Nori Renei (-1042):

He was the founding minister of the Western Xia Dynasty, and was the Shu clan of the Yeli clan of Li Yuanhao, the queen of Jingzong of the Western Xia. According to legend, he was the founder of the Western Xia language, and in the first year of Daqing (1036), he adhered to the purpose of Jing to create the Book of Fan (Western Xia Wen), which was divided into 12 volumes, with a square style but redundant strokes. ("History of the Song Dynasty" volume 486 biography 244 records: "Yuan Hao made his own book of Fan, and Ming Ye Li Renrong interpreted it, into twelve volumes, the shape of the font is eight points, and the painting is quite repetitive. ”）

In the second year of Yanzuo (1039), the Heavenly Rite Law was established, and Yeli Renrong was appointed as the master. ("History of the Song Dynasty", volume 486, biography 244: "Yeli Renrong Zhufan Learning")

Yeli Renrong died in the fifth year of Yanzuo (1042) and was given to the Marquis of Fuping. In the fourteenth year of Tiansheng (1162), Li Renxiao, Renzong of Western Xia, was posthumously awarded the title of King Guanghui in order to show his contribution to the sealing of Fanyu. ("History of the Song Dynasty", volume 486, biography 245, records: In the 32nd year of Song Shaoxing (1162), the Western Xia Guorenzong "began to seal the system of Fan Yushi, and was honored as the king of Guanghui.") ）。

Nori Wangei (?-1042):

General of Western Xia. Dangxiang clan Yeli tribe people. The brother of Empress Yuanhao of Jingzong of Western Xia (one said from his father). Multi-power strategy, good use of soldiers. In the first year of Yanzuo (1038), he was awarded the title of supervising army, and he was divided into the left and right side armies with Di Ye Liyu, and he was called the king. The official is to Ning Ling. In the war against the Song Dynasty, he mostly participated in military aircraft. In the first month of the third year, he attacked Song Yanzhou (now Yan'an, Shaanxi) from Yuan Hao, lured the Song army to fight with the strategy of besieging the city and sending reinforcements, ambushed Sanchuankou (now northwest of Yan'an), and captured Song generals Liu Ping and Shi Yuansun. In February of the fourth year, from Yuan Hao to attack the original road of Songjing, he planned to set up an ambush at the mouth of Shuichuan (now southeast of Xinglong Town, Xiji, Ningxia), showed weakness to lure the enemy, attacked suddenly, and defeated the Song army. In February of the fifth year, the dispatch department surrendered to the Song Dynasty, and was discovered by the Song general Chong Shiheng. In February of the sixth year, he was ordered to negotiate peace with Song. In September, because of resentment against Yuan Hao after deposing Yeli, he wanted to murder him, and he was sentenced to death (one said that the Shiheng Shi Heng used a divisive plan, and if he made a promise, he was killed by Yuan Hao's suspicion).

Ren Dejing (?) -1170):

Minister of Western Xia.

Originally, Ren Dejing was the general judge of Xi'an Prefecture in the Song Dynasty. In 1137, the Western Xia conquered Xi'an Prefecture, and Ren Dejing led his troops to surrender. Li Qianshun, the emperor of Western Xia at that time, appointed him as the governor of Quan. In order to welcome the emperor, Ren Dejing dedicated his own daughter to the palace as a concubine, so he was promoted to the defense envoy of Jingzhou.

He bribed the ministers of the court with a large amount of money and managed to get his daughter on the throne of the queen. In 1138, Ganshun made her the empress, and Ren Dejing became the father-in-law of the country, and was promoted to the commander of the Jingzhou capital.

In 1139, Emperor Chongzong of Xia died and was succeeded by his son Li Renxiao. Although Ren was not Renxiao's biological mother, she was still named the queen mother.

In 1140, Xiao Heda, the commander of Xiazhou, rebelled. In order to invite merit and reward, Ren Dejing took the opportunity to make meritorious service, and took the initiative to ask for the task of crusading against the army, recovering Xiazhou, and suppressing Xiao Heda's rebellion. Because of his remarkable military achievements, Ren Dejing was canonized by the emperor as the Duke of Xiping, and Ren Xiangqing was the commander of the army.

