them is left-handed, then the other one is right-handed, no matter how far apart it is, whether it is on the moon or even on the other side of the universe.

This is called quantum entanglement, but note that quantum entanglement cannot be used directly to transmit information, because people can only measure the spin of one of the photons, but cannot control it, and before the measurement, you don't know whether it is left-handed or right-handed, so there is still no such thing as superluminal information transmission.

This kind of entanglement at the quantum level,The more clear use is to distribute the key safely,I measured the left and right, left, right, right, and binary representation is 01010011, then the other side must be 10101100 l,This process is completely impossible to eavesdropping,There is no eavesdropping means that can not affect the results of quantum entanglement。。。

Balabala said so much, in fact, for the sake of a sentence, "Light is both a wave and a particle, and the shorter the wavelength of light, the higher the energy of the photon".

Back to the problem faced by Wang Yinan, to make a chip, the simplest solution is to print the chip, which can be understood as using light as ink and silicon as white paper, which is the so-called lithography machine. The performance of a lithography machine is measured by the minimum width of the silicon lines it can burn, which in turn is determined by the wavelength of the light used by the lithography machine.

The light that the human eye can see, according to the wavelength from long to short, is red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, the longest wavelength is red light, the shortest is violet, smaller line width means lower energy consumption, and at the same area, more transistors can be engraved, so the ASML of Nikeng and Windmill Country began a race to see who is shorter, ah, no, it is a race to be shorter than whom.

From violet to ultraviolet, to DUV (Deep UltraViolet), and most recently EUV (Extreme UltraViolet), Nikeng is slowly falling behind, and now only ASML is the only one left.

An EUV lithography machine with more than 400 million US dollars is a treasure coveted by the whole country, if possible, Wang Yinan really wants to get one back, but the target is too big, it is too expensive, and the power consumption is amazing, and the electricity consumption required by a device is equivalent to a small city with a population of one million.

After returning to the imperial capital, Wang Yinan first found Sun Wei to determine the progress of circuit design, circuit design is divided into two parts, the first part is logic design, that is, the use of VHDL (Very High speed integrated circuithardware Description Language ultra-high-speed integrated circuit hardware description language), the basic logic function is described, this design has nothing to do with the specific process and chip.

This part of the work is going very smoothly, Sun Wei and they have changed their manuscripts three times with the help of the Gödel system, and there are no problems after the simulation test.

The second part of the actual recording template design is more troublesome, because it involves the PDK (Processor Design Kit), which is a development toolkit used by the specific fab itself, and is closely related to the specific application scope of the process used, including the chip. At present, Sun Wei and they can only get SMIC's PDK, which is a 0.5 micron process.

If you want to use this latest lithography machine from the toothpaste factory, you must first get a matching PDK, and it seems that a trip to Prague is imminent.

Chen Zihao also came back from his hometown two days ago, joined Ronghe company, after seeing the Gödel system, Chen Zihao refused to leave, he made a floor in the company, and used the Gödel system to analyze various backdoors and vulnerabilities all day long, it just so happened that the company has no special business recently, and the computing power of the Gödel system is relatively idle. "I already had this buddy to help, how could I have been discovered by those idiots in the United States back then", Chen Zihao said to Wang Yinan, "Boss, why don't we go to the United States to steal something and come back."

Wang Yinan is really tempted, it seems that the drawings of the F25, especially the F120 engine drawings used in the F25, get it back and sell it to Qian Zhonghua, and it should be able to sell it at a good price.

On this day, Wang Yinan called Zhang Qi and Chen Zihao to the company, right next to the company, on the forest ** by the river, Wang Yinan said to Chen Zihao,

"Zihao, has it been an eye-opener to deal with the Gödel system these days?"

"That's it, you and Sister Li are so good, you can make this thing, it's a hacker artifact", Chen Zihao, "With it, no software system in the world can escape my attack."

"You give me some points, I almost went to the Black Rice Country Hexagonal Office last time, I really think people are vegetarians", Wang Yinan said,

"The biggest problem at the moment is that the computing power is still weak, so we need to upgrade the Gödel system."

Chen Zihao and Zhang Qi both nodded, "Isn't it Sun Wei that the department they are responsible for is making new chips of their own", Zhang Qi asked.

"Yes, but there is a small problem that needs to be solved, we currently do not have the right manufacturer to produce the chips we design," Wang said.

"So, if you bring the two of us here, there must be something unscrupulous", Chen Zihao said, "Tell me, I like to do something exciting."

Wang Yinan generously advanced his salary for one month, and there was also the cooperation of the Gödel system, an anti-heaven artifact, Chen Zihao felt that this boss was on the road, reliable, and full of support.

Zhang Qi is not so bold, after all, "the son of a daughter, he can't sit down", "What do you need me to do, let's say it first, I can't do anything about killing people and setting fires".

"Your task is very simple, didn't you ask Prague last time about the company that recycles waste electronic products, and what happened later", Wang Yinan asked,

"Joshua International has the intention of selling, the price is not too expensive, I estimate that two million dollars can be taken, Judas Technology only accepts investment", Zhang Qi said, "I have already sent you an email for the specific situation, they have recently been fighting for the recycling contract of the toothpaste company to build a new factory in Prague, so they need special funds."

"In a month's time, can you buy Joshua International and replace a few key positions with your own people", Wang Yinan asked.

"However, it is better not to show up in person with the company and you, so as not to let people find us."

Zhang Qi thought for a while, "If you don't consider the investment efficiency, it's not a big problem."

"Okay, I'll leave this matter to you," Wang Yinan said. Zhang Qi flashed as soon as he agreed, he didn't want to hear what Wang Yinan and Chen Zihao were discussing, the more he knew, the more trouble he would have.

"We have to go to Prague", Wang Yinan said to Chen Zihao,

"I heard that Europa's sister is beautiful, and she is really not", Chen Zihao's Hara is about to come down.

"It's true, but the smell can smoke you",

"No, boss, you've tried?" , Chen Zihao said,

"Details, are there any more details...