In 2018, the fourth year of Wuxu, history is moving forward in reincarnation
A.D. 2018, the year of Wuxu in the lunar calendar, without leap months, a total of 354 days. From February 16, 2018 to February 4, 2019, the 30th day of the first lunar month.
The Chinese Ganzhi years are reincarnated in 60 years, and the cycle repeats itself, with no beginning and no end. Many major events in the history of China and even in the history of East Asia are marked by the Ganzhi year—the First Sino-Japanese War, the Wuxu Rebellion, the Gengzi Incident, and the Xinhai Revolution (these four earth-shattering events were only 17 years before and after), and there were also the Imjin Rebellion (Wanli Korean War), the Bingzi Rebellion (the Manchu invasion of Korea), and the Treaty of Ulsi (Korea became a Japanese protectorate)......
The year of Wuxu was also an eventful year in Chinese history.
The first Wuxu year: 1838, the eighteenth year of Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty.
In the world that year, Austria, Prussia, and Tsarist Russia still maintained the Vienna system on the European continent. France has not only recovered but also plundered colonies in Algeria. Less than a year after Queen Victoria's accession to the throne, Great Britain built a vast empire in India, more than to make up for the loss of its North American colonies. The United States has rapidly developed into a future power in the quarrel between slave states and free states. The Ottoman Turkish Empire had become a veritable "sick man of Eurasia", and the Sultan's vassal Pasha Muhammad Ali of Egypt was making ancient Egypt a land and naval power by learning from the changes of European technology, eyeing the monarch's eldest empire.
In the East Asian world, Tokugawa Iekei, the twelfth general of the Edo shogunate of Japan, is ruling the 66 countries of Japan on Edo Castle, and the daimyo of the whole country strictly enforce the "national lockdown order" for more than 200 years. The Joseon Dynasty was ruled by the short-lived King Heonjong, who strictly pursued a policy of affairs against China. The Qing Empire was still the supreme Celestial Empire, and Emperor Daoguang sat in the Forbidden City waiting for all nations to come to court. Emperor Daoguang used to smoke opium when he was young, and later quit his addiction, and was well aware of the scourge of opium that was prevalent in southern China. In the cold winter of this year, Lin Zexu, the governor of Huguang, went to Beijing and was summoned by Emperor Daoguang for eight consecutive days to discuss the plan to ban smoking. Lin Zexu wrote: "When opium was not prevalent, the smokers did not harm their bodies, so the rod migration was enough to cover the innocent; If it is poisonous in the world, it will be very harmful, and the law should be strict. If it is still leaked, it will be so that after a few decades, there will be few soldiers in the Central Plains who can resist the enemy, and there will be no silver that can be paid. Thinking about this, can there be no chestnuts! The husband and the rich, the origin of billions of trillions of life, should be cherished for billions of trillions. If the fruits are scattered in the mainland, why not lose the benefits of the upper and lower levels, and hide the wealth from the people. If it is not like leaking to the ocean, how should it be better to use the capital to steal and not to make a plan? On the last day of 1838, Emperor Daoguang appointed Lin Zexu as the minister of the Qin Mission, the master of the control of Guangdong sailors, and went to Guangdong to preside over the anti-smoking affairs. Half a year later, Lin Zexu sold cigarettes in Humen, which led to the Sino-British Opium War two years later, and the Treaty of Nanjing four years later, which led to the cession of Hong Kong to the Five Ports of Commerce.
The second Wuxu year, 1898, the twenty-fourth year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty.
Compared to the world of sixty years ago, sailing ships have been replaced by steamships, trains whimpering across Europe and North America, and land warfare is no longer dominated by Napoleonic marches and shots, but by machine guns, rapid-fire guns, and breech-loading repeaters of skirmishers. The Vienna system had long since fallen apart, the German Empire was unified by the Hohenzollern dynasty, the Austrian Empire was expelled from Germany and reorganized into the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Tsarist Russia was in its final expansion, France had reached the Third Republic, and the British Empire continued its glory with the unfolding of the Sultan Mahdi and the revenge of Gordon, who had the yellow coat of the Chinese emperor. A world war was in the bud, and the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente were in their own alliances.
In the spring of that year, the cruiser USS Maine exploded and sank in Havana, Cuba, and the United States declared war on Spain, which was a major war that took place in the year of the Pentecostum, ending with the United States forcibly occupying Cuba, the Philippines, and Guam. The United States of America became the most powerful economic giant on the planet and will become a political giant in the next century.
After the Meiji Restoration, Japan broke away from Asia and entered Europe, like a cloud on Sakagami, and was trying to take revenge on Tsarist Russia. China, with 40,000,000 living beings, was still asleep in the East, and after the fiasco of the First Sino-Japanese War, the Beiyang Navy Division was wiped out in ashes, and Taiwan Province was cut off. The extinction of the country and the extinction of the species is not an unattainable myth. On 9 June, China and Britain signed the "Treaty on the Extension of Hong Kong's Boundary Site" in Beijing, under which China leased the rest of the Kowloon Peninsula except Tsim Sha Tsui, i.e. the entire Kowloon Peninsula from Shenzhen Bay to Mirs Bay, to Britain for 99 years. The lease expired on 1 July 1997 and became the legal basis for Hong Kong's return to China in 1997.