In 1143, Ren Dejing led his army to suppress peasant uprisings in Weizhou, Dingzhou and other places.

In 1147, in an attempt to participate in state affairs, he asked for a Hajj, but was stopped by the ministers of the court, such as the Emperor Dochong.

In 1149, he was appointed as a foreign relative, and he was appointed as a Shangshu Order, a Zhongshu Order. In eight years, he became the prime minister of the country and gradually obtained the military and political power of Western Xia.

In 1170, Emperor Renzong divided half of the territory of the Xia State under his rule, and Xia Renzong was forced to agree to divide the Southwest Road and Xiping Mansion, Lingzhou Luopangling (now Wuwei Realm, Gansu) and other places to the Chu State. Ren Dejing forced Renzong to go to the Jin State and asked for recognition of the Chu State, but Jin Shizong refused. Ren Dejing resented Jin, transferred to the Southern Song Dynasty, and attacked the Jin State. After the conspiracy was revealed, Xia Renzong won the support of the Jin State, and in August of that year, he hunted and killed the Ren brothers, and Ren Dejing failed to divide the country.

Aodao Chong (?) -1183):

The word Zongsheng. The ancestor Lingwu (now Ningxia Lingwu) was a native of Xingqingfu (now Yinchuan, Ningxia) with the lord of Western Xia. He was an important minister of Xia Renzong and Li Renxiao. His family has been writing the history of the Xia Kingdom for generations. When he was eight years old, he was a boy because he was familiar with the "Book of Shang". As an adult, he became proficient in the Five Classics, translated the Commentary on the Analects, and wrote the 20 volumes of the Analects and the Zhou Yibu Confession, all of which were written in Tangut script. In the third year of Tiansheng (1151), the official was Professor Fan Han. In the second year of Qianyou (1171), Ren Dejing, a relative of the dictatorship, was killed and promoted to Zhongshu Ling. Fourteen years of death. After his death, Renzong made a portrait of him and enshrined it in the Confucian Temple.

Liang Deyang:

The famous collection of Tangut proverbs, Xinjin Heci, was compiled by Liang Deyang, a Tangut man, in 1176 and supplemented by Wang Renzhi in 1187, with a total of 364 proverbs. Its content has a record of "don't speak if you are not familiar with proverbs", and "thousands of people" and "thousands of people" are inseparable from proverbs, highlighting the importance of proverbs to the people of Western Xia.

Wang Yan, Jiao Jingyan:

Xia Renzong set up the Hanlin Academy and ordered Wang Yan and Jiao Jingyan to compile and revise the history of the country with reference to the Song Dynasty's method of compiling and revising the actual records, and was responsible for revising the "Li Records".

Gu Lemaocai:

A famous writer in Western Xia, he was a pearl in his hand when he wrote the Fanhan Dynasty

A dictionary of popular expressions in Western Xia and Chinese. Edited by Dang Xiang Ren Gu Le Maocai, published in the twenty-first year of Renzong Qian, Western Xia (1190). In 1909, it was excavated at the site of Heishui City in China (in present-day Ejina Banner, Inner Mongolia). Woodcut, butterfly binding, thirty-seven pages. The preface is available in Tangut and Chinese, and the content is the same. It is said that "if you don't learn the language, you will not be with the crowd of people; If you don't know Chinese, you won't be able to count the Han Chinese. It shows that the purpose of the compilation is to facilitate the Fan (Dangxiang) and Han to learn each other's languages. Each word in the book is juxtaposed with four items, the middle two are Tangut and Chinese, the Chinese characters on the right are Tangut phonetic, and the Chinese character on the left is the Chinese translation. The arrangement of words is divided into nine categories: (1) celestial (sky), (2) celestial (sun, moon and stars), (3) celestial (natural changes of celestial bodies), (4) earthly (earth), (5) earthly (mountains, rivers and seas), (6) earthly (minerals, plants and animals), (7) human body (gentlemen, villains), (8) human physiognomy (all parts of the human body), (9) personnel (personnel activities and related things). The last category accounts for about half of the book, including kinship titles, Buddhist activities, house construction, household utensils, clothing and jewelry, agricultural and farming tools, government agencies, litigation procedures, playing musical instruments, food, horse harness, marriage, etc. The book is an important document for the study of Tangut language, writing, and social history, and plays an important role in the interpretation of Tangut language. The original book is now in the Soviet Union, and the current popular version is Luo Fucheng's 1924 hand-copied lithograph.

