"And?" Albert's eyes were full of doubts, he couldn't understand Fang Ziyu's reaction, with the sharp thinking shown by the other party, it was impossible not to realize the value of slimming pills, such a huge benefit, even the business giants on the Forbes rich list couldn't help but be tempted, why did the young man in front of him disdain this?

"Since you said that you have achieved fruitful results, you can't just make two products, Kwarukol's special medicine and slimming medicine, right?" Fang Ziyu knew that the slimming pills were enough to make Caesaro rise to the top of the world, but it had nothing to do with him. *With* Dream *Small* Say .lā

The R&D, registration, approval and final marketing of a drug are particularly complex, and it is by no means possible to control a leader of the R&D team to replicate it completely.

"Yes, we have made other drugs as well. But when it comes to the development of those drugs, I mean, if you want to understand why they come from, you have to make some necessary explanations. ”

Albert paused for a moment, without pretending to be in suspense, and after seeing the permission in Fang Ziyu's eyes, he continued: "According to the intestinal flora of the experimental subject, the accuracy of his weight can be as high as 90%. In contrast, even if the DNA and complete genetic sequences of the subjects are obtained, the accuracy rate of making predictions at the genetic level is less than 60%, of course, I am talking about the existing technology, and genetic technology has been advancing, and maybe this number will be improved in the future. ”

"But from that comparison, you can see that the microbes that you carry with you, which weigh about three pounds in total, may be more important than every gene in your genome."

"Three pounds?" Ouyang Jie's focus was unusual, he turned his head to look at Fang Ziyu, crossed his fingers and said seriously, "Three pounds is almost 1.kilogram!" ”

"The average adult male's brain weighs 1,400 grams." Jiang Lan couldn't help but exclaim, "It turns out that the microbes on our bodies are about the same weight as our brains?" ”

"The total weight of the microbes in our body is close to that of the brain?" Fang Ziyu repeated this question.

"That's right, sometimes exceeded, and not only by weight, but most likely no less important than the brain. You may think my opinion is ridiculous and exaggerated, but experiment after experiment proves my opinion. ”

"Did you know that babies who are injected with antibodies six months before birth are more likely to develop obesity than if they don't get the antibodies or delay the injections, so early intervention can have a profound impact on the baby's gut microbiota colony and health afterwards?"

"However, for humans, it is not only the microbes in the intestines that affect their physical state, but also the microbes all over our bodies! Not only our body, but also the space we live in, every inch of soil under our feet, every breath of air, there are countless microorganisms, for example, when we speak now, some fungi and molds fall on us and enter our respiratory tract - they are the culprits that cause some allergic symptoms. ”

"Touching your face, or your hands, brings that soft and elastic touch, it's not just your skin and muscles, more than 100 billion bacterial cells feed on the oil and sweat on the skin, multiply on our faces, hands, tongue and even glans, emitting a bad smell, that's our body odor."

"More than 100 billion! Does this number scare you? In fact, they are only a tiny fraction, and the total number of microorganisms each of us carries on average is several hundred trillions, which is ten times the total number of cells that make up our body! They are found in every corner of our body and are related to the formation and functioning of every part of our body. ”

"Not only do they help us digest food, adjust our immune system, and fight off disease, but they also determine our physical characteristics, such as the microbes on the surface of some people's skin that secrete a chemical that mosquitoes can detect, so they suffer from mosquito bites. For example, some people's gut microbes consume a trace substance in painkillers, while others suffer liver damage due to the lack of this gut colony. ”

"In addition to this, they can determine whether our skin is oily, whether our pores are enlarged, and even change our appearance and mental state."

"As I said, microbes are able to control the behavior of their hosts, how do they do that? Although there is no definite evidence, my guess is that microorganisms use their chemical tools to consume certain substances in the human body and then secrete certain substances, so the excess or disappearance of certain microorganisms may cause serious immune diseases. ”

"For example, diabetes, in the past, people thought that exposure to pathogens in a certain situation, activating the immune system to fight pathogens, and as a result, killing the cells that make insulin, but now we know that one of the triggers of type 1 diabetes is not the body's fight against pathogens, but because the body sends wrong information to the microbial communities inside and outside the body, causing certain microbial communities to disappear, triggering some kind of immune response, allowing the patient's body to destroy its own insulin-making cells."

"In the same way, perhaps the same or similar mechanism, it causes changes in the feedback signals that our brains receive, which in turn causes emotional abnormalities."

"Although we have been slow to try to prove that the microbiome-related experiments related to depression have progressed, we have succeeded in using 'cow dung' to make a drug to overcome fear, this microorganism was first extracted from cow dung, so it was named 'cow dung', and the drug made of 'cow dung' was fed to mice, and the mice developed immunity to post-traumatic stress disorder, in other words, they could overcome fear, and this drug was very effective in treating post-traumatic stress disorder."

"In addition, we also found some by-products in the research and development process, such as using microorganisms extracted from wasps to brew beer with a better taste, but these are not important, the important thing is that we have pushed this door, and it is foreseeable that a revolution in the medical industry, and even the entire human society, is coming, compared to which slimming drugs are just a step in front of the door."