On June 11, the third day after the signing of the "Special Article on the Expansion of Hong Kong's Boundary Site", Emperor Guangxu promulgated the edict of "Ming Dingguo Is" and issued hundreds of decrees on changes——
Open up the way of speech, allow newspapers to "point out the pros and cons", and "Chinese and foreign current affairs are allowed to be based on the facts, and there is no need to be taboo". Streamlining the mechanism. Encourage private enterprises, set up the State Administration of Railways and Mines, the State Administration of Agriculture and Industry and Commerce, set up factories in various places, set up commerce bureaus and chambers of commerce in various provinces, and promote port commercial ports. Scrap eight shares, Xingxi learning; Founded the Jingshi University Hall; Set up a translation bureau to send international students; Reward scientific work and inventions. switch to Western military training; dismiss the old and weak, cut military salaries, implement regimental training, reduce green battalions, and organize militias; Issuing regulations for the construction of firearms; Prepare for the establishment of the Armed Forces University Hall; Wu Ke stopped testing bows and arrows, riding swords, and changed to guns.
Kang Youwei said that there were many other new policies that had not yet been promulgated: respecting Confucius as the state religion, establishing the Ministry of Education and the Church, using Confucius to chronicle the year, formulating the constitution, opening the National Assembly, governing the monarch and the people together, equality between the Manchus and Hans, the emperor personally commanding the army and navy, changing the name of the era to the Restoration, breaking the hair and changing clothes, and finally moving the capital to Shanghai.
On July 30, Emperor Guangxu issued a secret edict to Yang Rui, "I can't protect the throne, let alone others?" On September 5, Guangxu summoned Tan Sitong and ordered Tan to walk with Liu Guangdi, Yang Rui, and Lin Xu in Zhangjing, the military aircraft. On September 16, Guangxu summoned Yuan Shikai at the Summer Palace. According to Yuan Shikai's diary, Tan Sitong went to Fahua Temple on September 18 to visit Yuan Shikai at night, revealing that Cixi and Rong Lu wanted to abolish Guangxu, and said that the emperor hoped that Yuan Shikai would raise troops to kill Rong Lu and besiege the Summer Palace. Two days later, Yuan Shikai returned to Tianjin, heard of the coup d'état in Beijing, and reported Tan Sitong's plan to Rong Lu. On September 20, Emperor Guangxu met with Ito Hirobumi, had an intimate conversation, the Empress Dowager listened with the curtain, and received a secret report from Ronglu late that night that Emperor Guangxu wanted to put the Empress Dowager under house arrest.
In the early morning of September 21, the Empress Dowager Cixi suddenly returned to the Forbidden City from the Summer Palace and entered the emperor's bedroom, and Emperor Guangxu was imprisoned in Yingtai, Zhongnanhai. It was for a coup d'état. The Empress Dowager Cixi issued an edict on political training, and once again came to the dynasty to "train the government", ordering the arrest and killing of Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, who were on the run. On September 28, the six gentlemen of Wuxu: Tan Sitong, Yang Rui, Liu Guangdi, Lin Xu, Yang Shenxiu, and Kang Guangren were killed in Caishikou, Beijing. All the achievements of the Wuxu Reform Law were abolished, and the only thing that remained was the Jingshi University Hall.
Looking at the door, he stopped thinking about Zhang Jian, and endured death and waited for Du Gen.
I smiled at the sky with my horizontal knife, and went to leave the liver and gallbladder two Kunlun.
In the spring of Wuxu year, a boy was born in a blue-brick and gray-tiled house in Huai'an, Jiangsu, he was the eldest son of Zhou Shaogang, and later grew up to become the first premier of the People's Republic of China, Zhou Enlai. Two other heavyweights in the history of the Communist Party of China: Liu Shaoqi and Kang Sheng were also born in the year of Wuxu.
Two years later, the Gengzi Incident, Empress Dowager Cixi declared war on the nations, the eight-nation alliance occupied Beijing, Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu fled to Xi'an, the southeast reported to each other, and the following year in the Xinqiu Treaty, China compensated 450 million taels of silver, which is equivalent to one or two silver for every Chinese.
The third year of Wuxu, 1958, was the ninth year of the People's Republic of China.
History has turned to the middle of the twentieth century, compared with the last Wuxu year at the end of the nineteenth century, this cycle of sixty years and one jiazi is tantamount to turning the world upside down, during which there have been two world wars, mankind twice stepped into the same river of cannibalism, Zweig lamented that "The World of Yesterday" is gone, and the great tradition of nineteenth-century literature has given way to Kafka, Joyce, and Hemingway. The Nobel Prize for Literature, awarded to Pasternak for "Doctor Zhivago", was considered part of the Cold War between East and West by the Soviet government, forcing Pasternak to refuse to accept the prize. The Cold War unfolded along the line between East and West Berlin, the Warsaw Pact and NATO, and the Korean War, the next hot war, was fought in the East, and the Vietnam War, the next hot war, was gearing up. In that year, Chinese troops were completely withdrawn from North Korea.