Queen Wuzang (Li Yuanhao):

Empress Xuanmu Huiwen 11th century? -1056), Wu Zang, the mistress of Li Yuanhao of Jingzong of Western Xia, the biological mother of Li Liangzuo, and his brother was a powerful minister who did not hide Pang.

The Muzo clan was originally the wife of the Western Xia minister Yeli Yuqi. After Yeli Yuqi and Li Yuanhao both died, they had an affair with Yeli Yuqi's financial officer Li Shougui and Li Yuanhao's guard officer.

In 1047, the Wuzang clan gave birth to a son, Li Liangzuo (another said that Langzuo was born after Yuan Hao was Shi for three months). In 1048, Li Yuanhao was killed. His son ascended the throne at the age of one, and the power of Western Xia was in the hands of the Wuzang clan and his brother Wuzang Pang. In the fourth year of Fusheng Chengdao (1056), on the way to Helan Mountain hunting with the Wuzang clan and Bao Shiduo, Li Shougui sent people to intercept and kill them halfway, and the Wuzang clan died.

Liu Zhizhi:

Xia Renzong was a bachelor of Hanlin, working in calligraphy, and he used the pen made by the yellow sheep's tail, which was imitated by the people of the time

Zhang Pu (?-1014):

General of Western Xia. A native of Yinzhou (now Yulinnan, Shaanxi). In the seventh year of the Taiping Rejuvenation of the Song Dynasty (982), Li Ji, the leader of the Dangxiang clan and the Dingyan Army, entered the court with an edict, stayed in Beijing, and dedicated the land of the five states. Zhang Pu offered advice to succeed his brother Li Jiqian, and led his cronies to escape from Jinze in Xiazhou (now southwest of Yijin Huoluo Banner in Inner Mongolia), united with the party Xiang Hao clan, gathered more than 10,000 people, and resisted the Song Dynasty and became independent. In the second year of Yongxi (985), he made a plan with Li Jiqian, went to Yinzhou in person, pretended to inspect Cao Guangshi and surrendered to the Song capital, and ambushed the soldiers in Jialuchuan (now northwest of Jia County, Shaanxi), booby-trapped Cao Guangshi, etc., faked his banner, attacked Yinzhou, and was awarded the left capital of the Ya. For three years, the envoy was attached to the Khitan. In the first year of Dao (995), the envoy Song was detained. Three years later, after Li Ji moved back to the Song Dynasty, he was able to return it. In the first year of Jingde (1004), Li Deming took the throne, Zhang Pu also marched to Sima, and plotted to take Liangzhou (now Wuwei, Gansu) in the west. In the first year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1008), he led thousands of cavalry to attack the Uighurs in Ganzhou, but was defeated and returned. In the following year, he led 20,000 horsemen to re-attack Ganzhou (now Zhangye), and was defeated again. Died of illness in seven years.

Empress Liang (Western Xia Yizong)

Empress Liang (11th century?) -1085), the second empress of Li Liangzuo of Yizong of Western Xia, and the biological mother of Li Bingchang of Xia Huizong. Chongzong Li Qianshun's grandmother.

