The starry sky is so big that it is fascinating, and the magnificence and vastness of every high-energy phenomenon in the universe are incomparable to the scenery of a small planet.

The scenery of the two is different, one is beautiful and the other is rough......

But on a small planet, you can always find the best of the world, for example: the highest mountain, the deepest ocean, the largest animal, etc.; This is not necessarily the case when this series of events is magnified into the entire universe.

You can always find bigger stars, more massive black holes, more distant stars...... It's as if everything never ends......

The deeper you go into the Milky Way, the more the stars are encrypted, and the more high-energy phenomena there are.

According to the reasoning of scientists, in the depths of the galaxy, there is almost no place for low-level civilizations.

Even if there is no interstellar civilization to disturb it, the planet at the heart of the silver will be attacked by high-energy phenomena that occur from time to time.

Suddenly, a supernova exploded, and suddenly, two neutron stars collided, and even once in hundreds of thousands of years, it was too fast and too frequent for a long evolutionary path.

In such a harsh environment, it is difficult for even primitive life to be born, let alone steadily evolve intelligent life.

But it is a paradise for interstellar civilizations, all kinds of high-energy celestial bodies, and the best and best natural teachers. Matter is also denser and more accessible in the depths of the galaxy.

Of course, the scientific and technological strength is not enough, and it is enough to run to the depths of the galaxy. Maybe a random radio pulse from a pulsar can completely paralyze a fleet.

"I really want to see what the high-level civilization is doing there!"

Yu Yifeng looked at the white dwarf not far away, and his heart was surging.

That's where they will next go.

Well, this white dwarf, of course, is not the center of the Milky Way. The new human civilization is still far from the center of the galaxy, a straight-line distance...... There are about 18,000 light-years left.

The current location of the people is still on the periphery of the cantilever of the horses. This cantilever is similar to the Orion cantilever and has a friendly environment, and it is "easy" to see a large number of low-level civilizations.

It's February 599 in the New Human Calendar, and after a year of sailing, people have left the legendary Trisolaran and sailed to the vicinity of a white dwarf star on the Grimm Nebula.

There are certainly reasons for choosing this planet, first, because it is located on the main route of the Hicks market; Second, scientists want to get a closer look at the white dwarf, collect more experimental data, and modify the spacecraft to change its appearance.

For the new humans, a civilization dominated by scientists, these reasons are sufficient.

As the most prevalent object in the Milky Way, white dwarfs theoretically account for about 10% of all stars, which does not seem unusual. But this is the first time that a new human has studied it so closely, and his heart is full of curiosity and anticipation.

This white dwarf star is about the size of the Earth, but its mass is only slightly lower than that of the Sun, about 300,000 times that of the Earth.

It has a surface temperature of about 10,000 degrees Celsius, which is the most common, and also has a very high magnetic field.

"When it comes to the formation of white dwarfs, it is much simpler and gentler than neutron stars...... "A teacher is teaching children at the observatory.

Because of the sharp decline in the birth rate, the educational burden of the entire civilization has also been greatly reduced. This is actually a good thing, which means that children can be taught in smaller classes......

Medium- and low-mass stars, at the end of their life, will become red giants due to the depletion of hydrogen, and the temperature pressure inside the red giants is not enough to carry out a higher level of nuclear reactions, and this hard core is actually a white dwarf.

Therefore, the composition of white dwarfs is basically composed of carbon and oxygen. Some white dwarfs even have a large piece of diamond inside.

When the red giant's unstable state reaches its limit, it will explode completely, ejecting matter outside its core. After the eruption, the red giant disappears, and the remaining core becomes a bare, round white dwarf.

"Ten seconds later, enter the predetermined orbit, the countdown begins ......"

“…… Unfold the Homeland Flying Platform! ”

At the sound of the command, the ion engine on the Homeland continued to slow down, and finally stopped at the distance of the central white dwarf...... 1.6 astronomical units on a terrestrial planet.

This is the closest planet to the center, and there may have been a few closer ones that have been swallowed up by the original red giant.