In May, the Second Session of the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China officially adopted the general line of "mustering up energy, striving for the upper reaches, and building socialism as quickly and efficiently as possible", and launched the "Great Leap Forward" movement, proposing to double the steel output to 10.7 million tons, and increase grain output by 80% to 700 billion catties. The whole country has set off a "large-scale steel-making" and "taking steel as the key link" to drive a great leap forward in all walks of life, and it is planned that the output of major industrial products will surpass Britain within 10 years and catch up with the United States within 15 years, in order to "surpass Britain and catch up with the United States." In the year of Wuxu, China's first people's commune, the Satellite People's Commune of Shengshan Mountain, was established in Zhumadian, Henan. Because the Soviet Union launched its first satellite in this year, the "People's Commune of the Sachsan Satellite Commune" not only has regional characteristics, but also contains the meaning of the Paris Commune, the Soviet satellite in the sky and the commune belonging to the people. "Mao Zedong was not only convinced that the CCP had found the right way to make a direct transition to communism, but also felt that through the 'Great Leap Forward' and the people's communization movement, China would enter the ideal society of communists faster than the Soviet Union."
At a meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on June 9, Zhou Enlai, who was born in the second year of Wuxu and happened to be 60 years old, euphemistically proposed to resign as premier of the State Council. After the meeting, Deng Xiaoping drafted the minutes of the meeting: the meeting believed that Zhou Enlai "should continue to hold his current job, and there is no need to change it."
During Khrushchev's secret visit to China from 31 July to 3 August, China demanded that the Soviet Union provide nuclear weapons and nuclear submarines, while the Soviet Union proposed to build long-wave radio stations on Chinese territory and form a joint fleet. Mao Zedong believed that this involved sovereignty, and proposed that China would contribute half of the funds, and the Soviet Union would contribute the other half of the funds and all the technology, but the sovereignty of the radio station belonged to China; The formation of the combined fleet was considered an attempt by the USSR to control China, and the two sides parted unhappily. On August 23, China suddenly bombarded Kinmen without notifying the Soviet Union in advance, and the situation in the Taiwan Strait was on the verge of breaking out, triggering a 20-year-long artillery battle at Kinmen. From the perspective of the West, Khrushchev's visit to China with the front foot and Mao Zedong's shelling of Kinmen with the back foot turned into a joint action between China and the Soviet Union. Khrushchev was extremely angry. Mao Zedong later recalled: "In fact, it was in 1958 that they fell out with the Soviet Union, and they controlled China militarily, and we did not do it. "China and the Soviet Union, the eldest brother and the second brother of the socialist world, cracked for the first time in the year of Wuxu, and will gradually drift apart and even meet each other.
On the first day of 1958, when the European Community was founded, no one could have imagined that half a century later, this organization, which had developed from the European Coal and Steel Community, would grow into a huge "European Republic".
The fourth Wuxu year, 2018, is the 69th year of the People's Republic of China.
This is the first year of the 21st century. Compared to the last Jiazi reincarnation, the world has changed so much that all the prophets have been shattered. The final outcome of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union and the confrontation between China and the Soviet Union was the collapse of the Soviet empire. In essence, the "overtaking Britain to catch up with the United States" proposed in the third year of Wuxu has been realized, and China has far surpassed Britain and the United States and other powers in the output of most industrial products. Sixty years ago, the unrealistic target of 10 million tons of large-scale steel smelting is now only equivalent to the steel output of one county in Hebei. The European Community, which had just been established in the third year of the European Union, was upgraded to the European Union in 1993, and the euro was unified in 1999. At the beginning of the fourth year, the war in Syria is rekindled, Turkey attacks Kurdish forces, and North and South Korea shake hands at the Winter Olympics.
From 1838 to 2018, Chinese history has experienced four Wuxu years and three Jiazi reincarnations, 60*3=180 years.
In the first Wuxu year, Lin Zexu had an eight-day long conversation with Emperor Daoguang in the cold winter of Beijing, and Chinese history became a part of the modern history of the world. In the second year of Wuxu, Tan Sitong refused to take refuge in the Japanese legation, and generously said, "All countries change the law, all of them are made from bloodshed, and today China has not heard of anyone who sheds blood for changing the law, so this country is not prosperous." Yes, please start with the same heirs. In the third Wuxu year, Mao Zedong saw that the "People's Daily" published an article saying: Yujiang County has basically eliminated schistosomiasis, and made seven laws to "send the plague god" "Spring breeze and willows, 600 million Shenzhou Shunyao." The red rain turns into waves at will, and the green mountains turn into bridges. The silver hoe of the five mountains of the sky fell, and the earth shook the iron arm of the three rivers. By asking the plague gentleman what he wanted, the paper boat burned brightly. "In the fourth year of Wuxu, 2018, China is no longer the old empire where mountains and rivers are broken, society is shaking, and hunger is everywhere, China has stood the earth.
The fourth year of Wuxu, 2018, China, good luck!
Fifth Pentecostal Year, 2078......