Liang is a descendant of the Han people of Western Xia, originally the daughter-in-law of the powerful minister Wuzang Pang, after assisting Li Liangzuo to destroy Wuzang Pang, in April of the fifth year of the capital (1061), he was canonized as the queen by Li Liangzuo. It was suggested that Li Liangzuo ask the Song Dynasty for books such as the "Nine Classics", "Shufu Yuan Turtle" and Chaohe etiquette, and promote Han etiquette. In the fifth year of Gonghua (1067), Li Liangzuo of Yizong of Western Xia died of illness, and Li Bingchang, who was only 7 years old in the first year of Gandao (1068), was the heir of Li Bingchang, and respected Empress Liang as the queen mother, and the Empress Dowager Liang was regent. Empress Dowager Liang appointed her younger brother Liang Yi as the minister of state. In the second year of Da'an (1076), Huizong was in power. The Han Li Qing suggested that Huizong join the Song dynasty in order to weaken the Liang clan. Empress Dowager Liang planned to kill Li Qing and imprisoned Huizong in Shuiqi, where the tomb of the Western Xia King was located in Xingqing Mansion (present-day Yinchuan, Ningxia). The forces that supported Huizong supported themselves in self-defense. The Western Xia ruling group faced a split. Song Shenzong Zhao Ji took the opportunity to send troops to attack, and advanced in five ways, and the Liang family Liang Yiburi, Liang Yongneng, Liang Gewei, Liang Yan Duobu and other leading troops resisted, all of them were defeated, and the situation was critical. Empress Dowager Liang fortified the wall, cleared the wilderness, led the enemy deep, copied the pay road, gathered troops to annihilate, and repelled the Song army. In the following year, the Western Xia sent troops to capture the newly built Yongle City (now Mizhixi, Shaanxi) of the Song Dynasty, causing huge losses of Song soldiers and materials; However, the Western Xia also suffered from fatigue due to years of war, and internal discord grew. Empress Dowager Liang ordered Emperor Hui of Ming to restore the throne, but she still held real power. In October of the eleventh year of Da'an (1085), the Empress Dowager Liang died of illness and was named Empress Gongsu Zhangxian.

Empress Liang (Huizong of Western Xia)

Empress Liang (11th century?) -1099), the empress of Li Bingchang of Huizong of Western Xia, the biological mother of Li Qianshun of Xia Chongzong, and the daughter of Liang Yiburi, the younger brother of Empress Liang, Huizong's mother. In the ninth year of Da'an (1083), he was established as the empress, and in the second year of Tian'an Liding (1086), Huizong died of illness, and Chongzong ascended the throne, honoring his mother as the empress dowager. In the first month of the second year of Yong'an (1099), Yelu Hongji of Liao Daozong sent envoys to Western Xia to design to kill Empress Liang with poison, and Chongzong gave his mother the nickname Empress Zhaojian Wenmu.

There is no suspicion

Didn't hide the false Pang (?) -1061), one of the powerful ministers of Western Xia, and the brother of Li Yuanhao's mistress, Wuzang. The daughter who did not hide the false Pang was once the queen of Li Liangzuo. When Li Liangzuo ascended the throne, he was too young, and the power of Western Xia was in the hands of his biological mother, the Empress Dowager and his uncle. After taking power, he sent troops to invade the fertile cultivated land west of the Quye River in the northwest of Linzhou in the Song Dynasty (now the Kuye River in Shaanxi), so that the people's income would be their own. The Song general Wang Shaohou recovered this place as well as the five continents of Hehuang occupied by the Qiang people in Tibet. In the fourth year of Fusheng Chengdao (1056), the Empress Dowager was killed, and he was not hidden and ruled by Pang. In the third year of the capital (1059), the daughter of Wuzang Pang was made the queen. At the age of 12, Emperor Li Liangzuo began to participate in imperial politics. After not hiding Pang, he plotted to set up an ambush to assassinate Li Liangzuo, and was killed by Li Liangzuo's entire family. Except for the Empress of Western Xia, who was demoted to a commoner, the entire family was exterminated. Later, Liang was canonized as the queen by Li Liangzuo, who was originally the daughter-in-law of Wu Zang Pang, and Liang once assisted Li Liangzuo in destroying Wu Zang Pang.