It is equivalent to the solar system in the past: if the sun really burns out the fuel and turns it into a red giant, then Mercury and Venus will be completely swallowed up, and the earth may be hit hard or swallowed up.

The gravitational disturbance caused by the red giant star has caused the entire planetary system to be filled with all kinds of large and small meteorite fragments.

"Look! Look! At this moment, there was a sudden commotion at the observatory.

Because this white dwarf suddenly shines brightly!

A meteorite 15 kilometers long has been observed rapidly crashing into a white dwarf, producing a huge explosion of trillion tons.

This little bit of light is like a cosmic fireworks to welcome new humans!

A huge discussion erupted, and the turmoil caused by the entire explosion spread directly to the inside of Noah. The mad scientists cheered, as if they had picked up some big bargain.

As if there were only explosions...... It is the highest level of art that brings them an incomparable sense of beauty.

Meteorites flew in this place, and the speed of the spaceship had to be slowed down, but everyone still liked the "welcome ceremony" quite a lot.

Because of this explosion, many people instantly fell in love with this place.

According to astronomical telescope observations, most of the surface atmosphere of this meteorite has been burned by the time it approaches. The rest of the building smashed into the core of the interior in a frenzy that triggered the explosion. 【1】

But at that moment, the meteorite has been broken down into atomic levels by the huge gravitational pull of the white dwarf.

After the bright light dissipates, the white dwarf appears to have a shallow pit on its surface, which disappears in a few rotation cycles.

"Because of the huge magnetic field, it is constantly capturing the iron meteorites that pass by. Theoretically, it could be a few years or a few months, and such an event would happen again......"

Various data were displayed on the screen, and various detection instruments were fully turned on, trying to discover something deeper after this explosion.

"This white dwarf is worthless, it's too ordinary! It's okay to expand the knowledge base, but it's almost useless in industry! ”

Hei happened to be at the observatory and witnessed this scene, and he sighed: "The most valuable white dwarf star is much more valuable than any metal planet!" ”

Sure enough, his exclamation quickly attracted the attention of many people.

The flesh on the black face shook and said triumphantly: "Theoretically, although the smaller the mass of the white dwarf, although it is larger, the easier it is to transform. But what...... The lifetime of a small star is too high, and the universe is only 13.8 billion years old, and there are no small stars that have died. How do you think you should get this kind of ...... A white dwarf with a small mass? ”

These words aroused the thoughts of everyone present.

"Small mass? The smaller the mass, the larger the volume, the more valuable it is? Yu Yifeng also thought curiously.

He suddenly noticed a problem. The upper mass limit of a white dwarf star, which is the lower limit of the mass of a neutron star, can be calculated by parameters such as Pauli's incompatibility principle and Planck's constant, which is about 1.44 times the mass of the sun.

But the lower limit of the mass of white dwarfs, people actually ...... I don't know?!

Theoretically, a white dwarf must have a lower mass limit, and if its gravitational pull is too small to maintain the electron degeneracy pressure, it will explode immediately.

But what is the lower limit? The lower limit ......" Many scientists began to build models, analyze calculations.

The result is a dilemma: when the average spacing between particles is much larger than the Compton wavelength, there is no need to consider quantum mechanics, and it is approximate to think of desimbicity, as if there is no clear boundary?

Could it be that the mass of the sun of 0.08 is not ...... This is the limit of what can form stars.

There is also a discussion about how to destroy a white dwarf, how to break up a large one into several smaller ones, so that they can be sold for money.

All sorts of ideas are coming.

The first is to use a larger mass object, such as a black hole, to forcibly tear the white dwarf apart with centrifugal force. The feasibility of this option is unknown...... Because a white dwarf is already an extremely strong object, it is actually very difficult to tear it apart, and it takes a lot of force.

Second, the use of antimatter. If a way to shield gravity is found, it may be possible to cut white dwarfs with antimatter.

Of course, neutron stars can also be cut in this way, as long as there are enough antineutrons.