It didn't sound like it had anything to do with the original T and the zombies, Fang Ziyu breathed a sigh of relief, but he didn't take it for granted that he could rest assured, after all, his knowledge reserve in this area was about zero, even if Albert concealed something, or deliberately fooled him, he would not be able to find out.

"Change?"

Seeing that Fang Ziyu was silent, Ouyang Jie asked, "What kind of change?" ”

"How can I say it......" Albert thought for a long time, and finally thought of how to explain it, "more than 20 years ago, before you were born, it was widely believed that scientists would soon be able to modify human genes in a targeted manner, remove bad and unwanted genes, and leave or add good genes to make newborn babies healthier, stronger, and smarter. ”

"I remember there was an ethical debate about it, hehe, but our technology doesn't always evolve as predicted, or no one can predict the future in the first place." Albert smiled self-deprecatingly, and he was part of the debate, "More than 20 years later, although genetic technology has been advancing, it still cannot be realized, maybe another 20 years, 40 years, it will still not be realized." ”

"However, with .9 such easy-to-use and precisely targeted gene scissors, we can not only use them to modify the genes of vegetables, but also try to modify the genes of microorganisms."

"Take the three of us as an example, although the race is different, but the genetic similarity is definitely more than 99%, but the microbes in our body may only be less than 10% similar, which is not surprising, you must know that according to the general standard calculation method, there are about 20,000 human genes, and the results of microbial gene sequencing over the years show that there are 2 million to 20 million microbial genes in our body."

"By cultivating the microorganisms we need and modifying their genes, we can use them to reshape our bodies!"

"For example?" Ouyang Jie vaguely saw some kind of foreground, but there seemed to be a layer of window paper in front of him, which made him unable to see it really.

Albert punctured the window paper with a single word, making the blur clear.

"For example, we can breed microbes to eliminate body odor and bad breath, and if we succeed, then in the future we will see beautiful women who wake up in the morning without oil on their faces, and never have bad breath even if they don't rinse their mouths, just like in the movies. In the same way, we can also use microorganisms to get rid of body odor, shape the ideal body, adjust emotions, and fight diseases......"

"All in all, with enough money, manpower, and time to get our hands on hundreds of thousands of microbes, we can make our customers sexier, smarter, stronger, and happier. In the end, we can create the perfect human being! Even if perfection is too far away, it is not difficult to create a better human being, and slimming pills are the first step we take! ”

Shocked, Ouyang Jie muttered in a low voice and said Armstrong's famous words when he landed on the moon: "This is a small step for me personally, but it is a big leap for mankind." ”

Albert was very impressed by this unconscious lift, and he nodded in agreement without reserve: "The microbial colonies in different parts of the same person are more different than the microorganisms in the coral reef and the microorganisms in the cattle and sheep on the pasture. Now that we are opening the door to knowledge, it is indeed about the progress of all mankind. ”

"Just hearing about these things, even if it is worth the trip, this trip to the United States may be beyond our imagination."

After listening to Albert's research results, Jiang Lan was amazed and couldn't help but marvel, and then suddenly laughed.

"I heard a few years ago that there are many doctors who oppose the misuse of antibiotics on the grounds that the misuse of antibiotics may cause viruses to evolve and produce highly resistant bacteria and viruses. But now it seems that their concerns may not be necessary, our Dr. Amos was able to create a new antibiotic from microorganisms more than ten years ago, and it is estimated that he will be able to achieve more glory in the future. ”

Fang Ziyu snorted and didn't make any extra response. He thinks that this time, the smart Jiang Lan did not say the right conclusion.

In addition to the important impact of antibiotics on antibiotic-resistant bacteria, antibiotics will certainly have an impact on the microbial ecology of the gut, which may have serious consequences, but no one knows about it until now.

Medicine and science are always in the process of progress, and they always inevitably overturn the conclusions of their predecessors, or it is precisely because of the old and the new that they make progress, which reminds Fang Ziyu of an interesting story he had heard before.

Legend has it that the ancient Egyptians paid great attention to all parts of the body, believing that they would need their own body in the next life, so they used antiseptic spices to make their bodies into dried corpses, that is, mummies.

Ancient manuscripts dating back to 1600 B.C. suggest that ancient Egyptian physicians had already understood the structure of the human body by dissecting it and were able to perform surgical operations – as evidenced by sculptures from around 2500 B.C. – and that mummies were made by removing the entrails first.

But the kidneys, liver, spleen, and stomach are all discarded, and the only internal organ that is carefully preserved is the heart. As for the brain? The ancient Egyptians considered the brain to be a useless organ, and they would chew it up with a metal vessel, suck it out of their nose and throw it away.

From the point of view of modern people, they are extremely stupid, because modern people know that the brain is a more important organ than the heart.

Scientists and doctors already know how the heart works and how it works, and can transplant a new heart for a patient, and even create an artificial heart soon after, but head transplants are so difficult that no one dares to say they know the secrets of the brain.

From the perspective of those who came after us, perhaps the misuse of antibiotics today is as stupid as the ancient Egyptians who made mummies by smashing their brains.

The pills of different colors in the vial were like metal rods in the hands of ancient Egyptian doctors, poking into the most important organs and mashing them into mud.